VOCABULARY SET 25: CAR FREE DAYS
Vocabulary:
ữ ườ ủ ươ i ch tr ng/tán thành 1. advocate (n): nh ng ng
2. atmosphere (n) atmospheric (adj): không khí, khí quy nể
ấ nhi mễ 3. contaminant (n) contaminate (v): (ch t) gây ô
4. contribute (v): đóng góp
5. culprit (n): nguyên nhân
ắ ắ b tớ 6. curtail (v): rút ng n, c t
ỉ ị riêng 7. designate (v): ch đ nh, dành
8. emission (n): khí thái, ch tấ th iả
đó 9. eschew (v): tránh làm vi c gìệ
ườ ệ ng đi u hóa, phóng đ iạ 10. exaggerate (v) exaggeration (n): c
ỗ ự ạ thành 11. exert (v); n l c t o
ế ể ế sót 12. flaw (v/n): khuy t đi m, thi u
13. fume (n): khói
ả ả đoan 14. guarantee (v): b o đ m, cam
15. holistic (adj): toàn di nệ
16. levy (v): đánh thuế
17. longlasting (adj) longerlasting (comparative adj): lâu dài, b nề bỉ
ỉ ơ ầ là 18. mere (adj): ch (đ n thu n)
19. reduce (v) reduction (n): gi mả b tớ
ắ ạ h nạ 20. shortterm longterm (adj): ng n h n dài
21. significant (adj): đáng kể
ặ ở ọ n iơ m i 22. ubiquity (n) ubiquitous (adj): có m t
Exercises:
Task 1: Write sentences from given cues. Make changes to the cues when needed.
1. area / park / be / specially / designate / children.
2. much / coast / be / contaminate / nuclear waste.
3. high / cost / fuel / sure / curtail / holiday travel / this year.
4. outspoken / singer / be / advocate / gay and lesbian / right.
5. he / tend / exaggerate / when / talk / about / accomplishment
Task 2: Translate from Vietnamese to English
ứ ủ ề ệ ọ ố 1. Sau nhi u nghiên c u, các nhà khoa h c đã tìm ra nguyên nhân c a căn b nh là do r i lo n ạ gien.
2. M cặ dù tôi thích u ngố cà phê, tôi đã l aự ch nọ tránh th cứ u ngố này b iở nh ngữ tác h iạ cà phê mang t iớ
ệ cho ràng mi ng tôi.
3. Khi nhà c mầ quy nề quy tế đ nhị đánh thêm thuế vào các s nả ph mẩ thu cố lá, nh ngữ ng iườ hút thu cố
ườ đã tràn ra đ ố ể ể ng ph đ bi u tình.
4. Cách ch aữ trị toàn di nệ mà bác sỹ c aủ tôi đ aư ra bao g mồ th oả m cộ và các lo iạ vitamin giúp nâng
ỏ cao ứ s c kh e.
ừ ử ổ ể ễ ấ ạ ả ừ ộ 5. T c a s khách s n, tôi có th nhìn th y khí th i ô nhi m t m t nhà máy li n ề k .ề
Task 3: Fill in the blanks with suitable words/phrases
Some people think international carfree days are an effective way of reducing air pollution, others
think there are some other ways. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The 1 of cars is often considered as a major 2
of air quality degradation in many countries. To combat 3 pollution, many suggest that carfree days should be held internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve little success, and there are more effective methods to preserve the atmosphere.
4
of organising global carfree days may argue that the absence of cars promotes the use considerably to of public transport and activities such as cycling and walking, which all 5 the 6 , because of of traffic emissions. This argument, from my perspective, is 7 two facts. The first is that a few days without cars out of 365 days of the year may help cut down as little , so the assertion that this as one percent of the annual amount of traffic 8 reduction is 10 is a 11 9 . The second is that this solution does not limit the massive amount of air 12 being released from industrial zones. It is therefore a one sided approach and arguably not an effective way to address the problem of air pollution.
There are, in myopinion, better measures to minimise air pollution. One of them is constructing that public transport is dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes 13 relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may encourage a majority of commuters to their personal vehicles in favour of mass transit. The implication is that motor vehicle use 14 impact on minimising a 16 may be reduced throughout the year, which 15 traffic fumes than international car free days may do. Another measure is 17 a tax on carbon usage in all areas, including transport and industrial production.This measure has been adopted in several approach countries including the United Kingdom, and has proven its effectiveness as a 18 to 19 in all fields.
To sum up, I believe the organisation of world car free days may produce little effect on protecting the lanes for public vehicles and taxing all
atmosphere. Other solutions, namely building 20 industries on carbon usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
354 words, written by Tu Pham
Key:
Task l:
1. This area of the park has been specially designated for children.
2. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.
3. The high cost of fuel is sure to curtail holiday travel this year.
4. The outspoken singer is an advocate for gay and lesbian rights.
5. He tends to exaggerate when talking about his accomplishments.
Task 2: Answers may vary
1. After much research, scientists identified the culprit of the disease as a genetic disorder.
2. Even though I love coffee, I have chosen to eschew the beverage because of the damage it does to my teeth.
3. When the governor decided to levy additional fees on tobacco products, smokers took to
the streets in protest.
4. The holistic treatment prescribed by my doctor includes herbs and vitamins that will improve my general wellbeing.
5. From the hotel window, I could see the emission of pollutants coming from a nearby factory.
Task 3
The (1) ubiquity of cars is often considered as a major (2) culprit of air quality degradation in many countries. To combat (3) atmospheric pollution, many suggest that carfree days should be held internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve little success, and there are more effective methods to preserve the atmosphere.
(4) Advocates of organising global carfree days may argue that the absence of cars promotes the use of public transport and activities such as cycling and walking, which all (5) contributes considerably to the (6) reduction of traffic emissions. This argument, from my perspective, is (7) flawed, because of two facts. The first is that a few days without cars out of 365 days of the year may help cut down as little as one percent of the annual amount of traffic (8) fumes, so the assertion that this (9) shortterm reduction is (10) significant is a (11) mere exaggeration. The second is that this solution does not limit the massive amount of air (12) contaminants being released from industrial zones. It is therefore a onesided approach and arguably not an effective way to address the problem of air pollution.
There are, in my opinion, better measures to minimise air pollution. One of them is constructing dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes (13) guarantee that public transport is relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may encourage a majority of commuters to (14) eschew their personal vehicles in favour of mass transit. The implication is that motor vehicle use may be reduced throughout the year, which (15) exerts a (16) longerlasting impact on minimising traffic fumes than international car free days may do. Another measure is (17) levying a tax on carbon usage in all areas, including transport and industrial production. This measure has been adopted in several countries including the United Kingdom, and has proven its effectiveness as a (18) holistic approach to (19) curtail emissions in all fields.
To sum up, I believe the organisation of world car free days may produce little effect on protecting the atmosphere. Other solutions, namely building (20) designated lanes for public vehicles and taxing all industries on carbon usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
354 words, written by Tu Pham
