Đ ộ
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2002
Lesson 1:
Kỹthuậtđồ họavàHiệnthựcảo
Computer Graphics And Virtual Reality
KỹThuậtđồ họacơsở
KỹThuậtđồ họatiêntiến
Hiệnthựcảo-VRML
Le Tan Hung
hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 2
Tổng quan vềkỹthuậtđồ hoạ
Các khái niệm tổng quan của kỹthuật đồ hoạmáy
tính
Các kỹthuật đồ hoạ
Phân loại các lĩnh vực của kỹthuật đồ hoạ
Hệ đồ họa tương tác (interactive)
Phần cứng đồ hoạ(Graphics Hardware)
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 3
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1885 - CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
1887 - Edison patents motion
picture camera
1888 - Edison and Dickson
record motion picture photos
on a wax cylinder
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1926 – J.L. Baird
invents the
television.
30 line vertical,
black and red scan.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 5
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1963
IBM creates the 360 models
One of the First General
Purpose Mainframes
SRI develops the mouse.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 6
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1966
Ralph Baer creates the 1st comsumer CG product:
Odyssey Pinball
Đ ộ
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1967
GE introduces first full colour real time flight
simulator for NASA
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1968
John Whitney: Permutations
In "Permutations," (1968) he
delineates a marvellous and exciting
new world. One senses a
choreographer. The movements are
reminiscent of traditional ballet. The
shapes follow the dictates of formal
geometry more than those of abstract
painting. Movement is three-
dimensional and the ambition for a
more polished three-dimensional
shaded space is apparent.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 9
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1973
Michael Crichton’s
“Westworld” uses 2D graphics
First time computer is used for image
manipulation.
Featured scenes that showed
audiences the world viewed by the
eye circuitry of a synthetic human
(played by a very real Yul Brenner) in
a future Western theme park. This
effect was achieved with 2D
computer graphics tools mostly
derived from image processing
techniques.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 10
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1974
Intel develop the 8080 processor.
1975
Mandelbrot plots fractals
Bill Gates starts Microsoft
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 11
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1976
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start
Apple.
1977
Academy of Motion Pictures Art
and Sciences introduces Visual
Effects category for Oscars.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 12
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1977
Star Wars wins oscar for
special effects.
1978
•Superman wins oscar for
special effects.
Đ ộ
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 13
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1979
Alien wins oscar for visual
effects.
1980
•The Empire Strikes Back
wins oscar for visual effects.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 14
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1980
Disney’s TRON is the first
live action film with over
20 mins of computer
animations.
Seagate Technology
releases the HDD for PCs
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1981 IBM introduces the first IBM PC (16 bit
8088 chip)
•Raiders of the
Lost Ark wins
an oscar for
visual effects.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 16
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1982
The Genesis Effect (ILM)
for Startrek II is the first
all computer animated
visual effects shot for
film.
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1983
First Coke Polar Bears
Commercial
1984 PIXAR Opens
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1985
The Last Starfighter is the
first live action feature film
with realistic computer
animation of highly detailed
models.
Đ ộ
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1989
The Abyss is the first
movie to include
convincing 3D character
animation.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 20
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1990
Windows 3.0 ships
1993
Myst
1994
Playstation and N64 released
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 21
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1995
Quake Released by
Id Software
Toy Story becomes
the first fully 3D
computer animation
feature film.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 22
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1996
Independence Day
wins oscar for visual
effects.
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1997
Titanic wins oscar
for visual effects.
PIXAR wins oscar
for best short film:
Geri’s Game.
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 24
A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
1998
Armageddon
Mouse Hunt
Bugs Life
1999
The Matrix
Star Wars: The Phantom Menace
Disney’s Tarzan
Đ ộ
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A Brief History of Computer
Graphics
2000
Sony Playstation II
Walking with Dinosaurs
Disney’s Shrek
2002 Microsoft’s XBOX
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Kỹthuậtđồ họa vi tính.
Definition (ISO)
Computer Graphics (Kỹthuậtđồ hoạmáy tính)
Computer graphics deals with all aspects of
creating images with a computer
model –
Interactive Computer Graphics:
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Kỹthuậtđồ hoạđiểm
(Sample based-Graphics)
Các mô hình, hình ảnh củacácđốitượng đượchiểnthị
thông qua từng pixel (từng mẫurờirạc)
Đặcđiểm:
Phương pháp để tạo ra các pixel
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003
Bitmap
Bitmap
lines,areas,...
SRGP
library
Pascal / C
program
X Window
System Graphics hardware
Image
image formats, compression, transfer
graphics algorithms
colour
positions
(c) SE/FIT/HUT 2003 29
Graphical
Model
Rendering
Output
Device
Rendering
Parameters
Kỹthuậtđồ hoạvector
Vector = geometrical
model + rendering
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Ví dụvềhình ảnh đồ hoạVector