Đề cương ôn tập môn tiếng Anh lớp 10 - Trần Ái

§Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m TiÕng Anh 10

®Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m M«n TiÕng Anh -Lớp 10 ọ

ấ A/ Accent mark: D u nh n/ Tr ng âm ữ ố ớ ặ ọ ườ g m có 2 ho c 3 v n, tr ng âm th ng r i ầ . ơ vào v n đ u ầ

ố ớ ữ ầ ề ơ ọ ườ ầ ơ ứ k  tể ừ ấ ầ ừ ồ 1. Đ i v i nh ng t Ex: rísky, flóra, áudience, cháracter,........   ặ ừ ồ 2. Đ i v i nh ng t g m có 4 v n (ho c nhi u h n), tr ng âm th ng r i vào v n th  3 cu iố .

ố ớ ừ ậ ữ ầ ọ ườ ầ v n phía Ex: minórity, metropólitan, commúnicate, varíety, ........   3. Đ i v i nh ng t t n cùng có các v n nh : ơ ng r i vào ư ­ion, ­ic, ­ian, tr ng âm th tr cướ .

ố ớ ọ t n cùng có các v n nh : ư ­oo, ­oon, ­ee, ­een, ­eer, ­ese, ­ette,    tr ng âm ơ ườ Ex: emótion, competítion, scientífic, photográphic, olýmpic, electrícian, Confúcian, ..... ầ ừ ậ ữ 4. Đ i v i nh ng t ầ các v n này . ng r i vào ngay th Ex:  bambóo,   shampóo,   cartóon,   afternóon,   referée,   employée,   cantéen,   thirtéen,   enginéer, Vietnamése, Chinése, cigarétte, ........... ố ớ ữ ữ ầ ư in­, im­, ir­, re­, pre­, dis­, de­, be­, ex­, 5. Đ i v i nh ng t ườ ầ ọ có các ti n t  v n phía sau ừ ơ ng r i vào ề ố ế  (ti p đ u ng ) nh :  . en­, tr ng âm th Ex:  insíde, impóssible, irrégular, repéat, prevíew, discúss, deféat, begín, excíted, enjóy, represént, indepéndent, ........

B/ Sound: Phát âm ọ ừ ụ Unit 9­ 16. t n cùng b ng ­ED có 3 cách phát âm là: /id/, /t/, /d/. ộ ừ ậ ẽ t n cùng là: ­t, ­d, khi thêm ­ED s  phát âm là /id/.

ố ớ ừ ậ ữ ộ ẽ t n cùng là : ­c, ­f, ­k, ­p, ­s, ­x, ­sh, ­ch, khi thêm ­ED s  phát âm là /t/.

ố ớ ừ ậ ụ ạ ặ ữ ộ ẽ 1. Chú ý các ph  âm đã h c trong SGK t ừ ậ ằ ộ 2. Đ ng t ữ ố ớ a. Đ i v i nh ng đ ng t Ex: wanted, collected, decided, needed,....... b. Đ i v i nh ng đ ng t Ex: practiced, stuffed, looked, stopped, missed, fixed, washed, watched,....... c. Đ i v i nh ng đ ng t t n cùng là , khi thêm ­ED s  phát i ho c nguyên âm các ph  âm còn l âm là /d/.

ừ / danh t ữ ừ ậ ừ ẽ ằ / danh t t n cùng là :  ­p, ­f, ­th,  ­k, ­t khi thêm ­S s  phát âm là /s/.

ừ ậ ụ ữ ừ ạ ặ Ex: enjoyed, stayed, managed, cleaned, arrived, called,....... ừ ậ ộ  t n cùng b ng ­S có 2 cách phát âm là: /s, /z/. 3. Đ ng t ộ ố ớ a. Đ i v i nh ng đ ng t Ex: stops, books, cuts, months, roofs,....... ộ b. Đ i v i nh ng đ ng t t n cùng là / danh t , khi thêm ­S các ph  âm còn l i ho c nguyên âm ố ớ ẽ s  phát âm là /z/. Ex: enjoys, stays, dogs, pens, tables, lives,.......

1. Simple present ( hiện tại đơn )

S + V (s/es)

Ex: I speak English ./ He speaks English Ex: Do you speak English ? / Does he speak English? Ex: I don’t speak English ./ He does not speak English.

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§Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m TiÕng Anh 10

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Use : - HTĐ được sử dụng để chỉ cac thoi quen, sở thich , cac sự kiện đang diễn ra hang ngay ,cac sự kiện trong kế hoạch hoặc cac sự việc thường xuyen xảy ra.

Ex: I play tennis every day. Ex: The train leaves every morning at 8 am

-

HTĐ được dung để chỉ những sự việc , hiện tượng mang tinh chất quy luật hoặc

khai quat. Ex: Cats like milk EX: New York is a big city

-

HTĐ được sử dụng để diễn tả một hanh động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai đã được xac định trước.

Ex: The train leaves tonight at 6 p.m EX : When does class begin tomorrow?

2. Simple past ( Quá kh  đ n ứ ơ )

S + V+ ed/ irregular verbs

(cid:0) You called Debbie Did you call Debbie You didn’t call Debbie Use : - QKĐ diễn tả hanh động đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong qua khứ.

I saw a movie yesterday Last year , I didn’t travel to Korea.

- QKĐ được dung để diễn tả một chuỗi cac hanh động đã xảy ra trong qua khứ.

I finished work , walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00

_ QKĐ được dung để chỉ một qua trinh đã kết thuc trong quá khứ. I lived in Brazil i 1990 Mary studied English five year ago.

3. Adverbs of frequency ( cac trạng từ chỉ tuần suất)

-

Cac trạng từ nay được sử dụng để diễn tả mức độ thường xuyen của một hanh

động nao đó. We often went camping when we were children.

Cac trạng từ nay bao gồm : Always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes,

-

occasionally, rarely, seldom,hardly, ever, never.

-

Khi sử dụng với động từ thường , cac trạng từ thường đứng giữa chủ ngữ và

động từ chinh. David occasionally visits us on Sundays.

-

Khi sử dụng với động từ to be, cac trạng từ nay thường đứng sau động từ. She is often ill in winter.

4. Wh- questions ( c©u hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh)

- Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim ra được cac

thông tin về cac chủ đề như sau. When ? ( khi nao ?) Time ( thời gian)

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person ( người)

Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn) Who ? (ai ? ) Why ? ( tại sao ?) reason ( lý do) How ? ( như thế nao ?) manner (cach thức) What ? ( cai gì ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý kiến, hanh động)

- Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm được những thông tin cụ thể. Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn)

Possession ( sở hữu) person (người –tân ngữ) Which one ? ( cai nao ) Whose ? ( của ai ? ) Whom ? ( ai ?) How much ? ( bao nhieu?) price,amount (non-count) gia cả, số lượng( danh từ không đếm được)

Distance ( khoảng cach)

How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được) How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration( qua trinh) How often ? ( bao lâu 1 lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyen) How far ? ( bao xa ?) What kind of? ( loại nao?) Description (mieu tả) Wh­ question: Make Wh­question for the following sentences: 11. My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.>> Where 12. We often have dinner at 7:00 pm. >> What time 13. I am reading an English book at the moment. >> What 14. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school. >> How long 15. She speaks English very fluently. >> How 16. I have written over twenty novels. >> How many 17. This street is twenty kilometers long. >> How long 18. I spent 10 dollars on this shirt.  >> How much 19. I have been learning English for 5 years. >> How long 20. She will be married to a rich man. >> Who 21. Tom goes to the library twice a week.  >> How often 22.  I went to school late because I missed the bus. >> Why 23.  She is a doctor. >> What 24.  They were watching a game show. >> What 25. He like studying Math. >> What subject 26.  The weather is very nice in this country. >> What 27. She was born in Dam Doi In 1985. >> Where and when 28.  She wanted to become an English teacher. 29.  They are cutting trees in the forest for wood. >> For what 30. There are forty­five students in my class. >> How many 31. They do their homework at night. >> When 32. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. >>Who 33. The car is across the street from the house. Where 34. She felt better after she took a nap. >>How 35. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday >>When 36. That is an English book. >> What 37. She talked to him for an hour.>> How long 38. She was eating a sandwich. >>What

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39. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz. >>What  40. He is going to work right now. >>Where

5. Động từ đi với -ing vµđộng từ nguyen thể ( Gerunds and Infinitives) a. Động từ đi cung với –ing được gọi lµ dang động từ. Cac danh động từ được sử dụng lµm

chủ ngũ , bổ ngữ vµ t©n ngữ của c©u.

Reading helps you learn English . ( chủ ngữ) Her favorite hobby is reading ( bổ ngữ) John enjoys riding bike . (tân ngữ)

- Phủ định danh động từ bằng c¸ch them not vao phia trước

The best thing for your health is not smoking. Verbs followed by the gerund (động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ)

excuse (v) tha admit (v) : Chấp

-

-

thứ , bỏ qua nhận

forgive (v) tha anticipate ( v) : biết

-

-

thứ trước, đoán trước

-

tr¸nh khỏi

avoid ( v) keep = cotinnue (v) tiếp

- -

imagine (v) tưởng tượng involve (v) bao tục

-

gồm loathe ( v) ghê

-

miss (v) bỏ tởm , ghét

-

lỡ, nhỡ tàu xe… mean= involve (v) nghĩa là

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pardon (v) xin ,có ý muốn

-

lỗi mind (v) chú

-

postpone(v) trì - ý, lưu ý, để ý hoãn consider (v) cân

-

practice (v) thực

-

nhắc hành defer (v) trì - prevent (v)

-

ngăn hoãn, làm theo cản delay (v) ho·n

-

propose (v)

-

lại đề nghị , đưa ra detest (v) ghét cay

-

recollect (v) nhớ

-

đắng ,ghê tởm lại ,nhớ ra (v)

-

risk (v) liều

-

lĩnh dislike kh«ng thÝch, ghÐt finish (v) kết

-

resist (v) thóc

-

kháng cự

-

resume (v) hồi

-

phục lại, lấy lại fancy= imagine(v) tưởng tượng (v) escape trốn

-

-

thoát stop(= cease) dừng lại

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justify (v) bào chữa ,thanh it’s no good v«

-

-

minh Ých

there’s no kh«ng cã gÝa trị ,

-

v« gÝa

be worth trị

-

gi¸ , có gi¸ trị can’t bear can’t stand can’t help can’t resist it’s no use v« - - - - - Ých

b. Động từ nguyen thể lµ dạng động từ cã to. Động từ nguyen thể có thể được sử dụng như

chủ ngữ , bổ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của câu.

To learn is important. ( chủ ngữ) The most important thing is to learn. ( bổ ngữ) He wants to learn , ( tân ngữ)

- Phủ định động từ nguen thể bằng cach them not vao phia trước.

The most important thing is not to give up.

* Verbs followed by the infinitive

Demand (v) yêu

-

đồng ý cầu, đòi hỏi

- -

Agree (v) Aim (v) nhằm mục đích, mục tiêu

Appear (v) xuất tuyên thề hy vọng

-

hiện Vow (v) Hope (v) Pretend (v) giả

- - -

Arrange (v) thu vờ

-

xếp, sắp xếp Proceed (v)

-

tiến lên, đi Ask (v) hỏi, yêu

-

đến cầu hứa Attempt (v) cố

-

- -

gắng, nỗ lực

Bother (v) làm

-

Promise (v) (v) Prove chứng minh Threaten (v)

-

đe phiền doạ Choose (v) lựa

-

Trouble (v) gây

-

chọn rắc rối Claim (v) thỉnh cầu,

-

thề đòi Swear (v) Refuse (v) từ

- -

Condescend(v) hạ cố,

-

chối chiếu cố

Consent (v) bằng lòng,

-

Seem (v) Plan (v) dường như lập kế

- -

ưng thuận hoạch (v)

-

-

Decide quyết định Decline (v) suy

-

-

giảm, từ chối Prepare (v) chuẩn bị Manage (v) quản lý, cố gắng

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Guarantee( v) cam

-

-

đoan, bảo lãnh Determine (v) quyết tâm Neglect (v) sao lãng,

-

Fail (v) thất

-

không chú ý bại Offer (v)

-

Endeavor (v) cố tặng biếu, đưa ra

-

gắng ,ráng đề nghị

Happen (v) xảy

-

-

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive):

Exercise 2:  16 I am looking forward to (see) you. 17. He is tired of (walk) to school. 18 I arranged (meet) them here. 19 He urged us (work) faster. 20 I wish (see) the manager. 6 It's no use (wait). 7 He warned her (not touch) the wire. 8 Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 9 My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it. 10 I can't understand her (behave) like that. 11 He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 12 At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses. 13 You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college. 14 He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) as a woman. 15 lam prepared (wait) here all night if necessary. 16 Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift? 17 After (walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch with us. 18 I am beginning (understand) what you mean. 19 He was fined for (exceed) the speed limit. 20 The boys like (play) games but hate (do) lessons.

ra Hesitate (v) miễn cưỡng

6. Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoan thanh (QKHT) Form :

S + had + P2 (past participle)

He had studied English before he moved to New York Had he studied English before he moved to New York. He had not studied English before he moved to New York.

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Use : - QKHT được sử dụng để chỉ hanh động xảy ra trước hanh động khac trong quá khứ.

Ex : He had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Nha Trang I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet Tony knew English so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?

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- QKHT được sử dụng để diễn tả một quá trinh diễn ra trước một hanh động

nao đó trong qua khứ.

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down. By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.

7. Used to ( quen với) * Form :

Used to + V

(cid:0) Ex : I used to go to the beach every day. Use : - Cấu truc used to + V được sử dụng để noi về cac thoi quen trong qua khứ.

I used to start work at 9 o’clock. Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer Jerry used to learn English.

- Cấu truc nay cũng được sử dụng để chỉ những hiện tượng , hanh động trong

qua khứ la chân li hoặc mang tinh khai quat.

George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is Oranges used to cost very little in Florida , but now they are quite expensive.

- Used to dïng ë c©u hái vµ c©u phñ ®Þnh

You used to play the piano. Did you use to play the piano when you were young? You didn’t use to play the piano when you w ere young. - Chñ ®éng vµ bÞ ®éng cña cÊu tróc used to .

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Ex: Jerry used to pay the bills . (Chñ ®éng) Ex : The bills used to be paid by Jerry. ( BÞ ®éng) Note: CÇn ph©n biÖt 2 cÊu tróc “used to do st”vµ “ To be/ to get used to doing st”. NÕu cÊu tróc “ used to do st” ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ mét thãi quen ë trong qu¸ khø mµ nay kh«ng cßn tån t¹i n÷a th× cÊu tróc “ to be /to get used to doing st” mang ý nghÜa “ quen víi viÖc g×” Ex: I am used to getting up early. Ex : I used to get up early when I was at high school.

8. The + Adjective The ®i cïng víi mét sè tÝnh tõ cã thÓ t¹o ra c¸c danh tõ chØ nhãm ngêi.

- The blind ( nh÷ng ngêi mï) - The deaf ( nh÷ng ngêi ®iÕc) - The disabled ( nh÷ng ngêi tµn tËt) - The poor ( nh÷ng ngêi nghÌo) - The rich ( nh÷ng ngêi giµu) - The unemployed ( nh÷ng ngêi thÊt nghiÖp) Ex: The gover nment is trying to help the disabled to have a better life.

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9. The present perfect ( HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh)

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Form S + have/ has + P2 ( past participle)

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I have played football. I have not played football. Have you played football ? Use : - Dïng HTHT ®Ó diÔn t¶ c¸c hµnh ®éng hay t×nh huèng x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh trong qóa khø kÐo dµi ®Õn hiÖn t¹i. I have seen that movie twenty times. Have you read the book yet ?

- Dïng HTHT ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ mét viÖc ®· x¶y ra hoÆc ®· ®îc thùc hiÖn t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm nµo ®ã trong qu¸ khø, nhng kh«ng ®Ò cËp ®Õn thêi gian cô thÓ.

I have been abroad twice Anna has never broken a leg. Have you ever eaten sushi ? * Never vµ ever thêng ®îc dïng trong c©u phñ ®Þnh vµ c©u hái víi thêi HTHT. - HTHT ®îc dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu trong qu¸ khø vµ vÉn tiÕp tôc ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.

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I have been a teacher for more than ten years. We haven’t seen Mary since Friday. Since ®îc dïng tríc mét thêi ®iÓm cô thÓ vµ For ®îc dïng tríc mét kho¶ng thêi gian diÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng kÐo dµi ®îc bao l©u. Just ,already, yet ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø mµ kÕt qu¶ vÉn lu ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.

- Dïng HTHT ®Ó nãi vÒ sù thay ®æi ®· x¶y ra ®îc mét kho¶ng thêi gian.

You have grown since the last time I saw you. The gover nment has become more interested in arts education. - Dïng HTHT ®Ó nãi vÒ mét hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø vµ kÕt qu¶ vÉn lu ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.

I have lost my wallet. = I don’t have it now. Jimmy has gone to South America. = He isn’t here now. - Dïng HTHT ®Ó ¸m chØ mét hµnh ®éng hay t×nh huèng cßn tiÕp tôc ë t¬ng lai.

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He has lived here for a long time. He has worked as a doctor for a long time. Chñ ®éng vµ bÞ ®éng víi HTHT Have / has + been + past participle

English has been used around the world for a long time. Has your homework been done ? The film hasn’t been shown yet . 10. Relative Pronouns ( §¹i tõ quan hÖ ) Who, which, that…

§¹i tõ quan hÖ thùc hiÖn 2 chøc n¨ng cïng mét lóc: - + ®ãng vai trß nh chñ ng÷ hoÆc t©n ng÷ cña ®éng tõ. + kÕt hîp hai mÖnh ®Ò. - Who dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u.

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§Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m TiÕng Anh 10

- Whom dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi lµm t©n ng÷ trong c©u. - Which dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ vËt lµm chñ ng÷ or lµm t©n ng÷. - That thêng dïng thay thÕ Whom, who vµ which. - When vµ where cã thÓ dïng sau danh tõ chØ thêi gian vµ ®Þa ®iÓm , t¬ng ®¬ng víi at which or in which

- Why dïng sau danh tõ chØ lý do ®îc dïng t¬ng ®¬ng víi for which. - Whose lµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ së hu cã liªn quan ®Õn ngêi, vËt.

1. HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ t¬ng lai

- Thêi HTTD cã thÓ ®îc sö dông ®Ó diÔn t¶ mét dù ®Þnh hoÆc mét kÕ

ho¹ch ®· ®îc Ên ®Þnh trong t¬ng lai .DÊu hiÖu nhËn biÕt lµ c¸c côm tõ chØ thêi gian trong c©u hoÆc dùa vµo ng÷ c¶nh.

My wife has an appointment with a doctor . She is seeing Mr.North next Tuesday. Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.

2. CÊu tróc “ Be going to”

- Be going to ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ mét kÕ ho¹ch ®· ®îc dù kiÕn tríc hoÆc mét ho¹t ®éng , sù viÖc s¾p x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai gÇn.

Dark clouds are gathering in the sky. It is going to rain. A: Why did you buy this paint ? B: I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.

3. Because of ( Bëi v× )

- Dïng because of ®Ó diÔn t¶ nguyªn nh©n. Because of ®îc dïng tríc mét

danh tõ or danh ®éng tõ.

Ex: I turned the heating on because of the cold weather. Ex: He came late because of being stuck in the heavy traffic.

(cid:0) Note : - Ph©n biÖt c¸ch sö dông cña Because / Because of

+ Because + a clause ( mÖnh ®Ò) + Because of + noun or noun phrase ( danh tõ hoÆc côm danh tõ)

Ex : Because of the rain I had to stay home. Ex: Because it rained I had to stay home. 4. In Spite of ( mÆc dï) -

In spite of ®ång nghÜa víi although, despite, even though vµ but. Nh÷ng tõ nèi nµy ®Òu diÔn t¶ sù t¬ng ph¶n. In spite of ®øng tríc danh tõ hoÆc danh ®éng tõ.

-

Ex: Kitty wanted to report on the war in spite of the danger. Ex: Mark went on working in spite of feeling unwell.

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Note: Ph©n biÖt in spite of vµ although , even though + In spite of + Noun or noun phrase ( danh tõ or danh ®éng tõ) + Although, even though + A clause ( mÖnh ®Ò)

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Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite

In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although  Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite  In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although

Ex: In spite of raining, I still went to school. Ex: Although it rained, I still went to school. : Because; because of; although/ though/ even though; in spite of/ despite  We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of 1) 2) We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although 3) 4) Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although 5) 6) Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite 7) 8) 9) 10) My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite 11) In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although 12) My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of 13) He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite 14) Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite 15) Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite 16) Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of 17) She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of 18) Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of 19) I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of 20)  I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of 21)  I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of 22) The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of 23)  The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of 24) I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of 25) All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of 26) Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of 27) Because there is a  shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of 28) Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of 29) She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of 30) Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of

15.Reported speech: Statements ( c©u gi¸n tiÕp : C©u trÇn thuËt ) - NÕu c©u b¾t ®Çu ë hiÖn t¹i th× kh«ng cÇn lïi thêi trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp. Ex: Susan : “ I work in an office.” -> Susan says that she works in an office. - NÕu c©u b¾t ®Çu b»ng thêi qu¸ khø , cÇn lïi thêi trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp. Ex: Susan: “ I work in an office.” -> Susan said that she worked in an office.

Direct Speech From -> Reported Speech To Simple present Simple past

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Peter : “ I work in the garden” Simple past Peter: “ I worked in the garden”

Present Perfect Peter: “ I have worked in the garden”

Past perfect Peter : “ I had worked in the garden.”

Will Peter: “ I will work in the garden”

Can Peter : “ I can work in the garden”

May Peter: “ I may work in the garden”.

Peter said that he worked in the garden. Past perfect Peter said that he had worked in the garden. Past perfect Peter said that he had worked in the garden. Past perfect Peter said that he had worked in the garden. Would Peter said that he would work in the garden. Could Peter said that he could work in the garden. Might Peter said that he might work in the garden. Would/ could Peter: “ I would work in the garden.”

Would/ could Peter: “ I would work in the garden.” Progressive forms Am/are/ is Peter: “I’m working in the garden.”

Was/ were Peter: “ I was working in the garden.”

Has been Peter: “ I have been working in the garden.” Had been Peter: “ I had been working in the garden.” Was/ were Peter said that he was working in the garden. Had been Peter said that he had been working in the garden. Had been Peter said that he had been working in the garden. Had been Peter said that he had been working in the garden - NÕu c©u chøa c¸c ng÷ thêi gian , ph¶I thay ®æi c¶ c¸c ng÷ nµy cho phï hîp.

Ex: Peter : “ I worked in the garden yesterday.” -> Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before.

-> That (evening)

-> that day -> those( days) -> then -> ( a week) before -> the weekend before/ the previous weekend

ChuyÓn ®æi c¸c ng÷ thêi gian This (evening) Today/ this day These(days) Now (a week) ago Last weekend Here Next (week) Tomorrow -> there -> the following (week) -> the next/ following day

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(cid:0)

Note : Trong mét sè trêng hîp , sù lïi thêi lµ kh«ng cÇn thiÕt khi mµ th«ng tin trong c©u trÇn thuËt trùc tiÕp vÉn ®óng ë hiÖn t¹i.

Ex: Manh : “ My brother is at Hanoi National University.”

 Manh said that his brother was at Hanoi National University. Or -> Manh said that his brother is at Hanoi National University. Ex: Mandy : “ The sun rises in the East.”

 Mandy said that the sun rose in the East.  Or Mandy said that the sun rises in the East. Put the following statements into Indirect Speech: 1. My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.” ………………………………………………………………………….. 2. “I didn’t send any letter by e­mail,” said Tom. ………………………………………………………………………….. 3. The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.” ………………………………………………………………………….. 4. “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry.

6. The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.”

5. ………………………………………………………………………….. I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.” …………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………….. 7. I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”.

………………………………………………………………………….. 8. My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.” ………………………………………………………………………….. 9. “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted. ………………………………………………………………………….. 10. “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said. …………………………………………………………………………..

5. Conditional sentence type 1( c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1)

MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn (if) MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh If + S + V ( hiÖn t¹i ®¬n) , S + will + V

If it rains, we will stay at home. He will arrive late unless he hurries up. Peter will buy a new car if he gets his raise.

- C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1 ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ c¸c t×nh huèng cã thËt hoÆc cã thÓ

x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i . Nã cßn ®îc gäi lµ c©u ®iÒu kiÖn cã thËt ( the real conditional). (cid:0)

note : Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1. “unless” cã thÓ ®îc dïng thay thÕ cho “ if ……… not”. Ex: If you don’t work harder , you’ll fail the exam.

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 Unless you work harder , you’ll fail the exam.

If I see him I (give) him a lift.

If he (eat) all he will be ill. If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once.

Put the verb in brackets into the correct tenses. 1. 2. The table will collapse if you (stand) on it. 3. 4. 5. The police (arrest) him if they catch him. 6. If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes. 7. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked. 8. What will happen if my parachute (not open)? 9.  If he (wash) my car I’ll give him 10$. 10. If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine. 11. If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police. 12. I’ll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes. 13. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear0 about this. 14. If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea. 15. If he (be) late we’ll go out without him.

6. Conditional sentence type 2 ( c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2)

MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh

, S + would + V MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn ( if) If + S + V_ed ( simple past ) ®éng tõ chia ë qu¸ khø ®¬n, If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house. - C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2 dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t c¸c t×nh huèng kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i hoÆc t¬ng lai. If cats had wings , they would be able to fly.

(cid:0)

note : - NÕu mÖnh ®Ò if ®øng tríc th× gi÷a hai mÖnh ®Ò b¾t buéc ph¶i cã dÊu phÈy ‘ ,’ nhng nÕu mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ®øng tríc th× gi÷a hai mÖnh ®Ò kh«ng cã dÊu phÈy ‘,’ If I had money, I would buy a motorbike. I would buy a motorbike if I had money.

- Trong v¨n viÕt ë c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2, ®éng tõ to be chØ cã duy nhÊt mét d¹ng khi chia ë qu¸ khø lµ ‘ were’. If I were you, I’d try harder to win the game.

Exercise 2: Put the verbs in the correct form 1. If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) ________ so may accidents. 2. He would get to work on time if he (get) ________ up early. 3. If we (have) ________ more time, I could tell you more about it. 4. If you (sell) ________ more products, you’d earn more money. 5. I could help you if you (trust) ________ me more. 6. His car would be a lot safer if he (buy)________  some tyres. 7. The children would be better swimmer if they (go)________  swimming more frequently. 8. We wouldn’t mind having children if we (live)________  in the country. 9. If I (be) ________ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.

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10. 11. 12.

If they gave me a job. I (take)________  it The weather isn’t nice. I (take) a walk if the weather (be) ________ nice. My wife and I want to buy a house, but houses are too expensive. We (buy)________  a new house if we (have) ________ enough money.

13. 14. 15.

Life (be) boring if everyone (have)________  the same opinions about everything. If I (be) ________ you, I (tell)________  Brian the truth. Airline tickets are very expensive. If they (be)________  cheap, I (fly)________  to Singapore.

16.

I am very tired tonight. If I (not, be)________  tired, I (go)________  to the movie with you.

17.

I don’t have enough time. If I (have)________  enough time, I (go)________  to the park.

18. 19.

It isn’t Saturday. If it (be) ________ Saturday, I (go) ________ to the beach. I have to go to class today. If I (not, have to) go to class today, I (go) ________ shopping or (visit)________  my friend.

20.

I don’t understand that sentence. If I (understand)________  that sentence, I (explain) ________ it to you.

Exercise 3:  Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car. >> If I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmate. I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.>> If The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily.>>If Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often. >> If I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.>> If I am poor; I can’t travel around the world. >> If I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people. >> if I am not old enough; I can’t decide my own life. >> If I am very tired so I can’t finish my work. >> If

21. Should ( nªn)

Should + V

You should study harder to pass the exams. Should I ask him to go with me to the party ? He shouldn’t reveal our secret. - Should ®îc dïng ®Ó ®a ra lêi khuyªn. 22. Conditional setence type 3 ( C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3)

If + S + past perfect ( QKHT) , S + would/ could / might + P II

Ex: If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam. - C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3 dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng ®iÒu kh«ng cã thùc trong qu¸ khø, nh÷ng ®iÒu tëng tîng trong qu¸ khø. Ex: If we had taken a taxi , we would have got there in time.

: Supply the correct form of the verbs

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§Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m TiÕng Anh 10

If I (know) _________ that you were ill last week, I (go) _________ to see you. Tom (not, enter) _________ for the examination if he (know)_________  that it would be so difficult. Paul got to the station in time. If he (miss)_________  the train, he (be)_________  late for his  interview. It’s good that Mary reminded me about Daisy’s Birthday. I (forget)_________  if she (not,  remind)_________  me. The weather was bad. We (go)_________  camping if the weather (not, be) _________ so bad. I (send)_________  you a postcard while I was on holiday if I (have) _________ your address. You (have) a good time if you (be) _________ at the party last night. If I (not, drink) strong tea with lemon last night, I (have)_________  a sound sleep. If it (not, rain) _________ yesterday, we (come)_________  to visit them. If she (eat) something last night, she (not, feel)_________  hungry. I didn’t feel good yesterday. If I (feel) _________ better, I (come) _________ to class yesterday. I didn’t know it was your birthday. I (get) _________ you a present if (I know) _________ it was your  birthday. It was cold yesterday. If it (be, not)_________  cold yesterday, I (go)_________  swimming. Jack didn’t study for the test. If he (study) for the test, he (pass) _________ it. I’m sorry that you didn’t come to my party. If you (come)_________ , you (meet)_________  many old  friends. I didn’t have enough money last night. If I (have)_________  enough money last night, I  (go)_________  to a show. I didn’t have time so I didn’t go shopping. If I (have)_________ time, I (go)_________  shopping with  you. If human had been more friendly with nature, they (endure) _________ natural disasters. If people (use) _________ more environment­friendly products, they would not have worried about  global warming. If more garbage (dump)_________  into the sea, people would have suffered from sea pollution. Exercise 3: sentence transformation She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry. >>If The accident happened because the drive in front stopped so suddenly. >>If I didn’t wake you up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early. >> If She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with him. >> If I had a cold because I walked in the rain. >> If They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it. >> If Mrs. White fell down because she was too weak. >> If He failed the exam because she didn’t do it well. >> If She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime. >> If I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath. >> If Exercise 4: if not = unless If you don’t see that film, you’ll be sorry. >> unless If you don’t take morning exercises, you will be weak. You will get lost if you don’t take a map with you. They will kill him if he doesn’t tell them the truth. If we don’t protect the forests, the environments will bee soon destroyed. I will wait her if she calls me. I will choose that blue jacket if isn’t too expensive.

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If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk. I will buy a bike if I don’t go on holiday. I will visit them if I have enough time.

23. The passive voice ( ThÓ bÞ ®éng) *Form : Passive Subject + To be + Past participle (p2)

(cid:0)

Use : + ThÓ bÞ ®éng ®îc sö dông khi ta kh«ng muèn ph¶i chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm cho thø g× ®ã. Ex: The matter will be dealt with soon. ( we don’t know or wanr to say who’ll deal with it.) + ThÓ bÞ ®éng ®îc dïng khi ta muèn nhÊn m¹nh tíi ngêi hoÆc vËt chÞu t¸c ®éng cña

mét hµnh ®éng.kh«ng ®Ò cËp or quan t©m ®Õn ngêi thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng. Ex: The form has to be designed. + Tuy nhiªn , ngêi ta kh«ng sö dông thÓ bÞ ®éng khi muèn nhÊn m¹nh vµo t¸c nh©n thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng.

Ex: You should finish this letter .( Not ‘ This letter should be finished’ ) = It is you who should finish this letter.

Tense Subject Past Participle Auxiliary Plural The car/cars Singular is are designed

The car/cars has been have been designed

The car/cars was were designed

The car/cars had been had been designed

will be will be The car/cars The car/cars will have been will have been designed designed

The car/cars is being are being designed

The car/cars was being were being designed

1. Present simple (HT§) 2. Present perfect(HTHT) 3. Past simple(QK§) 4. Past perfect(QKHT) 5.Future(TL§) 6. Future Perfect ( TLHT) 7. Present progressive( HTT D) 8. Past progressive. (QKTD)

*Note : Ngoµi ra cßn cã d¹ng bÞ ®éng ®Æc biÖt víi cÊu tróc:

Have/ get + object + past participle

I get my nails done by Marie I am going to have my window washed.

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You should get the car checked . I haven’t had it done since June. Rewrite the sentences using passive voice

Ann invited Tom to the party yesterday. _____________________________________ She made a lot of mistakes in the examination. _____________________________________

Someone has locked the door. _____________________________________

People play football all over the world. _____________________________________

Our country exports rice to many countries in the  world. _____________________________________

Students often use a ruler to draw a straight line. _____________________________________

Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city. _____________________________________ Tom will visit his parents next month. _____________________________________  Our teacher has explained the English grammar. _____________________________________ The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning. _____________________________________ Did Mary buy this beautiful dress? _____________________________________ Have you finished the above sentences? _____________________________________ Are you going to repair those shoes? _____________________________________ How many languages do people speak in Canada? _____________________________________ Some people will interview the new president on TV. _____________________________________

We write letters to our friends twice a month. _____________________________________

The students have discussed the pollution problems  since last week. _____________________________________ When did people build that museum? _____________________________________

Do they teach French in this school? _____________________________________ Teachers gave students a lot of homework last term. _____________________________________

Did the teacher give the handouts? _____________________________________ People ban smoking in this restaurant. _____________________________________

They were cleaning the floor. _____________________________________

You should leave your shoes before entering the  room. _____________________________________

The boys broke the window yesterday. _____________________________________

People held the 1998 World Cup in France. _____________________________________

They will hold a meeting before May Day. _____________________________________

How can they open the safe? _____________________________________

My father waters these flowers every morning. Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. _____________________________________ We should brush our teeth twice a day. _____________________________________ Is she making big cakes for the party?

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_____________________________________

Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife. _____________________________________

Will you invite her to your party? _____________________________________

Why didn’t they help him? _____________________________________

21. Attitudinal Adjectives ( C¸c tÝnh tõ chØ th¸i ®é )

- Cã nhiÒu cÆp adjectives tËn cïng b»ng –ing hay –ed .VD : Boring vµ bored

This is boring. I am bored with the film.

- Sö dông c¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng –ing khi muèn nãi tíi tÝnh chÊt cña mét sù vËt , sù viÖc. - Sö dông c¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng –ed khi muèn nãi tíi c¶m xóc , tr¹ng th¸i t©m lý cña con ngêi.

Tom is interested in politics. Tom finds politics interesting.

24.

It was not until ………that………( kh«ng cho m·i)

Until (cho ®Õn tËn khi ) cã thÓ ®îc dïng nh giíi tõ hoÆc liªn tõ trong mÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ thêi gian.

The cinema did not become an industry until 1915. The girl didn’t clean the house until her mother got angry.

Rewrite sentences using “it was not until     …”     1. She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning I was not until ………………………………………………… 2. He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine. It was not until …………………………………………………… 3. Mary didn’t work for the UN until 2004 It was not until……………………………………………………….. 4. I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15. It was not until ………………………………………………………. 5. John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday. It was not until …………………………………………………… 6. I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university. It was not until…………………………………………………. 7. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30 It was not until……………………………………………………… 8. She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday. It was not until……………………………………………………… 9. We didn’t have any holidays until last summer. It was not until………………………………………………………

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10. She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24. It was not until……………………………………………………… 11. I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me. It was not until……………………………………………………… 12. they didn’t pay the bill until the electricity was cut off. It was not until……………………………………………………… 13. I didn’t sleep until midnight. It was not until……………………………………………………… 14. I couldn’t comment further until I had all the information. It was not until……………………………………………………… 15. He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended. It was not until……………………………………………………… 16. He was unable to take up the post until early the following year. It was not until……………………………………………………… 25. C¸ch sö dông cña Will vµ to be going to - Will ®îc sö dông ®Ó chØ nh÷ng hµnh ®éng sù viÖc x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai.

S + will + V

We will visit Paris someday. I won’t be here in June. Will you be at home this evening? - Cã thÓ sö dông cÊu tróc : I think I will …®Ó nãi mét dù ®Þnh , ý kiÕn nµo ®ã.

I think she will pass the exam. - Sö dông will khi muèn ®Ò nghÞ lµm c¸i g× ®ã. ‘My case is so heavy.’ ‘I will carry it for you.’ - ‘ To be going to’ ®îc sö dông ®Ó chØ t¬ng lai gÇn.

I am going to buy some books tomorrow. - Sù kh¸c biÖt gi÷a ‘will’ vµ ‘to be going to’ lµ ‘to be going to’ dïng ®Ó nãi tíi c¸i g× ®ã ch¾c ch¾n sÏ x¶y ra, trong khi ‘will’ ®îc dïng víi c¸c dù ®Þnh kh«ng ch¾c ch¾c. We will probably go out this evening. We are going to go out.

will or be going to 1. Look at the clouds. It …. soon.(to rain) 2. Peter …15 next Wednesday.(to be) 3. We… to London this summer.(to fly) 4. Tomorrow it …in the North.(to rain) 5. Just a moment, I… you.(to help) 6. In 2010 there … more cars. (to be) 7. I think I ……………sick. I feel very tired. (to be) 8. I… a party. I have already invited my friends. (to have)  9. What .................wear for tonight’s party?  9. What .................wear for tonight’s party? A. will you B. are you going C. are you D. are you going to 10. “Did Tom do the examination?” – “He ................. do it but in the end he changed his mind” A. will B. is going to C. was going to D. decided

11. I ............... cross the road when somebody shouted “Stop!”.  TrÇn ¸i – tranaidh@Gmail.com Trang 19/24

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A. am going to B. was going to C. would D. will 12. I promise I ................... help you with your homework. A. will C. should B. would D. may  13. We have run out of water. – Really? Give me the bucket and I .................. fetch some. B. go C. am going to D. can A. will 39. We need some bread for lunch. – Oh, do we? I ................... go to the shop and get some. B.  am going to C. should D. will A. am 14. “ I will come to give you the package at eight.”

“ That will be too late because we ..................... by that hour ” A. have gone B. will have gone C. will go D. went 15. The coach ............ announce the list of footballers at the meeting tomorrow morning. He’s got the final list. A. is going B. shouldn’t C. is going to D. won’t

Comparatives and superlatives ( D¹ng so s¸nh h¬n vµ d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt.)

26.

So s¸nh h¬n ( Comparatives)

So s¸nh h¬n lµ h×nh thøc so s¸nh gi÷a hai ngêi hoÆc hai vËt/sù vËt .Trong c©u thêng sö dông THAN hoÆc cã thÓ dïng tõ nèi ( vd : but) Nam is taller than Ha. Ha is tall, but Nam is taller. Nam learns harder than I do.

So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt ( Superlatives)

So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt lµ c¸ch so s¸nh mét ngêi hoÆc mét vËt víi mét nhãm ngêi/vËt . Th«ng thêng c¸c c©u so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt co THE , bëi chØ co mét thø lµ nhÊt. Tom is the tallest in the class. Jukio is tall, and David is taller, but Tom is the tallest. Tom came the earliest in the class.

(cid:0)

D¹ng so s¸nh h¬n vµ d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt cña tÝnh tõ ( Comparatives and Superlatives of Adjectives).

- §Ó h×nh thµnh d¹ng so s¸nh cña tÝnh tõ phô thuéc vµo sè lîng ©m tiÕt cña tÝnh tõ ®ã. ¢m tiÕt lµ nh÷ng ©m ®îc ph¸t ©m thµnh tiÕng . VD: “sing” chøa mét ©m tiÕt , nhng ‘singing’ chøa 2 ©m tiÕt –sing vµ ing.

- C¸c qui t¾c vÒ c¸c d¹ng so s¸nh víi tÝnh tõ.

So s¸nh h¬n - Comparative Thªm – r : So s¸nh nhÊt( Superlative) Thªm – st :

-> wider, finer, cuter -> widest, finest, cutest Nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi vµ

TÝnh tõ – Adjective form TÝnh tõ mét ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc lµ -e. VD : fine, cute, wide… TÝnh tõ cã mét ©m tiÕt nhng Nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi vµ TrÇn ¸i – tranaidh@Gmail.com Trang 20/24

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thªm –er ; thªm – est:

kÕt thóc b»ng mét nguyªn ©m vµ mét phô ©m . VD : hot , big, fat -> hotter, bigger, fatter -> hottest, biggest, fattesr

Thªm – er : Thªm – est:

-> lighter, neater, faster -> lightest, neatest fastest.

ChuyÓn y -> i sau ®ã thªm – er: -> happier, sillier, lonelier Thªm more tríc tÝnh tõ ChuyÓn y -> i sau ®ã thªm – est: -> happiest, silliest, loneliest Thªm most tríc tÝnh tõ

TÝnh tõ cã ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc b»ng mét nguyªn ©m , vµ nhiÒu h¬n mét phô ©m . VD : light, neat, fast TÝnh tõ cã hai ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc = y. VD: happy, silly, lonely TÝnh tõ cã hai ©m tiÕt hoÆc h¬n , kh«ng kÕt thóc b»ng y VD: moder n , interesting, beautiful… -> more moder n, more interesting, more beautiful. -> most moder n, most interesting, most beautiful.

(cid:0)

D¹ng so s¸nh h¬n vµ d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt cña tr¹ng tõ ( Comparatives and superlatives of Adverbs) - C¸c qui t¾c cña d¹ng so s¸nh víi tr¹ng tõ;

Tr¹ng Tõ – Adverb form Tr¹ng tõ kÕt thóc lµ - ly VD: quickly, comfortably, easily… Tr¹ng tõ bÊt qui t¾c So s¸nh h¬n- Comparative Thªm tríc tr¹ng tõ – more : -> more quickly, more comfortably, more easily Thªm – er: -> harder, faster, earlier, later So s¸nh nhÊt- Superlative Thªm tríc tr¹ng tõ – most: -> most quickly, most comfortably, most easily Thªm – est : -> hardest, fastest, earliest. Latest.

(cid:0) Note ! - Mét sè tÝnh tõ hay tr¹ng tõ cã c¸c d¹ng so s¸nh ®Æc biÖt:

-> worse -> father/ further -> better -> less -> the worst -> the farthest/ furthest -> the best -> the least Bad/badly Far Good/ well Little Much/ many -> more -> the most

He is the worst boy in the class.

Exercise2 :Use the comparative or superlative form of the words in brackets 21. I speak English….. (fluent) now than last year 22. He is (intelligent) student I have ever met. 23. She smiled (happy) than before 24. This girl dances (graceful) of all 25. Could you write (clear)? 26. Planes can fly (high) than some kinds of birds 27. He had an accident last year. Now, he drives  (careful) than before 28. Jim can run…(fast) than John 29. Our team played (bad) of all 30. He worked (hard) than ever before 31.I have never had a (delicious) meal than that. 32. This jacket is too small. I need a (large) size. 33. It’s (cheap) to go by car than to go by train. 34. I don’t know (many) people in our  neighborhood as you do. 35.  It’s (difficult) decision I’ve ever made in years. 36. Mary is (pretty) as her sister.

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46.  Dick is (careful) of the three workers. 47. Sam’s conduct is (bad) than Paul’s. 48. The teacher speaks English (fluently) than we  do. 49. These boys are (ill­prepared) for employment  than my children. 50. Charles is (hard­working) than Tom.

37. A new house is (expensive) than an old one. 38. His job is (important) than mine. 39. Of the four ties, I like the red one (well). 40. Nobody is (happy) than Miss. Snow. 41. John is much (strong) then I thought. 42. Benches are (comfortable) than arm­chairs. 43. Bill is (go) than you thought. 45. Mr. Bush is (delightful) person I have ever  known.

Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning. 51. No houses in Hoi An are as old as the Tan Ky House.>>The…… 52. The blue whale is the biggest of all animals.>>No… 53. Khanh Ha is the best singer in her time.>>Khanh Ha …than any…. 54.  Hellen doesn’t know so many novels of Oscal Wilde as I do.>> Hellen knows…than… 55. The sword is not so mighty as the pen.>>The pen 56. The river in her town is less shallow than this one.>>This… 57. The orange building is not as high as the blue one.>>The blue… 58. These assignments are not so good as Timothy’. >>Timothy’s… 59. Jim has more opportunities to play tennis than me.>>I don’t 60. John drives more carefully than Peter.>> Peter 61. I am not as tall as you. >> You are 62. She is the most intelligent student in my class. >> No one 63. Peter studies English better than I. >> I 64. He is better player than we are. >> We don’t 65. I didn’t spend as much money as you. >> I 66. Nothing is faster than the speed of light.>> The speed of light 67. Jane cooks better than her sister. >> Jane’s sister 68. Pill is the most handsome person in our class. >> No one 69. He is lazier than she. >>She isn’t 70. He doesn’t drive as carefully as my father. >> My father

27. Relative clauses ( MÖnh ®Ò quan hÖ ) : X¸c ®Þnh ( defining ) vµ kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh ( non- defining).

- M§QHX§ ®îc sö dông ®Ó x¸c ®Þnh nh©n tè nµo cña nhãm danh tõ ®ang ®îc nh¾c tíi. Ex: I have three cats. The cat which is black and white is very intelligent.

- M§QHKX§ ®îc sö dông ®Ó ®a thªm th«ng tin vÒ danh tõ mµ nã nãi tíi. Th«ng tin

thªm ®ã kh«ng quyÕt ®Þnh viÖc x¸c ®Þnh danh tõ ®ã.

Ex: I have one cat. The cat, which is black and white , is very intelligent.

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*Note : - §èi víi M§QHKX§ , kh«ng sö dông ‘that’, chØ sö dông ‘who’ ®èi víi ngêi vµ ‘ which’ ®èi víi vËt. +/ Khi viÕt M§QHKX§ n»m gi÷a 2 dÊu phÈy ‘,’ The switch, which is on the black, is off. - §¹i tõ quan hÖ cã thÓ bÞ lîc bá trong M§QHX§ nhng kh«ng thÓ bÞ lîc bá trong M§QHKX§.

That’s the girl that I love. -> That’s the girl I love. The teacher notices the students. They often come to class late. _____________________________________ Frank Zappa was one of the most creative artists in rock and roll. He came from California. _____________________________________ The man had much experience in climbing mountains. We considered him our teacher. _____________________________________ The artist was one of the best I have ever seen. I could not remember his name. _____________________________________ The qualities are trust and loyalty. They are very important in a friend. _____________________________________ Frank invited Janet to the party. He had met her in Japan. _____________________________________ The girl stepped to the platform to receive the award. Her design had been chosen. _____________________________________ I need to find a painting. It will match the rest of my room. _____________________________________ There are many poor people in the world. They do not have enough food to eat. _____________________________________ The trees grow near the gate of the garden. They have the beautiful flowers. _____________________________________ If you have a problem, contact the senior receptionist. He will deal with it as a top priority. _____________________________________ The chickens are very fat. They are raised on our farm. _____________________________________ The teacher is my father’s friend. He lives in that old house. _____________________________________ The girl left him after a few months. He fell in love with her. _____________________________________ The boy is very interested in mathematics. I spoke to him on the phone last night. _____________________________________

28. M¹o tõ a/ an & the

- Sö dông a/an ®èi víi c¸c danh tõ ®Õm ®îc ë sè Ýt. + A dïng cho c¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng phô ©m. + An dïng víi c¸c danh tõ b¾t ®Çu b»ng nguyªn ©m. - Sö dông the ®èi víi c¸c danh tõ ®· x¸c ®Þnh.

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Ex: I had a banana and an orange for lunch. The orange was good but the banana was too sour.

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