112
HORSE
>
ANATOMY
Horse
(equid)
characteristics:
One
digit
per
foot
ending
in
symmetrical,
horny
hoof.
Walks
on
very
tip of
toe. Elongated
skull;
large
lower jaw.
Large
upper
and
lower incisors.
In
side
view,
neck widens
as it
approaches
shoulder
(elongated
triangular
shape). Mane present,
upright
on
wild
species. Tuft
of
hair often present
on
forehead
("forelock").
Rear
profile
of
neck
straight
or
arched. Pointed,
upright
ears. Long, slender
limbs.
Humerus
and
femur
short;
lower
portion
of
limb
long,
especially forefoot
and
hind
foot (adaptation
for
speed
by
shifting
weight
of
muscles mass
upward, close
to the
body). Ulna
and
fibula
reduced
and
fused
to
adjacent,
weight-supporting
bones. Femur
has
projecting
third
trochanter
on
outer
side
of
shaft
for
attachment
of the
gluteus
superficialis
muscle. Barrel-like
trunk.
Long hair
on
tail.
In
same group
as
tapirs
and
rhinoceroses.
AbDlL
Abductor
digit!
I
longus;
Adduc
Adductor;
AT
Achilles' tendon; Bicep
Biceps
brachii;
BiFemLH Biceps
femoris,
long
head; BiFemSH Biceps
femoris,
short
head; Brach
Brachialis;
Brcph
Brachiocephalicus;
Bucc
Buccinator; Canin
Caninus;
Coccy
Coccygeus;
DelRe
Deltoid, rear
portion;
DelSp
Deltoid,
spinal por-
tion;
Digas Digastric;
DLaMn
Depressor
labii
mandibularis;
ECR
Extensor carpi
radialis;
EDC
Extensor
digitorum
communis;
EDLat Extensor
digitorum
lateralis;
EDLon
Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO
External
abdominal
oblique;
FCR
Flexor
carpi
radialis;
FCU
Flexor carpi ulnaris;
FDP
Flexor
digitorum
profundus;
FDS
Flexor
digitorum
superficialis;
Gas
La
Gastrocnemius,
lateral head;
GluMe
Gtuteus
medius;
GluSu
Gluteus superficialis;
Grac
Gradlis;
Iliac
Iliacus;
Ilioc
Iliocostalis;
InAbO
Internal abdominal
oblique;
Infra Infraspinatus;
LAOM
Levator anguli
oculi
medialis;
LatDo
Latissimus
dorsi;
LatNa
Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabi-
alis;
LLaMx
Levator
labii
maxillaris;
LngCa
Longus capitis;
LonAt
Longissimus
atlantis;
LonCa
Longissimus capitis;
Long!
Longissimus;
Malar
Malaris; Mass
Masseter;
NuLig
Nuchal ligament; Omohy
Omohyoid;
Omotr
Omotransversarius;
OCCau
Obliquus capitis caudalis; OCCra Obliquus capitis cranialis;
OrOc
Orbicularis
oculi;
OrOr
Orbicutaris oris;
PecAs
Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe
Pectoralis
descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerTe Peroneus
tertius;
Pop
Poptiteus;
RecAb
Rectus
abdominis;
RecFe
Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid;
SacLi
Sacrotuberal ligament; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis
caudalis; SerVC Serratus
ventralis
cervicis;
SerVT
Serratus ventralis
thoracis;
Smemb Semimembranosus;
Sol
Soleus; Spin
&
Semsp Spinalis
&
semispinalis;
Splen
Splenius; Stend
Semitendinosus;
Sthy
Sternohyoid;
Stman
Sternomandibularis;
Stthh
Sternothyrohyoid;
Stthy
Sternothyroid;
Subcl
Subclavius; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament;
TeMin
feres
m/'nor;
Temp
Temporalis;
TenFA
Tensor
fasciae antibrachii;
TenFL
Tensor
fasciae tatae;
TibCr
Tibialis cranialis; Trach
Trachea;
Trap
Trapezius;
TriLa
Triceps
brachii,
lateral
head; TriLo
Triceps
brachii,
long
head; TrnAb
Transversus
abdominis;
TrocS
r/7/rd
trochanter;
UlLat
Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa
Vfasfus
lateralis;
Zyg
Zygomaticus.
anatomicaldrawings after ellenberger ashdown fromdissi
HORSE
>
ANATOMY
113
DEEP
MUSCLES
SUPERFICIAL
MUSCLES
114
HORSE
>
ANATOMY
AbDIL
Abductor
digit!
I
longus;
BiFemLH
Biceps femoris,
long
head; BiFemSH
Biceps
femoris,
short
head;
Brach
Brachialis; Brcph
Brachiocephalicus;
Bucc
Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Cutan Cutaneous muscle;
DelSp
Deltoid,
spinal por-
tion;
DiNAp Dilator naris
apicalis;
ECR
Extensor carpi radialis;
EDC
Extensor digi-
torum
communis;
EDLat
Extensor
digitorum
lateralis;
EDLon
Extensor
digitorum
longus;
FCR
Flexor carpi radialis;
Grac
Gracilis;
LAOM
Levator
anguli
oculi
medi-
alis;
LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis;
LLaMx
Levator
labii
maxil-
laris;
Malar
Malaris;
Mass
Masseter;
Omohy
Omohyoid;
Omotr
Omotransversarius;
OrOc
Orbicularis oculi; PecDe
Pectoralis
descendens; PecTr
Pectoralis
transversus; PerTe Peroneus
tertius;
PLig
Patellar ligament;
RecFe
Rectus
femorisi
Sart
Sartorius;
SerVC
Serratus ventralis
cervicis;
Stman
Sternomandibularis;
Stthh
Sternothyrohyoid;
Subcl
Subclavius; Supra
Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp
Temporalis;
TlbCr
Tibialis cra-
nialis; Trap
Trapezius;
TriLa
Triceps
brachii,
lateral head;
TriLo
Triceps
brachii,
long head; VasLa
Vfosfus
lateralis;
VasMe
Vosfus
mediatis;
Zyg
Zygomaticus.
HORSE
»
ANATOMY
115
BiFemLH
Biceps femoris,
long
head; BiFemSH Biceps femoris, short head; Brcph
Brachiocephalicus;
Delt
Deltoid;
ECR
Extensor carpi
radialis;
EDC
Extensor
digito-
rum
communis;
EDLat
Extensor
digitorum
lateralis;
FCR
Flexor carpi radialis; FCU-
HH
Flexor carpi
ulnaris,
humeral head;
FCU-UH
Flexor carpi
ulnaris,
ulnarhead;
FDP
Flexor digitorum
profundus;
FDS
Flexor digitorum
superficialis;
GasLa
Gastrocnemius,
lateral head;
GasMe
Gastronecmius,
medial head;
GluMe
Gluteus
medius;
GluSu
Gluteus superficialis;
Grac
Gracilis;
PecTr
Pectoralis
transversus;
Smemb
Semimembranosus;
Sol
Soleus;
Stend
Semitendinosus;
SusLi
Suspensory
ligament;
TenFA
Tensor
fasciae
antibrachii;
TenFL
Tensor
fasciae
latae;
TriLa
TWceps
brachii,
lateral head; TriLo
Tr/ceps
bratM,
/on#
/;ead;
TriMe
Triceps
brachii, medial head;
UlLat
Ulnaris lateralis;
VasLa
Vosfus
lateralis.
116
HORSE
»
ANATOMY
BiFemLH
Biceps femoris, long head;
Brcph
Brachiocephalicus;
Del
Re
Deltoid,
rear
portion;
DelSp
Deltoid,
spinal
portion;
ExAbO
External
abdominal
oblique;
GluMe
Gluteus
medius;
GluSu
Gluteus
superflcialis;
Infra
Infraspinatus;
LatDo
Latissimus
dorsi;
Longi
Longissimus;
Mass
Masseter;
NuLig
Nuchal ligament;
Omotr
Omotransversarius;
SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis;
SerVC
Serratus
ven-
tralis
cervicis;
Splen
Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus;
Subcl
Subclavius; Supra
Supraspinatus;
Temp
Temporalis;
Trap
Trapezius;
TriLo
Triceps
brachii,
long head.