Figure Drawing - Horse

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Horse (equid) characteristics: One digit per foot ending in symmetrical, horny hoof. Walks on very tip of toe. Elongated skull; large lower jaw. Large upper and lower incisors. In side view, neck widens as it approaches shoulder (elongated triangular shape). Mane present, upright on wild species. Tuft of hair often present on forehead ("forelock"). Rear profile of neck straight or arched. Pointed, upright ears. Long, slender limbs. Humerus and femur short; lower portion of limb long, especially forefoot and hind foot (adaptation for speed by shifting weight of muscles mass upward, close to the body). Ulna and fibula reduced...

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Nội dung Text: Figure Drawing - Horse

112 HORSE > ANATOMY anatomicaldrawings after ellenberger ashdown fromdissi Horse (equid) characteristics: One digit per foot ending in symmetrical, carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS horny hoof. Walks on very tip of toe. Elongated skull; large lower jaw. Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GluMe Gtuteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gradlis; Iliac Iliacus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Large upper and lower incisors. In side view, neck widens as it approaches InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LAOM Levator anguli oculi shoulder (elongated triangular shape). Mane present, upright on wild medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabi- species. Tuft of hair often present on forehead ("forelock"). Rear profile of alis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LngCa Longus capitis; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass neck straight or arched. Pointed, upright ears. Long, slender limbs. Masseter; NuLig Nuchal ligament; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; Humerus and femur short; lower portion of limb long, especially forefoot OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; OCCra Obliquus capitis cranialis; OrOc and hind foot (adaptation for speed by shifting weight of muscles mass Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicutaris oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe upward, close to the body). Ulna and fibula reduced and fused to adjacent, Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Pop Poptiteus; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; weight-supporting bones. Femur has projecting third trochanter on outer SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis side of shaft for attachment of the gluteus superficialis muscle. Barrel-like caudalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; trunk. Long hair on tail. In same group as tapirs and rhinoceroses. Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Spin & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; Subcl AbDlL Abductor digit! I longus; Adduc Adductor; AT Achilles' tendon; Bicep Subclavius; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; TeMin feres m/'nor; Biceps brachii; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH Biceps femoris, Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae tatae; short head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; Canin TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral Caninus; Coccy Coccygeus; DelRe Deltoid, rear portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal por- head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TrnAb Transversus abdominis; TrocS r/7/rd tion; Digas Digastric; DLaMn Depressor labii mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi trochanter; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vfasfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor
HORSE > ANATOMY 113 DEEP MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES
114 HORSE > ANATOMY AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Biceps femoris, short head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Pectoralis transversus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; PLig Patellar ligament; RecFe Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Cutan Cutaneous muscle; DelSp Deltoid, spinal por- Rectus femorisi Sart Sartorius; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; Stman tion; DiNAp Dilator naris apicalis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digi- Sternomandibularis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Subcl Subclavius; Supra torum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TlbCr Tibialis cra- longus; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; Grac Gracilis; LAOM Levator anguli oculi medi- nialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, alis; LatNa Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxil- long head; VasLa Vfosfus lateralis; VasMe Vosfus mediatis; Zyg Zygomaticus. laris; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr
HORSE » ANATOMY 115 BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; BiFemSH Biceps femoris, short head; Brcph Suspensory ligament; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae Brachiocephalicus; Delt Deltoid; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digito- latae; TriLa TWceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Tr/ceps bratM, /on# /;ead; TriMe rum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU- Triceps brachii, medial head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vosfus lateralis. HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastronecmius, medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus; SusLi
116 HORSE » ANATOMY BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Del Re Deltoid, Omotr Omotransversarius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ven- rear portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; tralis cervicis; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Subcl Subclavius; Supra GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superflcialis; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Supraspinatus; Temp Temporalis; Trap Trapezius; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head. Latissimus dorsi; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; NuLig Nuchal ligament;
HORSE > PHOTOGRAPHS 117 THOROUGHBRED; 5 YEARS OLD (MALE) THOROUGHBRED; 5 YEARS OLD (MALE) THOROUGHBRED; 2 YEARS OLD (MALE)
118 HORSE + CROSS SECTIONS drawing not to ccross sectinons after ellenberoter
HORSE + CROSS SECTIONS 119 FORELIMB HIND LIMB Adduc Adductor; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFemLH Biceps femoris, long head; cervicis; Mult Multifidus; NuLig /Vuc/70/ ligament; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr BiFemSH Biceps femoris, short head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Omotransversarius; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; PecAs Pectoralis ascen- C2 Second cervical vertebra; C6 Sixth cervical vertebra; Corac Coracobrachialis; dens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; Pert Pectineus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor PerTe Peroneus tertius; Rad Radius; RecAb flecfus abdominis; RecFe flecft/s digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; Esoph Esophagus; ExAbO femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus medius; SemCa External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; Semispinalis capitis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis FD1L Flexor digit! I longus; FDLon Flexor digitorum longus; FDP Flexor digitorum cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; SpiCe profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Fern Femur; Gastr Gastrocnemius; Spinatis cervicis; Spin Spinalis; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy GluMe Gluteus medius; Grac Gracilis; Hum Humerus; IlioC Iliocostalis cervicis; Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Intcs Intercostals; Inttr Sternothyroid; SusLi Suspensory ligament; T9 W/nf/j thoracic vertebra; Ten FA Intertransversarii; }ui$/Jugular vein; IA Fourth lumbar vertebra; LatDo Latissimus Tensor fasciae antibrachii; Tib r/Wo; TibCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cra- dorsi; LngCa Longus capitis; LngCo Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; nialis; Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe Longissimus cervicis; Longi Longissimus; Mass Tr/ceps bracM, Jo/70 fteod; TriMe Tr/ceps brac/7/7, merf/o/ /?eod; TmAb Transversus Masseter; MePte /Wed/o/ pterygoid; MetcL lorge metacarpal; MetcS Sma// abdominis; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; Vasln Vfasfus intermedius; VasLa Vfasfus /afer- metacarpal; MettL /.orge metatarsal; MettS Sma// metatarsal; MulCe Multifidus a//s; VasMe Vosfc/s medialis.