325
PHUÏ LUÏC
1. Boäi soá vaø öôùc soá cuûa heä ñôn vò SI (Heä thoáng ño löôøng quoác teá – System International)
(theo TCVN 2737 – 1995)
Tt Teân ñôn vò ño Kyù hieäu Ñoä lôùn Dieãn giaûi
01 giga G 109 1.000.000.000
02 mega M 106 1.000.000
03 kilo k 103 1.000
04 hecto h 102 100
05 deca da 101 10
06 deci d 10 – 1 0,1
07 centi c 10 – 2 0,01
08 mili m 10 – 3 0,001
09 micro
µ
10 – 6 0,000.001
10 nano n 10 – 9 0,000.000.001
2 . Chuyeån ñoåi ñôn vò thoâng thöôøng (theo TCVN 2737 – 1995):
Tt
Ñaïi löôïng Teân ñôn vò ño Kyù hieäu Chuyeån ñoåi
kilomet km 1km = 1000m
met m 1m = 10dm = 100cm = 1000mm
decimet dm 1dm = 0,1m
centimet cm 1cm = 0,01m
01
Chieàu daøi
milimet mm 1mm = 0,001m
kilomet vuoâng km2 1km2 = 1.000.000m2 = 100ha = 10.000a
hecta ha 1ha = 10.000m2 = 100a
met vuoâng m2 1m2 = 100dm2
decimet vuoâng dm2 1dm2 = 100cm2
02
Dieän tích
centimet vuoâng cm2 1cm2 = 100mm2
met khoái m3 1m3 = 1000dm3 = 1.000.000 cm3 = 1000 lít
decimet khoái dm3 1dm3 = 1 lít
hectolit hl 1hl = 10dal = 100 lít
decalit dal 1dal = 10 lít
03
Theå tích
lit l 1l = 1dm3
kilomet/giôø km/h 1km/h = 0,27(7)m/s ≈ 0,278m/s
04
Toác ñoä met/giaây m/s 1m/s = 3,6 km/h
taán T 1T = 10taï = 100yeán = 1000kg = 1.000.000g
kilogam kg 1kg = 1000g
gam g 1g = 1000mg
05
Khoái löôïng
miligam mg 1mg = 0,001g
mega niutôn MN 1MN = 1.000.000N
kilo niutôn kN 1kN = 1000N
niutôn N 1N = 0,10194 kG ≈ 0,1 kG
taán löïc Tf 1Tf = 9,81kN ≈ 10kN
kilogram löïc kgf 1kgf = 9,81N ≈ 10N; 9,81N = 1kg.m/s2
06
Löïc
(khoái löôïng
x gia toác)
kilogram löïc kG 1kG = 9,81N ≈ 10N; 1kG = 1kg.m/s2
troïng löôïng rieâng kgf/m3 1kgf/m3 = 9,81N/m3 ≈ 10N/m3
07
Troïng
löôïng/theå tích troïng löôïng rieâng Tf/m3 1Tf/m3 = 9,81kN/m3 ≈ 10kN/m3
326
2 . Chuyeån ñoåi ñôn vò thoâng thöôøng (theo TCVN 2737 – 1995) (tieáp theo):
Tt
Ñaïi löôïng Teân ñôn vò ño Kyù hieäu Chuyeån ñoåi
pascal Pa 1Pa = 1N/m2;
kgf/cm2 1kgf/cm2 = 9,81.104N/m2 ≈ 0,1MN/m2
kgf/m2 1kgf/m2 = 9,81N/m2 = 9,81Pa
daN/m2 1daN/m2 = 10N/m2 ≈ 9,81Pa
08
Aùp suaát, öùng suaát
(löïc/dieän tích)
[1at = Aùp löïc cuûa 1 coät
nöôùc cao 10 meùt coù tieát dieän
ngang 1cm2 ôû 40C] atmotphe at 1at = 1kgf/cm2 = 10Tf/m2
ñoä Kelvin oK 0oK = – 273,15oC 09
Nhieät ñoä ñoä Celcius oC 0oC = + 273,15oK
megajule MJ 1MJ = 1.000.000J
kilojule kJ 1kJ = 1000J = 0,239 kcalo
jule J 1J = 1Nm
milijule mJ 1mJ = 0,001J
kilocalo kcalo 1kcalo = 427kG.m = 1,1636Wh
10
Naêng löôïng, coâng, nhieät
löôïng.
maõ löïc giôø hp.h 1hp.h = 270.000 kG.m = 632kcalo
megaoat MW 1MW = 1.000.000W
kilooat kW 1kW = 1.000W = 1000J/s
1kW = 1,36 hp = 0,239kcalo/s
maõ löïc hp 1hp = 0,735kW
oat W 1W = 1J/s
11
Coâng suaát
(Naêng löôïng/thôøi gian)
milioat mW 1mW = 0,001W
12
Taàn soá (chu kyø/giaây) hec Hz 1Hz = 1s-1
3 . Chuyeån ñoåi ñôn vò Anh sang heä SI :
Tt
Ñaïi löôïng Teân ñôn vò ño Kyù hieäu Chuyeån ñoåi sang heä SI
mile daëm Anh mile 1mile = 1609m
yard thöôùc Anh yd 1yd = 0,9144m
foot boä Anh ft 1ft = 0,3048m
01
Chieàu daøi
inch phaân Anh in 1in = 2,54cm
square mile daëm vuoâng sq.mile 1sq.mile = 259ha = 2.590.000m2
acre maãu vuoâng ac 1ac = 4047m2
square yard thöôùc vuoâng sq.yd 1sq.yd = 0,836m2
02
Dieän tích
square foot boä vuoâng sq.ft 1sq.ft = 0,0929m2
cubic yard thöôùc khoái cu.yd 1cu.yd = 0,7646m3
cubic foot boä khoái cu.ft 1cu.ft = 28,32dm3
03
Theå tích
cubic inch phaân khoái Anh cu.in 1cu.in = 16,387cm3
long ton tn.lg 1tn.lg = 1016kg
short ton tn.sh 1tn.sh = 907,2kg
pound lb 1lb = 0,454kg
04
Khoái löôïng
ounce oz = 28,350g
4. Löu yù ñôn vò ño aùp suaát, öùng suaát, [14], [08].
Tt Caùc quoác gia thöôøng duøng
Kyù hieäu Chuyeån ñoåi
kG/mm2 1kG/mm2 = 9,81.106Pa = 9,81MPa ≈ 10MPa
01 1kΓ/mm2 (theo ΓΟСТ) =
1kG/mm2 = 1kgf/mm2 kG/mm2 1kG/mm2 = 9,81N/mm2 ≈ 10N/mm2
02 Theo SI MPa 1MPa = 106N/m2 = 10daN/cm2 ≈ 10kG/cm2
psi 1psi = 6,9.103Pa
03 Myõ duøng tröôùc ñaây ksi 1ksi = 6,9.106Pa = 6,9MPa ≈ 0,703kG/mm2
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5. Chuyeån ñoåi heä Anh – Myõ sang heä meùt vaø ngöôïc laïi.
Heä Anh - Myõ Heä meùt Baûng chuyeån ñoåi
Ñaïi
löôïng Teân ñôn vò ño Kyù hieäu Teân ñôn vò
ño
Kyù
hieäu
Heä Anh – Myõ
sang heä meùt
Heä meùt sang
Heä Anh – Myõ
inch in milimetre mm 1 in = 25,4mm 1 cm = 0,394 in
centimetre cm 1 cm = 10 mm
foot ft centimetre cm 1 ft = 30,5cm 1 m = 3,28ft
metre m 1 m = 1000 mm
yard yd metre m 1 yd = 0,914m 1 m = 1,09yd
Ñoä
daøi
mile mile kilometre km 1 mile = 1,61km 1 km = 0,62mile
fluid ounce UK ft.oz UK
mililitre ml 1 ft.oz (UK) = 28,4ml 1 ml = 0,035fl.oz (UK)
pint UK pt.UK mililitre ml 1 pint. UK = 568ml 1 l = 1,76 pint (UK)
litre l
gallon UK gal.UK litre l 1 gal. UK = 4,55L 1 m3 = 220gallon (UK)
fluid ounce US mililitre ml 1 ft.oz (US) = 29,6ml 1 ml = 0,034fl.oz (US)
pint US ft.oz US mililitre ml 1 pint. (US) = 473ml 1 l = 2.11pt (US)
pt.US litre l
Dung
tích
gallon US gal. US litre l 1 gallon (US) = 3,79 l 1 l = 9,264 gallon (US)
ounce oz gram g 1 oz = 28,3 g 1 g = 0,035 oz
pound lb gram g 1 lb = 454 g 1 kg = 2,20 lb
kilogram kg
ton ton tonne t 1 ton = 1,02tonne 1 tonne
= 0,984 ton
tael tael gram g 1 tael = 37,8 g 1 g = 0,026 tael
catty catty kilogram kg 1 catty = 0,605 kg
1 kg = 1,65 catties
Khoái
löôïng
picul picul kilogram kg 1 picul = 60,5 kg 1 kg = 0,017 picul
British thermal unit Btu kilojoule kJ 1 Btu = 1,06 kJ 1 kJ = 0,948 Btu
therm therm megajoule MJ 1 therm = 106 MJ 1 MJ = 9,48 x 103 therm
Naêng
löôïng calorie (dietidian) Cal kilojoule kJ 1 Cal (dietician) = 4 kJ 1 kJ = 0,23 Cal (dietician)
6. Caùc ñaëc tröng vaät lyù cuûa vaät lieäu cho keát caáu theùp.
Tt Kyù hieäu
thöôøng duøng Caùc ñaëc tröng vaät lyù cuûa vaät lieäu Giaù trò cuûa ñaïi löôïng Ñôn vò ño
A p, γ Tyû troïng kG/m3
01 Theùp caùn vaø khoái ñuùc baèng theùp 7850 kG/m3
02 Khoái ñuùc baèng gang 7200 kG/m3
B α Heä soá daõn daøi vì nhieät 0,12.10-4 oC-1
C E Moâ ñun ñaøn hoài MΠa (kG/cm2)
01 Theùp caùn vaø khoái ñuùc baèng theùp 2,06.105 (2,10.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
02 Khoái ñuùc baèng gang maùc CЧ15 0,83.105 (0,85.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
03 Khoái ñuùc baèng gang maùc CЧ20, CЧ25, CЧ30 0,98.105 (1,00.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
04 Caùc chuøm hoaëc boù theùp song song 1,96.105 (2,00.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
05 Caùp theùp xoaén vaø caùp theùp xoaén coù lôùp boïc ngoaøi 1,67.105 (1,70.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
06 Caùp theùp beän ñoâi 1,47.105 (1,50.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
07 Caùp theùp beän ñoâi coù loõi khoâng phaûi kim loaïi 1,27.105 (1,30.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
D G Moâ ñun ñaøn hoài tröôït cuûa theùp vaø khoái ñuùc baèng theùp 0,78.105 (0,81.106) MΠa (kG/cm2)
G
µ
Heä soá nôû ngang (heä soá Poaùt xoâng) 0,3
Chuù thích: Trò soá moâ ñun ñaøn hoài ôû baûng naøy cuûa caùc daây caùp öùng vôùi khi noù ñöôïc keùo caêng khoâng nhoû
hôn 60% löïc keùo ñöùt toaøn boä daây caùp.
328
7. Chuyeån ñoåi ñôn vò töø heä Anh-Myõ sang heä SI khi caàn ñoä chính xaùc cao.
Tt Ñaïi löôïng Ñôn vò U.S.
hoaëc MKS Trò soá chuyeån ñoåi sang heä SI
01 Dieän tích ft2 1 ft2 = 9,290 304.10 – 2 (*) m2
02 in2 1 in2 = 6,451 600.102 (*) mm2
03 Moâmen lbf – in 1 lbf – in = 1,129 848.10 – 1 Nm
04 kgf – m 1 kgf – m = 9,806 650 (*) Nm
05 Khoái löôïng rieâng
lb/in3 1 lb/in3 = 2,767 990.104 kg/m3
06 ft – lbf 1 ft – lbf = 1,355 818 J
07 in – lbf 1 in – lbf = 1,129 848.10 – 1 J
08 kcal 1 kcal = 4,186 800.103 (*) J
09
Naêng löôïng,
coâng,
nhieät löôïng.
kgf – m 1 kgf – m = 9,806 650 (*) J
10 Löïc lbf 1 lbf = 4,448 222 N
11 tonf (long) 1 tonf (long) = 9,964 017.103 N
12 kgf 1 kgf = 9,806 650 (*) N
13 tonf (metric) 1 tonf (metric) = 9,806 650.103 (*) N
14 Chieàu daøi fathom 1 fathom = 1,828 800 m
15 ft 1 ft = 3,048 000.10 – 1 (*) m
16 in 1 in = 2,540 000.101 (*) mm
17 Khoái löôïng lb 1 lb = 4,535 924.10 – 1 kg
18 ton (long) 1 ton (long) = 1,016 047.103 kg
19 ton (metric) 1 ton (metric) = 1,000 000.103 kg
20 Goùc degree (ñoä) 1 ñoä = π/180 rad
21 Coâng suaát hp 1 hp = 7,456 999.102 W
22 hp (metric) 1 hp (metric) = 7,354 990.102 W
23 psi 1 psi = 6,894 757.103 Pa (hoaëc N/m2)
24
AÙp suaát, öùng
suaát 1 psi = 6,894 757.10 – 3 N/mm2
25 tonf (long)/in2 1 tonf (long)/in2 = 1,544 426.107 Pa (hoaëc N/m2)
26 1 tonf (long)/in2 = 1,544 426.101 N/mm2
27 kgf/cm2 1 kgf/cm2 = 9,806 650.104 (*) Pa (hoaëc N/m2)
28 kgf/mm2 1 kgf/mm2 = 9,806 650.106 (*) Pa (hoaëc N/m2)
29 Nhieät ñoä oF 1 oF = (0F – 32)/1,8 (*) oC
30 Toác ñoä knot (kn) 1 knot (kn) = 0,514 444 m/sec
31 Theå tích ft3 1 ft3 = 2,831 685.10 – 2 m3
32 gallon (liquid) 1 gallon (liquid) = 3,785 412.10 – 3 m3
33 1 gallon (liquid) = 3,785 412 lít
34 in3 1 in3 = 1,638 706.104 mm3
Ghi chuù: Trò soá coù ñaùnh daáu (*) laø trò soá chính xaùc.
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