LPI-102: Junior Level Administration

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(NB) The Linux Documentation, Managing Users, Shells, Scripting, Programming and Compiling, Boot, Initialization, Shutdown and Runlevels, The Linux Kernel, System Logging and Automation,... As the main contents of the document "LPI-102: Junior Level Administration". Invite you to refer to the lecture content more learning materials and research.

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Nội dung Text: LPI-102: Junior Level Administration

LPI-102 Junior Level Administration Exam: 117-102 Lưu hành nội bộ Version 2.0
INDEX Chapter 1 The Linux Documentation Chapter 2 Managing Users Chapter 3 Shells, Scripting, Programming and Compiling Chapter 4 Boot, Initialization, Shutdown and Runlevels Chapter 5 The Linux Kernel Chapter 6 System Logging and Automation Chapter 7 Maintain system Chapter 8 Printing Chapter 9 Networking Fundamentals Chapter 10 Networking Services, Part 1 Chapter 11 Networking Services, Part 2 Chapter 12 Distributed File System Chapter 13 Network Security
Linux Junior Level Administration - LPI 102 Chapter 1 The Linux Documentation Last updated: 26 December 2003 1 2004, SaigonCTT All rights reserved 1
Objectives • Use and manage local system documentation • Find Linux documentation on the Internet • Notify users on system-related issues 2 Last updated: 26 December 2003 LPI Topics 1.108.1 Use and manage local system documentation This objective includes finding relevant man pages, searching man page sections, finding commands and man pages related to them, and configuring access to man sources and the man system. It also includes using system documentation stored in /usr/share/doc/ and determining what documentation to keep in /usr/share/doc/. 1.108.2 Find Linux documentation on the Internet This objective includes using Linux documentation at sources such as the Linux Documentation Project (LDP), vendor and third-party websites, newsgroups, newsgroup archives, and mailing lists. 1.108.5 Notify users on system-related issues This objective includes automating the communication process, e.g. through logon messages. 2
Different sources of help • man, xman • info, xinfo • /usr/share/doc/howto • /usr/share/doc/packages 3 Last updated: 26 December 2003 Linux Documentation Project which is responsible for: –ManPages –FAQs –HOWTOs –Tutorials 3
Man pages and the man command • You can get information about most commands. • Man pages contains: – Object name – Synopsis and description – List and definition of all options – Environment and parameters • Related commands are listed at the end of the man page. 4 Last updated: 26 December 2003 Man page structure: 1. NAME 2. SYNOPSIS 3. DESCRIPTION 4. OPTIONS 5. EXIT CODE 6. CONFORMING TO 7. FILES 8. BUGS 9. SEE ALSO 10.AUTHOR 4
Man pages and the man command man [options] [section] command_name – Used to look up certain commands and their use. – Man pages are divided in 9 sections 5 Last updated: 26 December 2003 5
man page sections 1 Information on executables 2 System calls 3 Library calls, e.g stdio 4 Devices (files in /dev) 5 Configuration files and formats 6 Games 7 Macro packages 8 Administration commands 9 Kernel routines 6 Last updated: 26 December 2003 To view a particular section of the man pages, include the section number with the man command and the term you are looking for: man Note: When no type is given, the type search sequence until one is found is: 1,8,2,3,4,5,6,7,9 6
Scrolling in Man pages • Spacebar Move forward one screen • Return Move forward one line •b Move back one screen •f Move forward one screen •q Quit the man command • /string Find forward • ?string Find back •n Find the next occurrence of string •h Help more 7 Last updated: 26 December 2003 Example: $ man 8 mount –displays the mount administration command $ man 2 mount –displays the mount system call man -a command –Display all the man page for the command . They are displayed one after the other, each one being terminated with 'q'. 7
Files, programs and variables • /usr/bin/mandb – Program to create or update the man page caches. • MANPATH – Contains the PATHs where mandb looks while indexing pages. • /usr/bin/manpath – Program to display the paths searched for man pages. • /etc/manpath.config – mandb configuration file. 8 Last updated: 26 December 2003 • man can be searched in multiple directories by setting the MANPATH variable. MANPATH=/usr/man:/usr/X11R6/man:/usr/share/man •If the MANPATH is not set then man will assume /usr/man (Redhat: /usr/share/man) 8
Files, programs and variables • /usr/share/man/index.(bt|db|dir|pag) – A traditional global 'whatis' index database cache. • /var/cache/man/index.(bt|db|dir|pag) – Alternate/FHS compliant global 'whatis' index database cache. 9 Last updated: 26 December 2003 9
Locations of man pages • /usr/man/* – Old location of man pages • /usr/share/man/* – A global manual page hierarchy. • /usr/local/man/* – Extra man pages for user commands • /usr/local/share/man/* – Extra man pages for user commands • /usr/X11R6/man/* – X11 Applications man pages 10 Last updated: 26 December 2003 10
Locations of man pages • /usr/X11R6/man/* – X11 Applications man pages • /opt/gnome/man/* – Gnome Desktop applications man pages • /opt/kde3/man/* – KDE Desktop applications man pages • /usr/openwin/man/* – Openwindows Desktop applications man pages • /var/cache/man/* – catman pages files and index of manpages 11 Last updated: 26 December 2003 Note: –Most man pages in these directories are classified in subdirectories by their respective type (sections) as in ..../man1/ ..../man2/ –The man pages are normally in compressed (.gz) GROFF source format. They are decompressed automatically before the page is displayed. –The cat pages are preformatted text man pages including the formatting characters. They are normally saved in .../cat1 .../cat2 .... directories. 11
PAGER variable • The man pages use a display mode as less by default. • Change display mode by change the PAGER environment variable value. • Example: – less mode: export PAGER=/usr/bin/less – more mode export PAGER=/usr/bin/more 12 Last updated: 26 December 2003 12
apropos command apropos topic – Searches short descriptions for the topic in the keywords – Same result as: man -k topic • Example $ apropos password chage (1) - change user password expiry information chpasswd (8) - update password file in batch crypt (3) - password and data encryption endpwent [getpwent] (3) - get password file entry 13 Last updated: 26 December 2003 This command searches whatis database to get result. So, you must create whatis database first. # makewhatis 13
whatis command whatis command – Searches the man page keywords and presents the first short description of the command. – Same result as: man -f command • Example $ whatis password password: nothing appropriate $ whatis passwd passwd (1) - update a user's authentication tokens(s) passwd (5) - password file passwd [sslpasswd] (1ssl) - compute password hashes 14 Last updated: 26 December 2003 The exact command must be found otherwise nothing is displayed. It displays the single line description found in the manpage. It first searches in the man page index and then its own database if the man page index file is not found. You must create whatis database first. # makewhatis 14
info Command info [section] [command] – Info pages are supposed to have more information than the man pages. – Some individuals write a short description of their programs in the man pages and a longer one in the info pages. • Example $ info passwd • Read passwd command info. $ info 5 passwd • View passwd file info. 15 Last updated: 26 December 2003 Not all man pages are being maintained and are therefore out of date, so info yields more current information. Some topics treated in info are not discussed in man at all, info also uses hypertext links, so it is a more powerful utility. Navigation through info pages: move forward, Page-Down-Key move backward, Page-Up-Key b begin of node e end of node u up node n next node p previous node d directory s search * find l last text displayed h help 15
Find Linux documentation on the Internet • http://www.tldp.org – Linux Documentation Project • The Linux Documentation Project web site. Contains Handbooks, Books, HOWTOs, FAQs and lots more. • http://www.linux.org/docs/ – The official Linux web site with more Documentation and links to other Linux web sites. • http://www.google.com/linux – Google search engine for linux 16 Last updated: 26 December 2003 16