LPI-201: Intermediate Level Administration

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(NB) The Linux Kernel, Hardware Management, Linux System Startup, Linux Filesystem, RAID and LVM, File Sharing and Services - NFS, File Sharing and Services - Samba, Recovering a Linux System,... As the main contents of the document "LPI-201: Intermediate Level Administration". Invite you to refer to the lecture content more learning materials and research.

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LPI-201 Intermediate Level Administration Exam: 117-201 Lưu hành nội bộ SaigonCTT – V1.0
INDEX Chapter 1 The Linux Kernel Chapter 2 Hardware Management Chapter 3 Linux System Startup Chapter 4 Linux Filesystem Chapter 5 RAID and LVM Chapter 6 File Sharing and Services - NFS Chapter 7 File Sharing and Services - Samba Chapter 8 Recovering a Linux System Chapter 9 Part1: Regular Expression Chapter 9 Part2: Perl Language Chapter 9 Part3: System Logging Automation Chapter 10 Troubleshooting
Intermediate Level Administration – LPI 201 Chapter 1 Linux Kernel Last updated: 02 March 2004 1 2004, SaigonCTT All rights reserved © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 1
Objectives • Kernel Terminology • Kernel Components • Compiling a Kernel • Patching a Kernel • Customizing a Kernel 2 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 2
Kernel Terminology • Kernel – A binary file which is created as a result of compiling the kernel sources. • Kernel sources – large collection of text files mostly written in the C programming language. • Vendor kernel – A kernel that has been patched by a vendor (i.e. Red Hat or Debian). • Patch – A set of instructions to modify a file or set of files from an old version to a new one. 3 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 3
Kernel Components • Different types of kernel images – monolithic kernel • contains all the driver code • does not need the assistance of modules – kernel image is compressed to save space • make zImage • make bzImage 4 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 4
Kernel Components • Identifying stable and development kernels – Kernel version are made by three basic components: • The major number • The minor number • The micro number (patch number) – There is the fourth number • Sometimes applied after a dash is generally the patch level , applied by kernel maintainers – The minor number is even = stable version – The minor number is odd = development version. Ex : 2 . 4 . 18 - 10 5 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 5
Kernel Modules • insmod – Install & binding a module to kernel.You can customize module loadtime parameters in /etc/modules.conf or /etc/conf.modules • rmmod – Unload a module from kernel • modinfo – Details about a module’s description • modprobe – Load a set of modules either a single module a stack of dependent modules or all modules that are marked with a specified tag ( Package : modutils ) 6 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 6
Special Kernels • Symmetric Multi Processing kernels - smp – Support Multi Processors (>1 ) Ex: kernel-smp-2.4.21.0.1.EL.i386.rpm • Support large memory ( >4Gb) Ex: kernel-bigmem-2.4.20-31.9.i386.rpm 7 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 7
Compiling a Kernel • Prepare software utilities • Getting the kernel sources • Creating a .config file • Compiling the kernel • Installing the new kernel • The mkinitrd command 8 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 8
Software Utilities • make – Determines which pieces of a large program need to be recompiled and compile them. – Executes commands in Makefile (sometime named makefile) to update programs or module components • C/gcc : – C compiler integrated into gcc • binutils: – a collection of binary utilities • gas(assembler), ld(likner),nm, ranlib, objdump, … 9 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 9
Getting the Kernel sources • The latest Linux kernel sources at: http://www.kernel.org 10 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 10
The Source Tree • Kernel source released as a zipped tar file Ex: linux-2.4.29.tar.bz2 • NEVER unpack your kernel sources directly into /usr/src/linux # tar xjvf linux-2.4.29.tar.bz2 –C /usr/src/ 11 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 11
The Source Tree • Subdirectories in the source tree : /usr/src/linux/ arch ipc crypto kernel Documentation lib drivers mm fs net include scripts init • This is the structure that most kernel sources will follow. 12 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 12
Creating a .config file • Create new .config file – make config or – make menuconfig or – make xconfig • Create from exists .config file – Copy exists .config file to /usr/src/linux/ – make oldconfig or – make menuconfig with load exists config file. • The results of all of these choices are stored in: /usr/src/linux/.config 13 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 13
Creating a .config file • Verify : allow load modules # cat .config | grep -i module # Loadable module support CONFIG_MODULES=y • Verify : support ext3 # cat .config | grep -i ext3 CONFIG_EXT3_FS=m CONFIG_EXT3_INDEX=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR_SHARING=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS_XATTR_USER=y CONFIG_EXT3_FS_POSIX_ACL=y 14 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 14
make menuconfig Interface 15 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 15
make xconfig Interface 16 Last updated: 06 December 2004 _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ © Summer 2004, The Saigon Center of Techniques and Technology LPI 201 – Intermediate Level Administration – The Linux Kernel> - 16