GERUND
TO-INFINITIVE
1. Cách s d ng
Cách dùng To-infinitive:
ử ụ
sau đ
c theo sau tr c ti p b i to-infinitive
: her hobby is painting.
ở
ộ
ữ
ượ
ự ế
: He was accused of smuggling. : avoid, mind, enjoy,...
• Là ch ng c a câu: dancing bored him. ủ ữ ủ • B ng c a đ ng t ổ ữ ủ ộ ừ • Là b ng : Seeing is believing. ổ ữ i t • Sau gi ớ ừ • Sau m t vài đ ng t ộ
ừ
ộ
2. M t s cách dùng đ c bi
ộ ố
ặ
t ệ
:
sau đ
c theo sau b i V-ing
ộ
ở
ữ
ừ
1. Verb + to do Nh ng đ ng t : agree, ừ appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, be determined, fail, endeavour, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, remember, seem, tend, threaten, try, volunteer, expect, want, mean,... Ex: - She agreed to pay $50. - Two men failed to return from the expedition. - The remants refused to leave. - She volunteered to help the disabled. - He learnt to look after himself.
:
s d ng công th c này là
ộ
ữ
ừ ử ụ
+ Nh ng đ ng t ượ admit, avoid, delay, enjoy, excuse, condiser, deny, finish, imagine, forgive, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, risk, stop, remember, forget, regret, suggest, like, propose, detest, dread, resent, pardon, try, fancy. Ex: - He admitted taking the money. - Would you consider selling the property? - He kept complaining. - He didn't want to risk getting wet.
2. Verb + how/what/when/where/which/why + to do Nh ng đ ng t ứ ask, decide, discover, find out, forget, know, learn, remember, see, show, think, understand, want to know, wonder... Ex: - He discovered how to open the safe. - I found out where to buy fruit cheaply. - She couldn't think what to say. - I showed her which button to press.
+ Verbs + prepositions: apologize for, accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate on, suspectof, look forward to, dream of, succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove of...
:
theo công th c này là
ộ
ứ
ừ
ữ
ụ
ữ
ừ ư: nh
3. Verb + Object + to do Nh ng đ ng t advise, allow, enable, encourage, forbid, force, hear, instruct, invite, let, order, permit, persuade, request, remind, see, train, urge, want, tempt... Ex: - These glasses will enable you to see in the dark. - She encouraged me to try again. - They forbade her to leave the house. - They persuaded us to go with them.
nguyên th và V-ing, hãy so sánh s khác ừ có th đi cùng v i c đ ng t ớ ả ộ ể ừ ự ể ữ ề
+ Gerund cũng theo sau nh ng c m t - It's no use / It's no good... - There's no point ( in)... - It's ( not) worth ... - Have difficult ( in) ... - It's a waste of time/ money ... - Spend/ waste time/money ... - Be/ get used to ... - Be/ get accustomed to ... - Do/ Would you mind ... ? - be busy doing something - What about ... ? How about ...? - Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming... ) : M t s đ ng t * Note ộ ố ộ nhau v ý nghĩa gi Stop Ving: d ng làm gì (d ng h n)
chúng. ừ ừ ẳ
Stop to do: d ng l i đ làm vi c gì ừ ạ ể ệ
Ex:
- Stop smoking: d ng hút thu c. ừ ố
- Stop to smoke: d ng l ừ ạ ể i đ hút thu c ố
i – t ng lai) Remember/forget/regret to do: nh /quên/ti c s ph i làm gì ( hi n t ớ ở ệ ạ ế ẽ ả ươ
Remember/forget/regret Ving: nh /quên/ti c đã làm gì ( quá kh ) ứ ế ớ ở
Ex:
- Remember to send this letter (hãy nh g i b c th này) ớ ử ứ ư
- Don’t forget to buy flowers (đ ng quên mua hoa nhé) ừ
ấ ế ả ằ - I regret to inform you that the train was cancelled (tôi r t ti c ph i báo tin – cho anh r ng chuy n ế tàu đã b h y) ị ủ
- I paid her $2. I still remember that. I still remember paying her $2. (tôi nh đã tr cô y 2 đô la r i) ả ấ ớ ồ
- She will never forget meeting the Queen. (cô y không bao gi ấ ờ quên l n g p n hoàng) ặ ữ ầ
ố ế ấ - He regrets leaving school early. It is the biggest mistake in his life. (Anh y h i ti c vì đã b h c ỏ ọ quá s m)ớ
Try to do: c g ng làm gì ố ắ
Try Ving: th làm gì ử
Ex:
- I try to pass the exam. (tôi c g ng v t qua kỳ thi) ố ắ ượ
- You should try unlocking the door with this key. (b n nên th m c a v i chi c khóa này) ử ở ử ế ạ ớ
Like Ving: Thích làm gì vì nó thú v , hay, cu n hút, làm đ th ng th c. ể ườ ố ị ứ
Like to do: làm vi c đó vì nó là t ệ ố t và c n thi ầ t ế
Ex:
- I like watching TV.
- I want to have this job. I like to learn English.
Prefer Ving to Ving
Prefer + to do smt + rather than (do) smt
Ex:
- I prefer driving to traveling by train.
- I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.
Need to do: c n làm gì ầ
Need doing: c n đ c làm gì (= need to be done) ầ ượ
Ex:
- I need to go to school today.
- Your hair needs cutting. (= your hair needs to be cut)
Used to do: đã t ng/th ng làm gì trong quá kh (bây gi không làm n a) ừ ườ ứ ờ ữ
Be/Get used to Ving: quen v i vi c gì ( hi n t i) ở ệ ạ ớ ệ
Ex:
- I used to get up early when I was young. (Tôi th ườ ng d y s m khi còn tr ) ẻ ậ ớ
- I’m used to getting up early. (Tôi quen v i vi c d y s m r i) ớ ệ ậ ồ ớ
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Object + todo: khuyên/cho phép/ đ ngh ai làm gì. ề ị
Advise/allow/permit/recommend + Ving: khuyên/cho phép, đ ngh làm gì. ề ị
Ex:
- He advised me to apply at once.
- He advised applying at once.
- They don’t allow us to park here.
- They don’t allow parking here.
c s d ng khi ng i nói ch ấ ượ ử ụ ườ ỉ See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + Ving: c u trúc này đ ch ng ki n 1 ph n c a hành đ ng. ầ ủ ứ ế ộ
c s d ng khi ng ấ ượ ử ụ ườ ứ i nói ch ng See/hear/smell/feel/notice/watch + Object + V: c u trúc này đ ki n toàn b hành đ ng. ộ ế ộ
Ex:
- I see him passing my house everyday.
- She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
- We saw him leave the house.
- I heard him make arrangements for his journey.
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or present progressive)
to the movies.
1. Look! Sara (go) is going
her handbag.
2. On her right hand, Sara (carry) is carrying
very beautiful.
3. The handbag (be) is
white
4. Sara usually (put) puts
on black shoes but now she (wear) is wearing
trainers.
5. And look, she (take) is taking
an umbrella because it (rain) is raining
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or past perfect)
1. When he (wake up) woke up
, his mother (already /prepare) had already prepared
breakfast
us
2. We (go) went
to London because our friends (invite) had invited
a friend.
3. He (hear) heard
the news, (go) went to the telephone and (call) called
4. When she (start) started
learning English she (already /learn) had already learned
French.
three pages when her computer
5. Jane (already / type) had already typed
. (crash) crashed
.
6. By the time the doctor (arrive) arrived
at the house the patient ( die) had died
of traveling to Japan.
7. Before that day we (never / think) had never thought
8.
his family. I (know) had known him a long time before I (meet) met
them.
9. They (not / know) did not know
where to meet because nobody (tell) had told
to rain.
10. It (be) had been / 'd been
cloudy for days before it (begin) began
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect).
1.
my homework. I (just / finish) have just finished
five letters.
2. Mary (already / write) has already written
to his home town in 1994.
3. Tom (move) moved
in Canada two years ago.
4. My friend (be) was
5.
to Canada so far. I (not / be) have not been
to London a couple of times.
6. But I (already / travel) have already traveled
to the cinema.
7. Last week, Mary and Paul (go) went
8.
a new film yet. I can't take any pictures because I (not /buy) have not bought
9.
their holidays in Paris last summer? (they / spend) Did they spend
a whale?
10. (you / ever / see ) Have you ever seen
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).
them to fill in the
1. The receptionist (welcome) welcomed
the guests and (ask) asked
form
to walk home.
2. The car (break) broke
down and we (have) had
.
3. The boys (swim) were swimming
while the girls (sunbath) were sunbathing
me to tidy up my room.
4. My father (come) came
in, (look) looked and (tell) told
5. While one group (prepare) was preparing
dinner the others (collect) were collecting
wood for the campfire.
6. While the parents (have) were having
breakfast the children (run) were running
about.
to bed.
7. Martha (turn) turned
off the light and (go) went
Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple future or future perfect)
my new project.
1. Tomorrow I think I (start) will start
2.
it by the end of this month. I (finish) will have finished
a test to his students next Monday.
3. The teacher (probably/assign) will probably assign
it by the end of next week.
4. He (correct) will have corrected
a good mark.
5. My friend (certainly/get) will certainly get
our homework.
6. By 9 o'clock, we (finish) will have finished
the classroom by the end of the hour.
7. They (leave) will have left
8.
my trip tomorrow I think I (start) will start
