Nhịp điệu trong thơ Xuân Diệu

86<br /> <br /> NGON NGC* & Ddi<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> So 2 (244)-2016<br /> <br /> |NG6NNG0'VCtIVAN CHUONG |<br /> <br /> NHJP BI$V TRONG THO XUAN DIEU<br /> THE RYMTHS IN XUAN DIEU*S POEMS<br /> VUTHITHUHXrONG<br /> (ThS-NCS; Dai hgc KHXH & NV, DHQG Ha Ngi)<br /> Abstract: The current paper focuses on tiie creation of Poet Xuan Dieu's rhythm. Beside<br /> the inheritance of the trjulitional break of poetical rhythm, he created the new break in<br /> accordance with his feelings and emotions. His creation focuses onfliepoetical types of 4,5,<br /> 7, 8 words and six - eight meter, hi conclusion, Xuan Dieu's creation is among his speacial<br /> and unique successes on his fine arts - poem.<br /> Key words: Xuan Dieu' poems; rhythm in poetry; verse.<br /> 1. Mdf d^u<br /> 2/2. Tho X u ^ Dieu theo thong 1? nhjp di?u<br /> Theo Tie diin thudt ngfi vdn hgc: "Nhip ky: "Dudi thuyen /mxdc trdi - Trin nude<br /> dieu la su l|p lai cdch quang deu dan v^ /thuyin chuoi - Vd nude/ vd thuyin - Xudi<br /> khoi^ thay doi cua cdc hinhfiring,ngon ngQ, ddng/di xudf* (Thai gjan).<br /> Sv chuyen dich: 1/3:<br /> hinh anh, m6 tip,...nhdm cam nhan su the<br /> May/ lung chung hdng -Ve / ngang lung<br /> hien thSm mi \h the gioi, tao ra cam giac van<br /> dOng ciia su s6ng, chong lai su don dieu, don nui (May lung chimg hang)<br /> Hoac nhip 3/1.2/1/1:<br /> nhit ciJa van bdn ngh? thuat". Nhu vay nhip<br /> Mdt sdng Dd/ rdng- Tieng ddn budm/tung<br /> di$utiiaId mOt trong nhihig yeu t6 quan trpng<br /> dh khu biSt cdi g^ Id tha va cdi g^ khong phdi<br /> Cd khuc/rpn^xa-Nghi W budm dudi<br /> Id tha. "Vcfi tiio, nhjp di^u la Unh h6n, cau<br /> ^uom budim qua sdng)<br /> chft Id thdn xdc" (Ma Giang Lan). NhiSu khi<br /> Ngay trong mgt kh6 tha c6 sg chuyin dich<br /> each ngdt nhip tha con gdp phdn tao nen<br /> nhftng sac thdi tham mi trong cdch hieu khac linh ho^t gifta nhjp 3/1 vd 1/3:<br /> Trua ldng. Trin Si - Cd hai ta/ thdi ^<br /> nhau vdi mOt cdu tha.<br /> Nghe/tinhyiu min - Budi trua trin ddi<br /> Trongtiiatruy^ th6ng, cdc th^ tha tiiuong<br /> (Buoi trua trSn doi)<br /> gdn voi mot so lining chft nhit dinh, iing vdi<br /> 2.2. Nhg> ^u tha 5 chit<br /> no Id nhfti^ nhip tiia on ^nh mang ddc trung<br /> Nhip<br /> di$u<br /> tha<br /> 5<br /> chft<br /> von<br /> ifi c6 trong tho<br /> rieng cua thi tha d6.<br /> Xudn Di^u, b ^ c ^ vi$c kh thiia cdch ca ddn gian, nhit Id trong nhftng bdi hdt gi$m<br /> r^at nhip tha truyln th6ng, da sang t^o, biin Ngh? Tmh vd trong tha ch phong hay Iha<br /> doi nhip tha dh ldm m6i cau tha, phu hpp vdi Du6ng. Xuan DiSu cung nhu nhieu nhd tho<br /> cdm xiic, di$u bin ciia nhd tho. Trong ldiu6n khdc khSng co diic g6 b6 nhu ngu ng6n<br /> kho bdi vilt ndy, chiing t6i tap trung tim hilu Du6rng lu^t ma mach tha mij rpng, bay boi^<br /> nhftng sdng t ^ vl nhip di?u trong tha Xuan tinh ^ thiettiia,diing nhilu van bang. Cdu ttio<br /> g6m 2 nhip: 2/3 hay 3/2. Tho Xudn Di?u<br /> Dieu.<br /> 2. D^c diem nhip difu trong thv XuSn chuyin nhip:<br /> Trdn ndi bSn/ vd cd - Sao anh/chdng vui<br /> Di?u<br /> di<br /> ZL Nhgt m^u tha 4 chit<br /> Tdi rdng tim/hgnhphuc - Song chdng biit/<br /> Tha ca dan gjan, thi tiia 4 chft diing trong<br /> ve hay nhflng bdi hdt dong dao dudi binb tiiiic nhd chi (Chang sau)<br /> C6 khi chiQ'en dich thdnh nhip 1 /4 hay 4/1:<br /> ke chiQ'6a Cdu c6 4 chft nen thucn^ co nhip<br /> <br /> 1^1U44)-2016<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGtr & Ddi<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> 87<br /> <br /> Hon tdi/muon cat gipng/nam cao (Tr&i bai<br /> Em!/Anh timg budc khS - Tay bung day<br /> gio suang<br /> s6r^ Hong)<br /> Hay nhip 2/2/1/2 nu6i tile, xa xoi:<br /> Em!/Anh di niii ve - Gdp mdy deo qudn<br /> Hit ngdy./hit thdng,/hit!/em di!<br /> quit (Di mii)<br /> Tim mpt dda sao - /vi - Trdi tim anh chi<br /> Sdc trdi.'/suang dpng,/non:/mdy tda<br /> mpt (Sao mgc)<br /> Khdng biet long di tdi chdn ndo ... (Hit<br /> Nhm chung tho 4 chft vd 5 chft, lupng chft ngay hit thdng)<br /> 6 moi cau tiia hep nen vi|c chuyin dich nhjp<br /> Nh6 nhung trong sau mu0n:<br /> dieu chii yeu la su chuyen dich ngay trong cau<br /> Em budn,/em nhd,/chao!/em nhd<br /> tha, kho tiio. Nhip tiia Xudn Difu cung da<br /> Em ggi thdm anh sudt cd ngdy<br /> linh boat, phong phd hon. Ngodi nhip dieu<br /> ^onso)<br /> quen thuOc 2/2 (tho 4 chft), c6 them nhip<br /> Vd nhihig doi hdi ham mu6n:<br /> 2/1/1, nhip 1/3 vd 3/1. Ngodi nhip di?u 2/3<br /> i/ay tudn duyim, lua man trdn<br /> ho|c 3/2 (tho 5 chft) cda thgm nhip 1/4 vd 4/1.<br /> Sdng mdt,/ldi mdi,/nhiiu -/that nhiiu<br /> 2.3. Nh^ di^u tha 7 chit<br /> (V6 biSn)<br /> Nhip ^?u tha 7 chft truyln thfing la 4/3, dpc<br /> Lgi chuyin din nhip 2/1/1/3:<br /> cham c6 thi Id 2/2/3. Xuan Dieu tudntiiutiieo<br /> Vai anh khi di ddu em t\ea<br /> nhip di$u truyln thSng:<br /> Cdn cd buon,/vui/cua cupc ddi<br /> Anh tgng cho em hoa ngpc trdm<br /> Hoa nhu dnh sdng, /ngpc nhu mdm<br /> Phdi chdng^chim,/gid/mdi qua deo<br /> (Hoa ngpc tram)<br /> Hay sudi, hay thdng dang hpa theo?<br /> Co khi chuyintiidnh4/1/2:<br /> (Tinh yeu san se)<br /> Thu Ignh cdng them nguyft td ngdi<br /> Nhip 2/5 c6 khi hoan dli thdnh nhip 5/2,<br /> Ddn ghe nhu nudc,/lgnh,/trdi oi ...<br /> chii dpng, dinh d^:<br /> (Nguyet cam)<br /> Mpt chiic thuyin bdng di lgi di<br /> Nhihig trdi xa ldm,/xua,/xua qud<br /> Anh Id ngudi thuyin chdi/Truang Chi<br /> Den ndi trong long sdc da phai<br /> Mpt khuc me ddi ca lgi ca<br /> (Nb6 mung lung)<br /> Anh la ngudi gdy ddn/Bd Nha (Bd Nha Xudn Dieu hodn d6i nhip 4/3 thdnh 3/4. Truong Chi)<br /> Nhip 3/4 Id nhip cua tho song thdt lyc bdt vd<br /> Cuoi cung Id nhip di?u 1/3/3 vd 1/1/2/3 ciia<br /> khi chuyin nhu thi, nhip di§u tha nhanh hon, cdu tho 7 chft, nhu difp khiic ciia nSi nhd:<br /> gap ban:<br /> Nhd,/nhdldmchi!/JSnnguyen! (Gid tii<br /> Ld liiu ddi/nhu mpt net mi (Nhi h6)<br /> tiian thi)<br /> Che Sudi Gidng -/xanh trin non cao<br /> Vd noi nhd xa x6i, hodi vpng, c6 phdn<br /> Id day nhua mpng dnh nhu reo<br /> ngin ngo, nuoi tile:<br /> (Ch6 Suoi Gidng)<br /> Nhieng budn xua cii m^ ddu mdt<br /> Dip cdu nhd nhd, rupng sdu sdu<br /> Oi!/phupng/bao gid/lgi nd hoa (Ngdn ngo)<br /> Mgt ngd ba/y hgp tdm ddu (Mpt nga ba)<br /> Nhip ^f u cdu tho 7 chu cda Xudn Di?u<br /> Nhip 3/4 CO khi chia nho thdnh nlup thdt phong phu, khdng theo mpt quy lu$t nao.<br /> 3/1/1/i/l, the hi?n sy an h|in va day dm:<br /> Nhftng cdch ngdt nhip mdi la gdp phin ddc<br /> Qud tkfc thd nin hda dgi khd<br /> lyc vdo vifc chuyin tdi cdm xiic vd thi hiing<br /> Bdt ddu ngudi -/chi -/biit -/yeu/lo (Gioi ciia nha tho, rlt da dgng vd dOc ddo. D I tao<br /> cdch ngit nhip dd, chiing ta tiiay vai tr6 ciia<br /> hi?u)<br /> , , .'<br /> diu cau (diu phiy, dau cham, chim than,...),<br /> }^i0t sdm mai thanh rat ngpt ngao<br /> <br /> 88<br /> <br /> NG6N NGC & B(n S6NG<br /> <br /> So 2 (244)-2016<br /> <br /> hay cdch ddo ngft, phep so sdnh. Su sang tao<br /> Vln nhip 3/5 chuyin thdnh nMp 1/2/5:<br /> cii phdp (cdc kieu cau tho) va each sii dung tu<br /> Em,/em ai,/tinh non da gid rdi (Giyc gja)<br /> ciing gdp phdn doi mdi nhip difu tha.<br /> Trdng/vd mpng/dd mudn ddi thi si (Ca<br /> 14. Nhjp di^u tha 8 chit<br /> ning)<br /> Cdu tho 8 chft thudng ngdt lam 2 hay 3<br /> Yeudd chit/a trong long mgt it (Yeu)<br /> nhip. Lo^ cau tho nay cd trong hdt nd/xen lan<br /> Oi/nhOng thdng/sdng ciing Thanh Ngh<br /> vdi cdc cdu tho dai ngdn khac, cung thudng vitng (NhOng dem hanh qudn)<br /> ngdt ldm 3 nhip nhung khong thanh dogn, khi<br /> C6 tmdng hpp nhip 3/5 chuyin thdnh nhip<br /> tho d0c l$p. So vdi hdt ndi, cdu tho 8 chft tft 1/1/1/5:<br /> phong trao Tba'mdi 1932 - 1945 vl sau trd<br /> Rai,/roi,/rai ...chim Ign xudng hu khdng<br /> thdnh mpt till tho rieng, gidu tinh sdng tao.<br /> (Slu)<br /> Nhip tha 8 chft Id 3/5 bo|ic 5/3 nhung tiiuemg<br /> Ddn,/ngon,/ddm - Thich cudi nhu ndc n<br /> Id 3/3/2, 3/2/3 cd khi 2/3/3. Tho Xudn Difu, (M0t vudi xodi)<br /> trong mpt bdi dd cd sy chuyin nhip lign tuc.<br /> Vd nhip 3/5 hodn dli, ngit thdnh 3 nhip<br /> Nhip 5/3 va 3/5:<br /> 5/1/2, nhanh hon:<br /> Ddi mdt ciia ngudi yiu, di vyx: thdm!<br /> Dun khdi nggt vi ddy,/em,/gid lg (Sdu<br /> Oi trdi xa,/vung trdn cua ngudi yeu<br /> Trd vl vdi nhip 4/4 cdu tho 8 chft ung<br /> dimg, thu thd:<br /> (Xacdch)<br /> Nhip 3^/3 va 3/3/2 dan xen tao ngn nhjp<br /> Tdi Id con nai/bj chiiu ddnh ludi<br /> nhanh, manh, mang am hudng giyc gia;<br /> Khdng biit di ddu,/dung sdu bdng tdi<br /> Em phdi ndi/phdi ndi,/vdphdi ndi<br /> (Khi chieu giang ludi)<br /> Bdng ldi rieng/nai cudi mdt./ddu mdy<br /> Mdt khac sdng Ld,/ddi bdxanh mudt<br /> Bdng ddu ngd,/bdng mi^ng cudi,/t^ riit<br /> Ngd khi lay cd,/n^a ken Id sdc.<br /> Bdng im Idng./bdng chi/anh cd biit<br /> (Vl Tuygn)<br /> (Phdi ndi)<br /> Ngodi ra tho 8 chft cua Xudn Difu cdn co<br /> Sy dan xen ve nhip difu d bai Chdo Hg nhftng nhip ^ hift:<br /> Long phong phu vd dSc sdc hon:<br /> Nhip 1/3/4: Sdng,/tdt cd sdng,/chdng ba<br /> Ta chdo nguoi./Hg Long n^dn vgn ddo giddu (Thanh nidn)<br /> Vgn hdn gieo/trin sdng biin/trdp trung<br /> Nhip 2/6: Ngd ra.Vrung rinh 1$ ngpc h<br /> hdng (Rieng tdy)<br /> Ta vdo vfnh Hg Long/hdn diim 1$<br /> Trdi tung ra,/qudng ludi bdt mudn trung<br /> Nhip 6/2: Vd ldng ta nhu vgy dd,/nhdn<br /> gian (Mgnhm6ng)<br /> Day bdn thdo/tgo vgt cdn ndn dd<br /> Nui,/ddo/m^-/cimg dd.,/sdng ngdn ngang<br /> Tdi di giiea budi ddu ngdy,/di giiea<br /> Budi ddu xudn - di giiea budi Su tien<br /> Mdt ngdm mai - Ldng h^ cdn kinh nggc<br /> (Xudn)<br /> Tdu ta qua rdi/d^p vdn minh mdng.<br /> Hay bai Cha d ddng ngodi m? d ddng<br /> Nhip 2/2/2/2:<br /> trong, cdch ngdt nhip "gan tao cho cau tho<br /> Ld mai,/ld cudc,/ld hgt,/ld uang<br /> "ddn 6^ ldng liu hon" nhu nhftng cdu ca dao<br /> Ong ctil ddn cdy vi trdng khdp xd<br /> (Ong cy tring cd);)<br /> cl d Bhih Dinh, que cua ma nhd tiio:<br /> Tieng ddng trong/tieng ddng ngodi/qudn Sy phong phu dpc ddo trong cdch ngdt<br /> nhjp cdu tho 8 chft ciing c6 sy gdp phin cua<br /> quit<br /> Vdo giita mdi tranh,/giudng chdng/cgt cdc diu cdu, cdc bifn phdp tu tii, ddc bift Id sy<br /> tim tdi cdch thi hifn gidu cdm xiic mdi la cua<br /> nhd,<br /> nhd tho.<br /> Rua,/md,/chu!/cha hdi dieu mudn biit<br /> 2.S. Nkfff di$u thff l^c bdt<br /> Nggc nhien gi,/m? thdt:/ui chu cha!<br /> <br /> Mla44)-2016<br /> <br /> NGON NGf & Ddi S 6 N G<br /> <br /> Tho lyc bdt cd nhip difu truyln thong la<br /> 2/2/2 vd 2/2/2/2 hodc cd till don 2/2 tiidnh<br /> nhip 4. Trong ca dao vd Truy?n Kiiu cd nhip<br /> 3/3/va 1/5 (cdu lyc), hodc nhip 3/3/2/vd<br /> 2/1/3/2 (cau bdt). Lyc bat cda Xudn Difu cung<br /> chuyin dich cdc nWp difu truyln thing. Vi<br /> dy:<br /> Nhip 2/4: Ld hdng rai ldng ngo thudn<br /> Suang trinh roi /an tit nguon yeu thuong<br /> (Chiiu)<br /> M? ai!/con den trong long (Bd cy mii 16a)<br /> Hay ddo nhip:<br /> Nhip 4/2: Ta theo gid m^h/gid nhanh<br /> Gid hung du, gid sdt sanh, gid cudng<br /> (C||} hdi van dam)<br /> Khuya khdng ngu dupc,/ra ngdi<br /> T\ra lan can, ngdm trung khoi m^t minh<br /> (Trdn^ khuya trfin HIC Hdi)<br /> Nhip 3/3: Tinh cdm dy/udc mo ndo (Dhn)<br /> - Trdi ddt nh^,/nM non xanh<br /> Cdy sa mu dieng nua hinh con thoi<br /> (SaPa)<br /> Vd cdu bat ciia Xuan Difu:<br /> Nhip 3/3/2: Ldm bao nhiiu,/chi dau<br /> ldng,/bdy nhiiu (Bd cu mii 16a)<br /> Mpt ngdy yiu,/muSn ket liin/ngdn ndm<br /> (Tinh yeu muln hda v6 bign)<br /> Cdn thanh niin,/vdn hpi ndy - /em di<br /> OHilu em Nhon)<br /> Nhip 3/4/1: Thip cdm hdn,/thep ngudi<br /> han thip,/ddng (Hieu em Nhon)<br /> NMp 3/5: Khuyu tay do/gai hlnh xuong<br /> toy gdy (Ao em)<br /> Nhd em ddn,/nhd hdn thanh cdy ddn<br /> ODdn)<br /> Hay ddo nhip 5/3: Soy sua anh ciing ddn<br /> tinh<br /> Yeu anh mdi mdi nghel/Minh yiu anh<br /> (Mdi mdi)<br /> Nhip 3/2/3: Tren ddu tdc Bdc suong ghi<br /> Chdc ddi soi/dd bgc/ vi chung con<br /> (Tho ddng Bdc Hi)<br /> Nhip 2/6: Em xa -/mua cd bay vi chdn<br /> em? '<br /> (*^"a)<br /> <br /> 89<br /> <br /> Nhip 2/4/2: Ddi ta/dd mdi mdi ngdi/bin<br /> nhau (Mdi mai)<br /> Nhip 1/1/6: Ludi,/nam/ng^di dd ngdm<br /> ngodi rudng chiim (Tdng lang Cdng)<br /> Nhu v|iy cau tnic nhip ^?n on ^nh ciia<br /> tho luc bdt tgo cho luc bdt uyIn chuyin nhip<br /> nhang bdng khudng luu luyin, ^ n Xuan Difu<br /> da cd thfim nhihig nhip difu mdi Unh hoat,<br /> cdng cap hon. Thyc tgi tiiyc tl cd nhftng<br /> chuy&i d0ng ldn, chiec do lyc bdt xua nin na,<br /> bdy gid cd thfim dudng ngang nip gip cua ddi<br /> sing thyc.<br /> 3. Kit l u ^<br /> Cd till khdng dinh, sdng tao nlup difu tho<br /> Id mOt trong nhihig thdnh cdng ^ sic vl<br /> nghf thudt cua Xudn Difu, g6p phin ldm cho<br /> tho dng vlin song mai, "nhung van difu vin<br /> ph$p phing mditiieohai thd cupc ddi". Trong<br /> bdi ndy, chiing tdi t$p trung trinh bdy nhftng<br /> sdng tao vl nhip difu tho ciia Xudn Difu d<br /> cdc till tho chii ylu: 4 chft, 5 chft, 7 chft, 8<br /> chft vd lyc bdt. Dli vdi tho ty do, hpp thi,<br /> nhat la nhftng bdi tho, cau tho cd tft 9,10 chft<br /> trd len cua Xuan Difu, chiing toi sS trinh bdy<br /> d mpt bai viet khdc.<br /> TAl LI|;U THAM KHAO<br /> 1. Xuan Difu (1986), Tuyin tdp Xudn<br /> Di$Uy Tgp I, Nxb Vdn hpc. Ha Npi.<br /> 2. Xudn Difu (1984), Cdng vi$c ldm tha,<br /> Nxb Vdn hpc, HdNOi.<br /> 3. Lg Bd Hdn, Tran EHnh Sft, Nguyen<br /> Khdc Phfi (1992) (chii bifin). Tie diin thugt<br /> ngie vdn hpc, Nxb Giao dye, Hd Nfi.<br /> 4. Tran Thifn Khanh (2008), Nguyen li<br /> cdu trdc nhfp tha. Tap chl Tha, Hpi Nhd vdn<br /> Vift Nam, sl 4,2008.<br /> 5. Md Giang Lan (2011), Nhieng cdu true<br /> cua tha, Nxb Dgi hpc Quoc gia Hd Nfi, Hd<br /> Npi.<br /> 6. Thi LG (1938), Tua tap 'Tha tha", Nxb<br /> Ddi nay.<br /> 7. Hodi Thanh - Hodi Chan (1988), Thi<br /> nhdn Vi^t Nam, Nxb Vdn hpc, Hd Nfi.<br /> <br />