NHU CAU CO BAN CClA CON NGtfdl
MMC Tl£U
1. Mo ta dtfdc nhu cau cd ban cua con ngiidi theo phdn cap cua Maslow.
2. Gidi thich diidc sii lien quan givta nhu cau va, diiu dtfdng.
3. Ke dtfdc 14 n<?i dung cham soc cd ban dap Ung nhu cdu cua ngtfdi benh.
1. KHAI NIEM
Co mot so nhu cau cd ban pho bien doi vdi t£t ca moi ngiidi. Nhiing nhu
cau nay dtfdc phan loai theo thii ttf tfu tien. Tuy nhien khi mot so nhu cau can
thiet (thiet yeu) diidc thoa man con ngtfdi se chuyen den nhu c lu khac d mile
cao hdn. Nhiing nhu clu cd ban cua con ngiicfi diidc Maslow phan c£tp nhtf sau:
2. NHU CAU CO BAN CUA CON NGl/ClI PHAN CAP THEO MASLOW
2.1. Nhu cau ve the chat
La nen tang cua he thong phan cap nhu cau va dtfdc Uu tien hang dau.
Nhu cau ve the chat bao gom: oxy, thuc an, ntfdc uong, bai tiet, van dong. ngu.
nghi ngdi... Cac nhu cau nay can dtfdc dap tfng toi thieu de duy tri stf song.
2.2. Nhu cau an toan va dtfdc bao ve
Noi dung nhu cau an toan va dUdc bao ve bao gom an toan ca ve tinh
mang va tinh than.
- An toan ve tinh mang la bao ve cho ngUdi ta tranh dtfdc cac nguy cd de
doa cuoc song.
- An toan ve tinh than la tranh dtfdc moi stf lo lang, sd hai.
De giup ngtfdi benh khoi bi nguy hiem, ngtfdi dieu dtfdng phai biet ro
tinh chat dac diem cua ngtfdi benh. Nnan biet dtfdc nhiing tai bien co the xay
ra cho ngtfdi benh trong qua trinh dieu tri, cham soc. Neu co tai bien xay ra
ngtfdi dieu dtfdng co the xtf tri mot cach thong minh, nhanh nhen kip thdi.
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2.3. Nhu cau ve tin h cam va quan he (nhu cau ve stf giao tiep)
Khi hai nhu cau tren cua con ngtfdi da dtfdc thoa man thi nhu cau quyen
sci hu!u va stf yeu thtfdng se trd nen ro rang hdn.
Moi ca nhan du khoe manh hay benh tat deu mong moi tinh cam cua ban
be, lang xom, gia dinh... do do ngtfdi dieu dtfdng luon bieu lo thai do than thien
dung mtfc vdi ngtfdi benh, quan tam dap tfng thoa man nhu cau tinh cam cho
ngtfdi benh.
2.4. Nhu ca u dtfOc ton tron g
Stf ton trong tao cho con ngtfdi long ttf tin va tinh doc lap. Khi stf ton
trong khong dtfdc dap tfng thi ho cd cam giac co doc ttf ti.
Dieu dtfdng dap tfng nhu cau nay cua ngtfdi benh bang cach biet dtfdc
tam ttf, nguyen vong cua ngUdi benh, cham soc an can va than mat, niem nd,
chu y lin g nghe y kien cua ngtfdi benh.
2.5. Nhu cau ttf h oa n th ie n (ttf khang dinh)
La mile cao nhat trong he thong phan loai nhu cau cua Maslow. Maslow
danh gia chi 1% dan so" dat den mtfc ttf hoat dong, ttf khang dinh ban than.
Nhu cau ttf hoan thien dien ra trong suot cuoc ddi, no chi xuat hien khi cac
nhu cau dtfdi no dtfdc dap ling trong mot chtfng mtfc nhat dinh.
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Cac nhu cau cd ban cang dude dap Qng thi cang tao ra dong ltfc sang tao
va tu hoan thien d moi ca the. Ngtfdi dieu dtfdng phai danh gia dung nhQng
nhu cau cua ngudi benh de tu do co su cham soc thich hdp.
3. SIT LIEN QUAN GIU A NHU CAU VA NGUYEN TAC DIEU DUCfNG
- Nguven tac dieu dudng xuat phat tQ viec dap Qng nhu cau cho ngQdi
benh. Khi bi benh tat. om yeu ngQdi benh khong tQ dap Qng dQdc cac nhu
cau hang ngav cho chinh minh nen can stf ho trd cua ngQdi dieu dQdng.
- Nhu cau cua con ngQdi vQa co tinh dong nhat, vQa co tinh duy nhat nen
ngtfdi dieu dtfdng can co ke hoach cham soc rieng biet cho tQng ngQdi benh.
-i- Nhu cau cua con ngudi tuy cd ban gidng nhau nhQng mQc do va tam
quan trong doi vdi tQng nhu cau d tQng ngQdi co khac nhau. Hdn nila
trong cung mot con ngQdi cung co khac nhau nhu cau nay co the manh
hdn nhu cau khac va thay doi mQc do Qu tien theo tQng giai doan cua
cuoc song.
+ Dieu dQdng can nhan biet dQdc cac nhu cku Qu tien cua ngQdi benh de
lap ke hcach cham soc (KHCS) cho ngQdi benh thich hdp.
- Su tham gia cua ngQdi benh vao ke hoach cham soc:
+ Cham soc xuat phat tQ nhu cau cua ngtfdi benh, nguc. benh hieu ro
nhu cau cua ho trQ trtfdng hdp hdn me, tam than...
+ Khi lap KHCS ngtfdi dieu dtfdng can tham khao y kien ngtfdi benh va
gia dinh ho de tao cho ho co co hoi tham gia tich ctfc vao qua trinh dieu
tri. cham soc. phuc hoi sue khoe.
- Dieu dudng can tao ra moi trudng cham soc thich hdp de ngudi benh dude
thoai mai mau cnong lanh benh.
4. NHU CAU CO BAN VA CHAM SOC
Theo Virginia Henderson cd 14 noi dung cham soc cd ban:
1. Dap Qng cac nhu cau ve ho hap.
2. Giup dd ngudi benh ve an uong. dinh dQdng.
3. Giup dd ngudi benh trong stf bai tiet.
4. Giup dd ngtfdi benh ve tu the van dong va luyen tap.
5. Dap Qng nhu cau ngu va nghi ngdi.
6. Giup ngudi benh mac va thay quan ac.
7. Giup ngQdi benh duy tri than nhiet.
8. • Giup ngQdi benh ve sinh ca nhan hang ngav.
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9. Giup ngtfdi benh tranh dtfdc moi nguy hiem trong khi nam vien.
10. Giup ngtfdi benh trong stf giao tiep.
11. Giup ngtfdi benh thoai mai ve tinh than va ttf do tin ngtfdng.
12. Giup ngtfdi benh lao dong, de tranh mac cam la ngtfdi vo dung.
13. Giup ngtfdi benh trong cac hoat dong vui chdi giai tri.
14. Giup ngtfdi benh co kien thtfc ve y hoc.
5. KET LUAN
Nhu cau cd ban cua con ngtfdi va cac nguyen tac cua viec cham soc thi cd
ban giong nhau nhtfng khong bao gid giong nhau hoan toan. Vi vay ke hoach
cham soc phai dtfdc xay dtfng rieng biet tuy theo tuoi, gidi tinh, hoan canh van
hoa, xa hoi va kha nang the chat tinh than cua ngtfdi benh. Ngoai ra ke hoach
nay con bi anh htfdng bdi tinh trang benh ly.
Ke hoach cham soc phai dem lai stf cham soc dong nhat, lien tuc nhtfng
no can thay doi theo stf thich tfng vdi nhu cau cua ngtfdi benh. Dieu quan
trong la ngtfdi dieu dtfdng phai tham khao y kien cua ngtfdi benh va gia dinh
ho de nhan dinh nhu cau cua ngtfdi benh, xay dtfng ke hoach cham soc ngtfdi
benh mot cach htfu hieu nhat.
TLf Ll/ONG GIA
H oan th ie n cau sau b an g ca ch ch o n tif, cu m tit th ich hdp d ien v a o ch o
tr on g.
......
B
.......
hang dau.
2. Nhu cau an toan ve tinh mang la
......
A
.......
cho con ngtfdi tranh dtfdc
cac nguy cd....B.... cuoc song.
3. Theo Maslow nhu cau ttf hoan thien chi chiem khoang ............A
.......
dan so.
C h on y d u n g n h a t de tra ldi cho cac cau sau
4. Theo Maslow nhu cau cd ban cua con ngtfdi dtfdc phan cap thanh:
A. 3 cap.
B. 4 cap.
C. 5 cap.
D. 6 cap.
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5. Theo Virginia Henderson cong tac cham soc ngtfdi benh cd ban gom co:
A. 11 n6i dung.
B. 12 noi dung.
C. 13 noi dung.
D. 14 noi dung.
Phan b iet dung, sai cac cau sau b a n g cach d ien dau (V) v a o cot A cho
cau d u ng, cot B cho cau sai.
TT N oi d un g A B
6Nhu cau cua con ngtfdi tang dan thed xu the ttf thap tdi
cao.
7 Nhu cau ve the chat giup cho con ngtfdi ton tai dtfdc.
8Cac nguyen tac cua dieu dtfdng dtfdc xay dtfng tren cd sd
dap tfng nhu cau cho ngtfdi benh.
9Nhu cau cua con ngtfdi khong mang tinh thong nhat.
10 Nhu cau cua con ngtfdi khong thay doi trong qua trinh
song.
11 Ngtfdi dieu dtfdng co the xac dinh dtfdc dung cac nhu cau
cua ngtfdi benh khong can tham khao y kien cua ho.
12 Khi nhu cau cua ngtfdi benh thay doi thi phai thay doi ke
hoach cham soc.
13 Nhu cau an toan va dtfdc bao ve bao gom ca stf an toan ve
tinh mang va tinh than.
14 Trong qua trinh cham soc can phai to chtfc cho ngtfdi
benh dtfdc vui chdi, giai tri.
15 Giup ngtfdi benh nang cao nhan thtfc ve benh tat la mot
cdng viec cua ngtfdi dieu dtfdng.
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