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Tài liệu bài tập Hóa học lớp 11 (KHXH) năm 2022 - Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây

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Nội dung Text: Tài liệu bài tập Hóa học lớp 11 (KHXH) năm 2022 - Trường THPT Đào Sơn Tây

  1. TRƯỜNG THPT ĐÀO SƠN TÂY TỔ HÓA HỌC Học sinh: ....................................................................... Lớp: ………... XH Tài liệu lưu hành nội bộ Tháng 9/2022
  2. MỤC LỤC CHƯƠNG 1. SỰ ĐIỆN LI................................................................................................................................... 1 Dạng 1: Chất điện li. Viết phương trình điện li ............................................................................................... 1 Dạng 2: Tính nồng độ mol/lit các ion trong dung dịch. pH. Pha chế dung dịch .............................................. 2 Dạng 3: Bảo toàn điện tích............................................................................................................................... 4 Dạng 4: Phản ứng trao đổi ion ......................................................................................................................... 5 Dạng 5: Phản ứng trung hòa ............................................................................................................................ 7 Dạng 6: Nhận biết ............................................................................................................................................ 9 CHƯƠNG 2. NITƠ – PHOTPHO ..................................................................................................................... 10 NITƠ .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Dạng 1: Hoàn thành chuỗi phản ứng, viết phương trình hóa học ................................................. 10 Dạng 2: Bài toán 1 kim loại tác dụng HNO3 ................................................................................ 11 Dạng 3: Bài toán hỗn hợp tác dụng HNO3 ................................................................................... 12 PHOTPHO ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng ............................................................................................................... 14 Dạng 2: H3PO4 tác dụng với dung dịch kiềm ............................................................................... 14 CHƯƠNG 3. CACBON – SILIC ....................................................................................................................... 15 Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng. ............................................................................................................................... 15 Dạng 2: CO2 tác dụng dung dịch kiềm .......................................................................................................... 16 LUYỆN TẬP ..................................................................................................................................................... 17 Dạng 1: Phân biệt các dung dịch trong lọ mất nhãn ...................................................................................... 17 Dạng 2: Nêu hiện tượng, giải thích ................................................................................................................ 18 CHƯƠNG 4. ĐẠI CƯƠNG VỀ HỢP CHẤT HỮU CƠ ................................................................................... 19 Dạng 1: Tìm CTĐGN , CTPT........................................................................................................................ 19 Dạng 2: Tìm CTPT chất hữu cơ dựa vào phản ứng đốt cháy ........................................................................ 20 Dạng 3: Viết CTCT các đồng phân ................................................................................................................ 21 CHƯƠNG 5. HIĐROCACBON NO ................................................................................................................. 23 ANKAN (PARAFIN) .................................................................................................................................... 23 CHƯƠNG 6. HIĐROCACBON KHÔNG NO .................................................................................................. 24 ANKEN (OLEFIN) ........................................................................................................................................ 24 ANKAĐIEN .................................................................................................................................................. 26 ANKIN........................................................................................................................................................... 26 CHƯƠNG 7. HIĐRO CACBON THƠM .......................................................................................................... 28 BENZEN VÀ ĐỒNG ĐẲNG ........................................................................................................................ 28 CHƯƠNG 8. ANCOL – PHENOL .................................................................................................................... 29 ANCOL .......................................................................................................................................................... 29 PHENOL ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 CHƯƠNG 9: ANDEHIT - AXIT CACBOXYLIC .......................................................................................... 32 ANĐEHIT ...................................................................................................................................................... 32 AXIT CACBOXYLIC ................................................................................................................................... 33 ÔN TẬP HK2 .................................................................................................................................................... 34
  3. BẢNG TÍNH TAN MỘT SỐ CÔNG THỨC TÍNH Công thức tính số mol Công thức nồng độ dd m Nồng độ phần trăm m .100% có khối lượng (gam) chất n= C % = ct M mdd số mol chất khí ở đkc (0oC và V (lit ) Nồng độ mol/lit n n= CM = 1 atm) 22, 4 Vdd n=CM.V Khối lượng riêng m V dung dịch và CM d = (g) V( ml ) C %.mdd Mối liên hệ giữa C% và C %.10d m dung dịch và C% n= CM = 100%.M CM M mA .100% Thành phần % theo khối lượng của chất A trong hỗn hợp: %mA = mhh Khối lượng nguyên tử (theo đvC) của các nguyên tố: H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; As = 75; Br = 80; Rb = 85; Sr = 88; Ag = 108; Sn = 119; Ba = 137; Pb = 106
  4. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH CHƯƠNG 1. SỰ ĐIỆN LI Dạng 1: Chất điện li. Viết phương trình điện li Câu 1. Trong số các chất sau, những chất nào là chất điện li? SO2, Cl2, H2SO3, CH4, NaHCO3, Ca(OH)2, HF, C6H6 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 2. Viết phương trình điện li của các chất sau: a. HCl; HNO3; HClO4; HI; H2SO4 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ b. KOH; NaOH; Ca(OH)2; Ba(OH)2 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ c. Ba(NO3)2; K2CO3; K2S; MgSO4, Na3PO4; BaCl2; Fe2(SO4)3; NaHS; (NH4)2SO4; KHCO3 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ d. H2CO3; CH3COOH; HF ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 3. Viết công thức hóa học của các chất điện li mà sự điện li trong nước tạo ra các ion sau a) Al3+ và SO42- b) K+ và Cr2O72- c) Ba2+ và OH- d) Ca2+và HCO3 - e) Fe2+ và SO42- 1
  5. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 4. Trong dd có thể tồn taị các ion sau không ? Giải thích. a) K+, Mg2+ , SO42- , OH- b) Fe2+ , Ag+ , NO-3 , Cl-. c) NH4+ , Ba2+ , OH- , Cl-. d) Na+ , H+ , SO42- , Cl- . e) Na+, Al3+ , SO42- , NO3-. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Dạng 2: Tính nồng độ mol/lit các ion trong dung dịch. pH. Pha chế dung dịch Câu 5. Tính nồng độ mol/lit của các ion trong dung dịch: a. Hoà tan 41,6 gam BaCl2 vào nước thu được 200 ml dung dịch. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ b. Hoà tan 8 gam Fe2(SO4)3 vào H2O thu được 800 ml dung dịch. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ c. 100 ml dung dịch có chứa 4,26g Al(NO3)3 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ d. 0,2 lít dung dịch có chứa 11,7g NaCl ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ e.100 ml dung dịch FeCl3 0,3M ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
  6. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 6. Tính nồng độ mol/l của ion H+ , OH- và pH của các dung dịch sau: a) dd HCl 0,001M. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ b) dd NaOH 0,001M ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ c) 100 ml dd A có hoà tan 0,098 g H2SO4 ( xem H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42-) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ d) 500ml dd B có hoà tan 0,245g H2SO4 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 7. Tính pH của dung dịch sau khi hòa tan 7,3g hiđro clorua vào nước được 0,4 lít dung dịch axit (giả sử khí tan hoàn toàn) ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 8. Một dung dịch có pH = 9,0. Tính nồng độ mol của các ion H+ và OH- trong dung dịch. Hãy cho biết màu của phenolphtalein trong dung dịch này. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 9. Dung dịch H2SO4 có pH = 2. Tính nồng độ mol/l của ion H+, SO42- và của dd axit. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ 3
  7. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 10. Cần bao nhiêu gam NaOH để pha chế 250 ml dd có pH = 10? ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 11. Tính khối lượng KOH cần dùng để pha 200 ml dd KOH có pH = 12 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 12. Tính khối lượng HNO3 cần dùng để pha 200 ml dd HNO3 có pH = 2 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Dạng 3: Bảo toàn điện tích Câu 13. Một dung dịch A có chứa các ion : Na+ (0,01 mol), K+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol) và Cl- (x mol). Tính x. Cô cạn dung dịch A, thu được bao nhiêu gam chất rắn. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 14. Một dung dịch B có chứa các ion : Cu2+ (0,15 mol), Na+ (0,1 mol), NO3- (0,1 mol) và SO42- (x mol). Tính x. Cô cạn dung dịch B, thu được bao nhiêu gam chất rắn. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 15. Một dung dịch A có chứa các ion : Mg2+ (x mol), Na+ (0,15 mol), NO3- (0,05 mol) và SO42- (0,25 mol). Tính x. Cô cạn dung dịch A thu được bao nhiêu gam chất rắn. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ 4
  8. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 16. Một dung dịch C có chứa các ion : Al3+ (0,01 mol), K+ (0,02 mol), Fe3+ (x mol), NO3- (0,04 mol) và SO42- (y mol). Tính x, y. Biết rằng khi cô cạn dung dịch C thu được 7,93 g muối khan. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 17. Một dung dịch D có chứa các ion : Al3+ (0,02 mol), Na+ , Fe2+ (0,015) mol), NO3- (0,06 mol) và Cl- (y mol). Tính số mol của ion Na+ và Cl-. Biết rằng khi cô cạn dung dịch D thu được 5,915 g chất rắn. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Dạng 4: Phản ứng trao đổi ion Câu 18. Viết phương trình phản ứng phân tử và ion thu gọn (nếu có) a. K2SO4 và Ba(OH)2. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ b. CH3COONa và HCl ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ c. Ca(OH)2 và NH4Cl. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ d. BaCl2 và CuSO4. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ e. H2S và Pb(NO3)2. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ 5
  9. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ................................................................................................................................................................ f. K2CO3 và NaNO3 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ g. HCl và Na2CO3 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ h. HNO3 và Ba(OH)2 ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ i. NaHCO3 và HCl ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ j. Fe(NO3)3 và KOH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ k. CH3COOH và NaOH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ l. Na2S và HCl ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ m. NH4NO3 và KOH ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ Câu 19. Hoàn thành phương trình hóa học, viết phương trình dạng phân tử a. Pb(NO3)2 + ? → PbCl2 + ? ............................................................................................................................................... b. Ba(OH)2 + ? → BaSO4 + ? ................................................................................................................................................ c. MgCO3 + ? → MgCl2 + ? +? ................................................................................................................................................ d. FeS + ? → FeCl2 + ? ................................................................................................................................................ 6
  10. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH e. Fe2(SO4)3 + ? → K2SO4 + ? ................................................................................................................................................ Câu 20. Viết phương trình dạng phân tử ứng với phương trình ion rút gọn sau: a. Ba2+ + CO32- → BaCO3 e. Fe3++ 3OH- → Fe(OH)3 b. NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O g. H+ + OH- → H2O c. Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl h. Ba2+ + SO2-→ BaSO4 .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................... Dạng 5: Phản ứng trung hòa Câu 21. Tính nồng độ mol/l của các ion có trong dd thu được khi: a) Trộn 100 ml dd HCl 1M với 150 ml dd NaOH 1M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. b) Trộn 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,5M với 100 ml dd KOH 2M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. c) Trộn 250 ml dd KOH 0,1M với 250 ml dd HNO3 0,2M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
  11. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Câu 22. Tính pH của các dung dịch thu được khi a) Trộn 50 ml dd HCl 0,12M với 50 ml dd NaOH 0,1M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. b) Trộn 50 ml dd H2SO4 0,1M với 50 ml dd KOH 0,4M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. c) Trộn 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,02M với 100 ml dd NaOH 0,02M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. d) Trộn 50 ml dd HCl 1M với 50 ml dd NaOH 1,2M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. f) Trung hoà 100 ml dd HCl phải dùng hết 80 ml dd Ba(OH)2 1M ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
  12. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Dạng 6: Nhận biết 1. Nhận biết những dung dịch đựng trong lọ mất nhãn sau a) H2SO4, NaCl, Na2CO3, NaOH ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) K2CO3, Ba(NO3)2, KCl, K2SO4 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... c) K2S, HNO3, NaCl, KOH ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... d) NH4Cl, AgNO3, Na2CO3, NaCl ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
  13. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH CHƯƠNG 2. NITƠ – PHOTPHO NITƠ Dạng 1: Hoàn thành chuỗi phản ứng, viết phương trình hóa học Câu 1. Viết các phương trình phản ứng theo sơ đồ sau: a/ NH4NO2 → N2→ NH3→ NH4Cl→ NH3→ NH4HCO3 → NH3 → Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b/ NH4HCO3→ CO2 →(NH4)2CO3 → NH4Cl → NH4NO3 → NH3 → Al(OH)3 → Al2O3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... c/ H2SO4→ H2→ NH3 → NO → NO2 → HNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 → Cu(OH)2 → CuO ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... d/ NH3 → NO2 → HNO3 → NH4NO3 → NH3 → Fe(OH)3 → Fe2O3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 2. Hoàn thành các phương trình hoá học sau dưới dạng phân tử : a) Ag + HNO3 đặc, nóng → NO2 + ? +? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b) Ag + HNO3 loãng → … ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
  14. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH c) Cu + HNO3 đ,n → … ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... d) Cu + HNO3 loãng → … ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... e) Fe + HNO3 loãng → … ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... f) Fe + HNO3 đặc, nóng → … ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... h) FeO + HNO3 loãng → … ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... i) Fe2O3 + HNO3 đ,n → ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Dạng 2: Bài toán 1 kim loại tác dụng HNO3 Câu 3. Cho 1,92 g Cu tác dụng với dd HNO3 loãng dư, thì thể tích khí NO (đkc) ? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 4. Cho m gam Ag tác dụng với dd HNO3 loãng dư, thu được 224 ml khí NO duy nhất (đkc) . Tính m. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 5. Cho 7,68 g Cu tác dụng hết với dung dịch HNO3 loãng thấy có khí NO thoát ra. Tính khối lượng muối nitrat sinh ra trong dung dịch? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 6. Cho 19,2 g Cu vào dung dịch loãng chứa 0,4 mol HNO3, phản ứng xảy ra hoàn toàn. Tính thể tích khí NO (đktc) thu được? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
  15. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH Dạng 3: Bài toán hỗn hợp tác dụng HNO3 Câu 7. Hòa tan 3,04 g hỗn hơp Cu và Fe trong dd HNO3 0,5 M vừa đủ thì thu được 0,896 lit khí NO (đktc). Tính % khôi lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu . ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 8. Cho 2,8 gam hỗn hợp bột kim loại bạc và đồng tác dụng với dd HNO3 đặc, dư thì thu được 0,896 lít khí NO2 duy nhất (ở đktc). Tính thành phần phần trăm về khối lượng của bạc và đồng trong hỗn hợp đầu? ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 9. Cho 19,3 gam hỗn hợp X gồm Zn và Cu tác dụng vừa đủ với dd HNO3 đ,nóng thu được khí 13,44 lít NO2 (đkc). Tính % theo khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 10. Hòa tan hoàn toàn 12 gam hỗn hợp Cu và Fe bằng dd HNO3 đặc, nóng thu được 11,2 lit khí màu nâu NO2 (đkc) và dd A. Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu. ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
  16. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 11. Hòa tan 60 g hỗn hơp Cu và CuO trong dd HNO3 thì thu được 13,44 lit khí NO (đktc). Tính % khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu . ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 12. Hòa tan 5,5g hỗn hợp gồm Zn và CuO trong 140ml dd HNO3 thì thu được 2,688 lit khí màu nâu (đkc). Tính % theo khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Câu 13.Hòa tan 25,12g hỗn hợp gồm Fe và CuO trong 140ml dd HNO3 thì thu được 1,344 lit khí màu nâu (đktc) và dung dịch X. Tính khối lượng mỗi chất trong hỗn hợp ban đầu ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
  17. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH PHOTPHO Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng 1. Viết phương trình phản ứng theo chuỗi biến hóa sau: a/ P → P2O5 → H3PO4 → Na3PO4 → NaNO3 → NaNO2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... b/ NaOH → NaH2PO4 → Na2HPO4 → Na3PO4 → Ag3PO4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Dạng 2: H3PO4 tác dụng với dung dịch kiềm 1. Tính khối lượng muối thu được trong các trường hợp sau: a) Trộn 100ml dd H3PO4 0,5M với 100ml dd NaOH 1M. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. b) Trộn 100ml dd H3PO4 0,5M với 150ml dd NaOH 1M. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. c) Trộn 150ml dd H3PO4 1M với 100ml dd KOH 5M. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. 14
  18. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. d) Hòa tan hoàn toàn 200 ml dd H3PO4 1M vào 100 ml dd KOH 1M. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. e) Hòa tan hoàn toàn 400 ml dd H3PO4 1M vào 200 ml dd NaOH 1,5M. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. CHƯƠNG 3. CACBON – SILIC Dạng 1: Chuỗi phản ứng. 1. Hoàn thành chuỗi phản ứng, ghi rõ điều kiện (nếu có) a/ C→ CO2→ CO→ CO2→ CaCO3→ Ca(HCO3)2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. b/ Ca(HCO3)2→ CaCO3 → Ca(NO3)2 → CaCO3 → CO2 → NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 → CaCO3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
  19. Bài tập hóa học 11 - XH c/ Si→SiO2 →Si →Mg2Si →SiH4 →SiO2 →Na2SiO3 →H2SiO3 →SiO2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2. Viết phương trình phản ứng dạng phân tử: a/ MgCO3 + H2SO4 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. b/ K2CO3 + CaCl2 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. c/ HCl + Na2SiO3 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. d/ SiO2 + HF .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. e/ SiO2 + NaOH .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. Dạng 2: CO2 tác dụng dung dịch kiềm 1. Tính khối lượng và nồng độ mol của muối thu được trong các trường hợp sau (thể tích dd thay đổi không đáng kể, khí đo ở đktc): a/ Dẫn 2,24 lit CO2 vào 200ml dd NaOH 1M …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. b/ Dẫn 5,6 lit CO2 vào 200ml dd NaOH 1M …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. c/ Dẫn 13,44 lit CO2 vào 500ml dd KOH 2M …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. …………………………………………………. 16
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