Thực trạng kiến thức, thái độ và thực hành chăm sóc vết thương sau mổ móng chọc thịt tại Bệnh viện Da liễu Trung ương

Ingrown toenail (onychocryptosis) is a prevalent dermatological condition, causing significant discomfort and potential complications such as inflammation and infection, thereby affecting patients' quality of life. Surgical intervention is frequently necessary for effective treatment. Successful postoperative recovery for ingrown toenail surgery heavily relies on appropriate wound care practices. However, patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) in this regard can vary significantly and are often suboptimal, leading to increased risks of complications. Despite existing efforts in health education for wound care, specific interventions focusing on this particular patient group in Vietnam are scarce. This study aims to bridge this critical gap by assessing the current KAP of patients receiving care at the Central Dermatology Hospital and evaluating the impact of a health education intervention to enhance their self-management capabilities for postoperative wound care.

Healthcare professionals (dermatologists, surgeons, nurses), public health educators, medical researchers, and policymakers focusing on patient education, wound care management, and telehealth integration.

This research employed a pre-post intervention study design to evaluate the effectiveness of a targeted health education program on improving the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of patients undergoing ingrown toenail (onychocryptosis) surgery regarding postoperative wound care. The study was motivated by the understanding that inadequate patient KAP contributes to higher rates of complications and suboptimal healing outcomes, particularly for a procedure like ingrown toenail surgery where diligent self-care is paramount. Conducted on a cohort of 100 patients at the National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology from April 2024 to April 2025, the methodology involved administering a comprehensive questionnaire designed to assess baseline and post-intervention KAP levels across various domains including general information, specific knowledge, attitudes towards care, practical skills, and perceived support needs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and R 4.1.0 to determine the significance of changes. The baseline assessment revealed significantly limited KAP among patients, with very low percentages demonstrating good knowledge (5%), positive attitude (6%), and good practice (33%). Following the health education intervention, all three KAP domains showed statistically significant improvements (p<0.05), with mean scores increasing substantially. Notably, the study also identified a strong patient preference for remote postoperative support mechanisms: 84% desired phone call reminders for follow-up, 76% sought remote consultation channels (e.g., Zalo), and 66% expressed a need for instructional videos on wound care. These findings highlight the critical importance and efficacy of structured health education interventions in empowering patients with the necessary KAP for effective postoperative wound care after ingrown toenail surgery. The identified demand for remote support services further suggests that integrating telehealth solutions, such as teleconsultations and video-based instructions, could significantly enhance the sustainability and reach of such interventions. This approach promises to improve patient compliance, reduce complication rates, and optimize overall recovery, paving the way for more integrated and patient-centered care models.