Thực trạng và giải pháp điều trị viêm phổi tái phát tại Bệnh viện Sản Nhi Nghệ An

Recurrent pneumonia poses a significant health challenge, especially among young children, contributing to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Vietnam, it remains a considerable burden, often influenced by environmental factors, malnutrition, and the overuse of antibiotics. This condition, defined by repeated episodes of lung infection, can lead to serious complications and long-term health issues. Recognizing the need for improved understanding and management, this study aims to describe the distinct clinical and paraclinical characteristics of recurrent pneumonia in children under five years of age. Furthermore, it seeks to identify effective treatment strategies for this vulnerable population at the Respiratory Department of Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital, thereby enhancing diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes.

Pediatricians, respiratory specialists, general practitioners, medical researchers focusing on infectious diseases in children, and public health professionals.

This retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the current situation and treatment strategies for recurrent pneumonia in children under five years old at the Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital. Analyzing 228 cases of recurrent pneumonia, which accounted for 4.8% of total pediatric admissions, the study found that the condition predominantly affected children under 36 months of age, with 89.9% falling into this group. A significant proportion (70.6%) experienced at least two episodes of pneumonia. Common clinical features observed across all age groups included tachypnea, cough, and pulmonary rales, while fever and chest retraction were also prevalent. Laboratory investigations frequently revealed leukocytosis (76.3%) and elevated C-reactive protein (46.5%), alongside characteristic scattered nodular opacities on chest X-rays. Bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis were frequently isolated, with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) also detected in a notable percentage of cases. The study further highlighted concerns regarding antibiotic resistance, particularly for Haemophilus influenzae against Ampicillin + Sulbactam and Cefuroxime. The findings offer valuable insights into the specific clinical and paraclinical profiles of recurrent pneumonia in this region, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate diagnosis, judicious antibiotic use, and tailored management approaches to improve outcomes for young children.