Tuân thủ điều trị ARV và các yếu tố liên quan ở người nhiễm HIV/AIDS tại các phòng khám ngoại trú, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global health challenge. Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) has transformed the lives of people living with HIV, extending survival and improving quality of life by suppressing viral load. The success of ARV treatment, however, critically depends on high patient adherence, ideally ≥95%. Poor tuân thủ điều trị can lead to severe outcomes, including increased tải lượng HIV, development of drug resistance, higher healthcare costs, and increased mortality. Given the variability of tuân thủ điều trị ARV and its complex interplay with psychological, clinical, and social factors, local context-specific research is essential. This study aims to investigate the rate of tuân thủ điều trị ARV and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS at outpatient clinics in Ho Chi Minh City, informing strategies to optimize treatment efficacy and prevent drug resistance.

Y sĩ, chuyên gia y tế công cộng, nhà hoạch định chính sách và các tổ chức liên quan đến phòng chống HIV/AIDS.

This study investigated tuân thủ điều trị ARV and its influencing factors among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving care at outpatient clinics in Ho Chi Minh City. Recognizing that effective ARV treatment is paramount for controlling tải lượng HIV, preventing drug resistance, and improving patient outcomes, the research adopted a cross-sectional design involving 410 HIV-positive patients from three outpatient clinics. Patient adherence was assessed based on medical records, following current guidelines, and logistic regression analysis was employed to identify associated factors. The findings revealed an overall tỷ lệ tuân thủ điều trị ARV of 88.5%. Importantly, several factors were significantly linked to adherence. Patients with rối loạn trầm cảm (depressive disorders), those with undetectable tải lượng HIV, a history of delayed treatment initiation, previous sexually transmitted infections (STIs), opportunistic infections, and those residing outside of Ho Chi Minh City showed specific associations with adherence. The study concludes that the observed tuân thủ điều trị ARV rate, while substantial, remains below the optimal ≥95% threshold, indicating a need for enhanced interventions. The implications highlight the necessity for targeted support programs, particularly for individuals experiencing mental health challenges such as trầm cảm, managing clinical comorbidities, and those facing geographical barriers to healthcare access. Such interventions are crucial for reducing the risk of ARV drug resistance and ultimately improving the overall effectiveness of HIV treatment.