Tỷ lệ nhiễm lao tiềm ẩn và các yếu tố liên quan ở người nghiện ma túy tại cơ sở cai nghiện tỉnh Cà Mau năm 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a formidable global health challenge, causing millions of new infections and deaths annually. A critical component of TB control, as outlined in global strategies like ending TB by 2035, is the identification and management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), which serves as the primary reservoir for future active disease. However, specific populations, such as drug addicts, exhibit heightened vulnerability to LTBI due to compromised immune systems, challenging living conditions, and high-risk behaviors including intravenous drug use. Understanding the epidemiology of LTBI in these groups is therefore paramount for targeted public health interventions. This study aims to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and its associated factors among drug addicts undergoing rehabilitation in Ca Mau province in 2025, providing essential data for effective prevention and control strategies.

Public health professionals, policymakers, healthcare providers working with drug rehabilitation centers, infectious disease specialists, and researchers in epidemiology and addiction medicine.

This cross-sectional descriptive study investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and its associated factors among 540 drug addicts undergoing rehabilitation at the drug rehabilitation center in Ca Mau province in 2025. Data were systematically collected through questionnaires and Mantoux test results, with statistical analysis performed using STATA 18.0, employing logistic regression to identify statistically significant associated factors (p < 0.05). The findings revealed a high prevalence of LTBI at 46.67% within the study population, significantly exceeding global averages. Multivariate analysis identified several key risk factors independently associated with LTBI. These included increased age group (aOR = 1.42), higher frequency of drug use (aOR = 1.37), engaging in intravenous drug use (aOR = 1.73), prolonged duration of addiction (aOR = 1.64), and a history of relapse (aOR = 2.51). These results underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions within this vulnerable population. The high prevalence and identified associated factors highlight the importance of systematic screening, early diagnosis, and personalized prevention programs for drug addicts to reduce the burden of tuberculosis and contribute to national and global TB eradication goals. The Mantoux test proved effective in identifying LTBI in this context, informing the need for comprehensive strategies that address both substance abuse and infectious disease prevention.