Thực trạng tuân thủ điều trị ARV ở người bệnh HIV/AIDS ngoại trú tại Trung tâm Y tế Quận 12, Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2024–2025

The global HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a significant public health challenge, despite substantial progress in prevention and treatment. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the cornerstone of HIV management, offering a pathway to improved quality of life, prolonged survival, and reduced transmission. However, the effectiveness of ART is heavily dependent on consistent adherence. Understanding the factors influencing Adherence to ART is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and achieving disease control. This study investigates the current status of Adherence to ART among HIV/AIDS outpatients at the District 12 Health Center in Ho Chi Minh City, aiming to describe the prevalence and levels of adherence, and identify associated factors to inform targeted interventions.

Healthcare professionals, public health researchers, policymakers, and organizations involved in HIV/AIDS care and treatment programs, especially in urban settings of Vietnam.

This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study assessed the rate and level of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among 353 HIV/AIDS outpatients receiving care at the Counseling, Substance Abuse Treatment, and HIV/AIDS Department of the District 12 Health Center in Ho Chi Minh City. The research employed the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to measure adherence levels. The findings revealed a relatively high overall rate of Adherence to ART at 84.1%, with 62.6% demonstrating high adherence and 37.4% showing medium adherence. Despite this positive outcome, a notable 15.9% of patients were identified as non-adherent, posing a risk to treatment efficacy and public health. A critical discovery was the significant association between patient knowledge and adherence: individuals with inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS were found to be 5.18 times more likely to be non-adherent compared to those with adequate knowledge (p < 0.001). Demographically, the study population was predominantly male (66.6%), Kinh ethnicity (98.9%), and a majority had been on ART for one year or longer (92.9%). These results underscore the vital role of patient education and counseling in maintaining high ART Adherence. The implication is that interventions focused on enhancing knowledge about HIV/AIDS among patients could substantially improve adherence rates and reduce treatment failures. Strategies should prioritize comprehensive counseling, peer support networks, and accessible information tailored to the needs of the non-adherent segment. This approach will contribute to better individual health outcomes and strengthen public health efforts in controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic at the local and national levels, particularly within settings like the District 12 Health Center.