Thái độ về lây nhiễm HIV/AIDS của sinh viên điều dưỡng Trường Đại học Kỹ thuật Y tế Hải Dương

HIV/AIDS remains a pressing global public health challenge, with millions infected worldwide and new cases continually emerging, particularly among vulnerable populations. Nursing students, as future frontline healthcare professionals, are integral to providing compassionate and effective care for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Their attitudes and knowledge are critical in shaping patient experiences and public health outcomes. However, a contemporary understanding of these perspectives among nursing students, especially in specific regional contexts, is often lacking. This study addresses this gap by investigating the attitudes of nursing students at Hai Duong Medical Technical University in 2020. It aims to describe their perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS infection and to explore the association between gender and these attitudes, underscoring the necessity for robust educational interventions.

Healthcare educators and curriculum developers in nursing and medical schools, public health policymakers, and researchers in HIV/AIDS and nursing ethics.

This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted at Hai Duong Medical Technical University in 2020 with 270 full-time nursing students, aimed to evaluate their attitudes towards HIV/AIDS infection and identify influencing factors, specifically gender. Employing a structured questionnaire, the research assessed students' knowledge and perceptions, categorizing attitudes as positive (scoring 60% or above) or otherwise. The findings revealed a concerning prevalence of negative attitudes, with only 13.7% of students demonstrating a positive outlook towards HIV/AIDS. A significant majority (86.3%) exhibited attitudes reflecting stigma, fear, and misunderstanding. For instance, 63.7% believed they had the right to refuse care for HIV patients, 92.6% felt anxious, and 80.4% would be reluctant to provide care. Furthermore, a high percentage (77.8% and 81.9%) indicated they would disclose patient status to family or colleagues without consent, highlighting a lack of respect for patient autonomy and confidentiality. Notably, female students displayed a 1.2 times more positive general attitude towards HIV/AIDS transmission compared to their male counterparts, a statistically significant difference. The study underscores the critical need for enhanced and targeted educational interventions within nursing curricula to cultivate professional, empathetic, and informed attitudes among future healthcare providers. It implies that current educational approaches may be insufficient in addressing deep-seated stigma and misconceptions, necessitating revisions to promote ethical practice, reduce discrimination, and ensure optimal care for individuals living with HIV/AIDS, particularly in sensitive healthcare settings.