BUOC D A U TIM HIEU MOT SO<br />
BIEU HIEN D A C TRUNG TRONG<br />
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GIAO TIEP CUA NGUOI HUE<br />
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Oau Minh Long<br />
Khoa Tdm ly - Gido due, Tnfdng DHSP Hue.<br />
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1. Dat vain de<br />
Hue - di sin vin hda cua nhan loai, tu liu da trd thanh diem den ha'p din<br />
cua du khich trong nudc va qud'c te. Hue dep khdng chi bdi nhGng canh sic<br />
thien nhien, khdng chi vi nhung ling tim, ddn dai ma Hue cdn quydn ru bdi<br />
nhGng ndt ddc dio khic. Dd chfnh la vin hda giao tiep cua ngudi Tlue. Trai qua<br />
bao thing tram cua lich su, do nhidu cin nguyen khac nhau, die biet la sir anh<br />
hudng siu sic cua Nho giao, cua Phit giao va nhung die diem ve dieu kien tu<br />
nbidn - van hda - xa hdi da lim cho ngudi Hue cd nhGng die trung trong giao<br />
tie'p rii rieng, tbim tram, siu lang va kfn dao, khd cd the lin vao bai cG noi nao.<br />
Nhung dac trung giao tidp dd, xet tren nhieu binh dien khic nhau, nd vGa cd<br />
nhung uu diem, vGa cd nhung ban chd nhii dinh.<br />
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Trong xu the phat tridn, hgi nhap hien nay, viec nghien cGu cic die<br />
trung trong giao tiep cua ngudi Hue vua cd y nghia ly luan, vGa cd y nghia thuc<br />
tidn. Nd se la co sd khoa hgc dd chung ta hieu sau hon vd cich ung xu cua<br />
ngudi Hue ndi rieng va con ngudi Hue ndi chung.<br />
2. Mgt sd bieu hien dac trung trong giao tiep cua ngudi Hue<br />
Die trung trong giao tidp cd thd dugc xem la nhGng net ridng biet, tieu<br />
bieu ve giao tidp, thd hien qua cich ndi ning, xung hd, Gng xu... cua mdt ci<br />
nhin hoic mdt nhdm ngudi va cd thd phin biet vdi ca nhin khac, nhdm ngudi<br />
khic.<br />
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52 TAP CHI' TAM Ly HOC, Sd 1 (130), 1 - 2010<br />
Khi nghidn cuu cac die trung trong giao tidp ciia ngudi Hue. chung tdi<br />
tip trung nghien cun bidu hien d cic phuong d.en cu thd nhu ngdn ngG tranc<br />
phuc, cu chi, hinh ddng, trong ddi sdng gia dinh va xa hgi.<br />
2.1. Bieu hien a phuang dien ngdn ngu<br />
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Ngdn ngG la phuong tien giao tidp quan trgng nhii ciia con ngudi. Khi<br />
ndi de'n die trung trong giao tidp cua mgt din tdc, mgt vung midn thi khdng thd<br />
khdng ndi den ngdn ngu. Die didm ndi bit cua ngdn ngG ngudi Hue chfnh la su<br />
nhd nhe, le phep. Die trung niy dugc bit ngudn tG ydu td tu nhien vi yeu td<br />
lich su - xa hdi. Hue, vdi thien nhien tho mdng, sdng nudc hGu tinh... Nhd vay,<br />
ngudi Hue thudng nhd nhe trong Idi ndi, trong each Gng xu hang ngiy. Ngudi<br />
Hue thudng dung tu "dg, dg thua" nhu mdt tG dem, Idi ndi cua mieng cho viec<br />
xung hd. Viec su dung ngdn ngG niy cua ngudi Hud cd thd dugc ly giai tu gdc<br />
do lich su nhu sau: Hue tGng li thu phu cua xG Ding Trong, rdi trd thanh kinh<br />
dd cua dii nudc. Ngoai cung cim, Hud cdn nhidu phu de, quan vien, con vua,<br />
chau chGa... Vua chua, vdi quydn uy cua minh, khdng can in to ndi Idn, quan<br />
lai khdng dam ndi to trudc dGc vua va tridu thin. Chdn kinh ki Idi ndi phai nhd<br />
nhe, tG tdn, cin trgng.<br />
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Mdt die didm khic, khi die trung cua ngdn ngG ngudi Hue la sir mdc<br />
mac, gian di trong cich xung hd, trong Idi in tidng ndi hing ngiy. Cic nhi<br />
ngdn ngG hgc khi phin chia cac phuong ngu cua tidng Viet, tbim chf da coi<br />
'Tieng Line' nhu li mgt phuong ngG rieng, khdng lin vdi bii ky phuong ngG<br />
nio. Khi giao tiep, ngudi Hue thudng sir dung cic tu ngG dia phuong nhu md,<br />
te, ring, rua, man, chi, he, bf... cung vdi sir chii phic, that thi, tdi bung cua<br />
minh. Tii ca nhGng yeu td dd da lam cho ngdn ngG ngudi Hue trd nen nggt<br />
ngao, dam i'm, day sGc quydn rG Idng ngudi...<br />
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2.2. Bieu Men dphuang dien trang phuc, cu chi, hdnh ddng<br />
Mgt trong nhGng bidu hien die trung khi ddc dio trong giao tidp cua<br />
ngudi Hud dd chfnh la trang phuc. Ngudi Hud thudng rii gian di, ft cau ki trong<br />
in mac. Didu nay dugc bidu hien d ca ngudi binh din, ci cin bd, trf thuc, cgng<br />
chuc Nhi nudc. Ngudi ta thudng ndi, nhin trang phuc doin nhin cich, doin<br />
nghe nghiep, hoan canh... Ddi vdi ngudi Hud thi dd qui li mdt viec lim khd<br />
khin.<br />
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TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, S d l (130), 1-2010 53<br />
Ndi den trang phuc cua ngudi Hud, ta khdng thd khdng ndi de'n ta ao dai<br />
ciia ngudi phu nu noi day. Cung vdi chide ndn Bai tho, ao dai Hue da trd thanh<br />
mdt bidu tugng dep cua Cd dd. Ve dep diu dang, e le, kin dio cua ngudi phu nG<br />
Hud, mdt phin cung do ta io dai tao nen.<br />
Didu lam say dim Idng ngudi khi den Hue ngoai canh sic thien nhien,<br />
ngoai Idi ndi nhd nhe, ngoii ta ao tim mdng mO cdn la sU diu dang, doan trang<br />
trong cu chi, hanh ddng cua con ngudi noi day. Trong giao tie'p, ngudi Hue<br />
ludn hidu khich vi coi trgng tinh cam. Vi viy, ngudi Hue ludn biet ling nghe y<br />
kidn cua ngudi khic, khdng vdi vang, vd vip. Trong boat dgng, ngudi Hue rii<br />
tu tdn, didm dam; di dung thi nhe nhang, khoan thai. Cung each giao tiep cua<br />
ngudi Hue thd bidn d Id nghia, nd ndp, kfnh tren nhudng dudi.<br />
2.3. Bieu Men trong ddi sdng gia dinh vd ngodi xd hoi<br />
Gia dinh la td i'm cua mdi ngudi, la noi vun dip tinh yeu thuong, la noi<br />
se chia nhGng vui budn cua ddi sdng thudng nhat. Cich c\x xu trong gia dinh<br />
cua ngudi Hue thd hien siu sic cic die trung trong Gng xu cua hg. O Hue cd<br />
nhieu gia dinh sdng theo kidu "Tam dai ddng dudng", "TG dai ddng dudng".<br />
Nghia li ba, bdn the he sdng dudi mgt mai nha chung, rai dim i'm, hda thuin.<br />
Dd la bidu hien tfnh miu muc cua gia dinh truyen thd'ng.<br />
Trong gia dinh, ngudi Hue sdng cd trdn cd dudi, ngudi nhd hon phii<br />
nghe Idi ngudi Idn hon. Bidu hien rd nhii la Id nghi "di thua, ve trinh". Nd da<br />
trd thinh ndp sdng, thinh tiem thuc cua ngudi Hue. Vi hanh phuc gia dinh ma<br />
ngudi Hud ludn chgn cho minh mdt cich sdng rieng, ngudi nhd hon thi nhin<br />
nhin. ngudi Idn hon thi miu muc, mgi ngudi ludn nhudng nhin nhau, cd bet sGc<br />
dd giu cho gia dinh hoa thuin, i'm dm. Giao due gia dinh rii dugc ngudi Hue dd<br />
cao va thuc td diy la ydu td rii quan trgng trong viec hinh thanh, phit tridn<br />
nhin cich cua con ngudi noi diy. Gin nhu tii ca cac Id nghi, cac each thGc<br />
sdng, ung xu... cua ngudi Hue ddu dugc giao due ngay trong gia dinh. Nhd viy<br />
ma trong giao tidp, Gng xu, ngudi Hue thudng cd y thuc tdi ve nhGng vice nen<br />
lam vi khdng nen lim, nhGng didu nen ndi va khdng nen ndi; cGng nhu each<br />
ung xir vdi tung mdi quan he cu thd giGa anh vdi em. cha me vdi con. chdng vdi<br />
vg...<br />
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3. Ket luan<br />
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54 TAP CHI' TAM Ly HOC. Sd 1 (130), 1 - 2010<br />
Mdi dan tdc, mdi vGng midn deu cd nhung die trung ridng vd giao tie'p,<br />
Gng xu. Ngudi Flue, vdi tii ca cac cin nguyen rieng cua minh da tao ra nhGng<br />
die trung rai rieng ve giao tidp va Gng xir. NhGng die trung dd dugc the hien<br />
thdng qua each ndi nang nhd nhe. Id phep, thdng qua cich su dung trang phuc<br />
kfn dao, gian di, thdng qua viec giG gin cac chuan muc cua gia dinh truydn<br />
thdng hay la su chit che trong ddi sdng cdng ddng... Trong xu the phat tridn,<br />
ddi mdi chung cua dii nudc, nhung die trung dd la net dep, la ban sic rieng cin<br />
dugc gin giG, phit huy.<br />
Tren diy chi li nhGng bidu hien budc diu vd die trung giao tidp cua<br />
ngudi Hue. Vi'n dd nay cin dugc nghien cGu siu va cd he thdng hon, cGng nhu<br />
tG nhidu gdc do khic nhau. Cd nhu viy chung ta mdi hieu dugc day du vd giao<br />
tidp va con ngudi xG Hue.<br />
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Tai lieu tham khao<br />
1. Duong Van An (1961), O Chdu can luc. Van boa A Chau, Sai Gon.<br />
2. Phan Thuan An (1988), Mat sd di tich lich sif vdn hda tgi Thitdn An, Van hoa Binh<br />
Tri Thien.<br />
3. Vuong Huu Ld (1992), Cdc dgc diem ngil dm ciia tieng Hue, Thong tin khoa hoc va<br />
cong nghe. Hue'.<br />
4. Hoang Phe (chu bien) (2006), Tif dien Tieng Viet, Nxb Da .Ning.<br />
5. Nhieu tie gia (1998), Cd dd Hue Dep vd Tha, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hue.<br />
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TAP CHI'TAMLy HOC, Sd 1 (130), 1 -2010 -''^<br />
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