Bước đầu tìm hiểu một số biểu hiện đặc trưng trong giao tiếp của người Huế

BUOC D A U TIM HIEU MOT SO<br /> BIEU HIEN D A C TRUNG TRONG<br /> • •<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> GIAO TIEP CUA NGUOI HUE<br /> <br /> Oau Minh Long<br /> Khoa Tdm ly - Gido due, Tnfdng DHSP Hue.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1. Dat vain de<br /> Hue - di sin vin hda cua nhan loai, tu liu da trd thanh diem den ha'p din<br /> cua du khich trong nudc va qud'c te. Hue dep khdng chi bdi nhGng canh sic<br /> thien nhien, khdng chi vi nhung ling tim, ddn dai ma Hue cdn quydn ru bdi<br /> nhGng ndt ddc dio khic. Dd chfnh la vin hda giao tiep cua ngudi Tlue. Trai qua<br /> bao thing tram cua lich su, do nhidu cin nguyen khac nhau, die biet la sir anh<br /> hudng siu sic cua Nho giao, cua Phit giao va nhung die diem ve dieu kien tu<br /> nbidn - van hda - xa hdi da lim cho ngudi Hue cd nhGng die trung trong giao<br /> tie'p rii rieng, tbim tram, siu lang va kfn dao, khd cd the lin vao bai cG noi nao.<br /> Nhung dac trung giao tidp dd, xet tren nhieu binh dien khic nhau, nd vGa cd<br /> nhung uu diem, vGa cd nhung ban chd nhii dinh.<br /> <br /> Trong xu the phat tridn, hgi nhap hien nay, viec nghien cGu cic die<br /> trung trong giao tiep cua ngudi Hue vua cd y nghia ly luan, vGa cd y nghia thuc<br /> tidn. Nd se la co sd khoa hgc dd chung ta hieu sau hon vd cich ung xu cua<br /> ngudi Hue ndi rieng va con ngudi Hue ndi chung.<br /> 2. Mgt sd bieu hien dac trung trong giao tiep cua ngudi Hue<br /> Die trung trong giao tidp cd thd dugc xem la nhGng net ridng biet, tieu<br /> bieu ve giao tidp, thd hien qua cich ndi ning, xung hd, Gng xu... cua mdt ci<br /> nhin hoic mdt nhdm ngudi va cd thd phin biet vdi ca nhin khac, nhdm ngudi<br /> khic.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 52 TAP CHI' TAM Ly HOC, Sd 1 (130), 1 - 2010<br />  Khi nghidn cuu cac die trung trong giao tidp ciia ngudi Hue. chung tdi<br /> tip trung nghien cun bidu hien d cic phuong d.en cu thd nhu ngdn ngG tranc<br /> phuc, cu chi, hinh ddng, trong ddi sdng gia dinh va xa hgi.<br /> 2.1. Bieu hien a phuang dien ngdn ngu<br /> <br /> Ngdn ngG la phuong tien giao tidp quan trgng nhii ciia con ngudi. Khi<br /> ndi de'n die trung trong giao tidp cua mgt din tdc, mgt vung midn thi khdng thd<br /> khdng ndi den ngdn ngu. Die didm ndi bit cua ngdn ngG ngudi Hue chfnh la su<br /> nhd nhe, le phep. Die trung niy dugc bit ngudn tG ydu td tu nhien vi yeu td<br /> lich su - xa hdi. Hue, vdi thien nhien tho mdng, sdng nudc hGu tinh... Nhd vay,<br /> ngudi Hue thudng nhd nhe trong Idi ndi, trong each Gng xu hang ngiy. Ngudi<br /> Hue thudng dung tu "dg, dg thua" nhu mdt tG dem, Idi ndi cua mieng cho viec<br /> xung hd. Viec su dung ngdn ngG niy cua ngudi Hud cd thd dugc ly giai tu gdc<br /> do lich su nhu sau: Hue tGng li thu phu cua xG Ding Trong, rdi trd thanh kinh<br /> dd cua dii nudc. Ngoai cung cim, Hud cdn nhidu phu de, quan vien, con vua,<br /> chau chGa... Vua chua, vdi quydn uy cua minh, khdng can in to ndi Idn, quan<br /> lai khdng dam ndi to trudc dGc vua va tridu thin. Chdn kinh ki Idi ndi phai nhd<br /> nhe, tG tdn, cin trgng.<br /> <br /> Mdt die didm khic, khi die trung cua ngdn ngG ngudi Hue la sir mdc<br /> mac, gian di trong cich xung hd, trong Idi in tidng ndi hing ngiy. Cic nhi<br /> ngdn ngG hgc khi phin chia cac phuong ngu cua tidng Viet, tbim chf da coi<br /> 'Tieng Line' nhu li mgt phuong ngG rieng, khdng lin vdi bii ky phuong ngG<br /> nio. Khi giao tiep, ngudi Hue thudng sir dung cic tu ngG dia phuong nhu md,<br /> te, ring, rua, man, chi, he, bf... cung vdi sir chii phic, that thi, tdi bung cua<br /> minh. Tii ca nhGng yeu td dd da lam cho ngdn ngG ngudi Hue trd nen nggt<br /> ngao, dam i'm, day sGc quydn rG Idng ngudi...<br /> <br /> 2.2. Bieu Men dphuang dien trang phuc, cu chi, hdnh ddng<br /> Mgt trong nhGng bidu hien die trung khi ddc dio trong giao tidp cua<br /> ngudi Hud dd chfnh la trang phuc. Ngudi Hud thudng rii gian di, ft cau ki trong<br /> in mac. Didu nay dugc bidu hien d ca ngudi binh din, ci cin bd, trf thuc, cgng<br /> chuc Nhi nudc. Ngudi ta thudng ndi, nhin trang phuc doin nhin cich, doin<br /> nghe nghiep, hoan canh... Ddi vdi ngudi Hud thi dd qui li mdt viec lim khd<br /> khin.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI TAMLy HOC, S d l (130), 1-2010 53<br />  Ndi den trang phuc cua ngudi Hud, ta khdng thd khdng ndi de'n ta ao dai<br /> ciia ngudi phu nu noi day. Cung vdi chide ndn Bai tho, ao dai Hue da trd thanh<br /> mdt bidu tugng dep cua Cd dd. Ve dep diu dang, e le, kin dio cua ngudi phu nG<br /> Hud, mdt phin cung do ta io dai tao nen.<br /> Didu lam say dim Idng ngudi khi den Hue ngoai canh sic thien nhien,<br /> ngoai Idi ndi nhd nhe, ngoii ta ao tim mdng mO cdn la sU diu dang, doan trang<br /> trong cu chi, hanh ddng cua con ngudi noi day. Trong giao tie'p, ngudi Hue<br /> ludn hidu khich vi coi trgng tinh cam. Vi viy, ngudi Hue ludn biet ling nghe y<br /> kidn cua ngudi khic, khdng vdi vang, vd vip. Trong boat dgng, ngudi Hue rii<br /> tu tdn, didm dam; di dung thi nhe nhang, khoan thai. Cung each giao tiep cua<br /> ngudi Hue thd bidn d Id nghia, nd ndp, kfnh tren nhudng dudi.<br /> 2.3. Bieu Men trong ddi sdng gia dinh vd ngodi xd hoi<br /> Gia dinh la td i'm cua mdi ngudi, la noi vun dip tinh yeu thuong, la noi<br /> se chia nhGng vui budn cua ddi sdng thudng nhat. Cich c\x xu trong gia dinh<br /> cua ngudi Hue thd hien siu sic cic die trung trong Gng xu cua hg. O Hue cd<br /> nhieu gia dinh sdng theo kidu "Tam dai ddng dudng", "TG dai ddng dudng".<br /> Nghia li ba, bdn the he sdng dudi mgt mai nha chung, rai dim i'm, hda thuin.<br /> Dd la bidu hien tfnh miu muc cua gia dinh truyen thd'ng.<br /> Trong gia dinh, ngudi Hue sdng cd trdn cd dudi, ngudi nhd hon phii<br /> nghe Idi ngudi Idn hon. Bidu hien rd nhii la Id nghi "di thua, ve trinh". Nd da<br /> trd thinh ndp sdng, thinh tiem thuc cua ngudi Hue. Vi hanh phuc gia dinh ma<br /> ngudi Hud ludn chgn cho minh mdt cich sdng rieng, ngudi nhd hon thi nhin<br /> nhin. ngudi Idn hon thi miu muc, mgi ngudi ludn nhudng nhin nhau, cd bet sGc<br /> dd giu cho gia dinh hoa thuin, i'm dm. Giao due gia dinh rii dugc ngudi Hue dd<br /> cao va thuc td diy la ydu td rii quan trgng trong viec hinh thanh, phit tridn<br /> nhin cich cua con ngudi noi diy. Gin nhu tii ca cac Id nghi, cac each thGc<br /> sdng, ung xu... cua ngudi Hue ddu dugc giao due ngay trong gia dinh. Nhd viy<br /> ma trong giao tidp, Gng xu, ngudi Hue thudng cd y thuc tdi ve nhGng vice nen<br /> lam vi khdng nen lim, nhGng didu nen ndi va khdng nen ndi; cGng nhu each<br /> ung xir vdi tung mdi quan he cu thd giGa anh vdi em. cha me vdi con. chdng vdi<br /> vg...<br /> <br /> 3. Ket luan<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 54 TAP CHI' TAM Ly HOC. Sd 1 (130), 1 - 2010<br />  Mdi dan tdc, mdi vGng midn deu cd nhung die trung ridng vd giao tie'p,<br /> Gng xu. Ngudi Flue, vdi tii ca cac cin nguyen rieng cua minh da tao ra nhGng<br /> die trung rai rieng ve giao tidp va Gng xir. NhGng die trung dd dugc the hien<br /> thdng qua each ndi nang nhd nhe. Id phep, thdng qua cich su dung trang phuc<br /> kfn dao, gian di, thdng qua viec giG gin cac chuan muc cua gia dinh truydn<br /> thdng hay la su chit che trong ddi sdng cdng ddng... Trong xu the phat tridn,<br /> ddi mdi chung cua dii nudc, nhung die trung dd la net dep, la ban sic rieng cin<br /> dugc gin giG, phit huy.<br /> Tren diy chi li nhGng bidu hien budc diu vd die trung giao tidp cua<br /> ngudi Hue. Vi'n dd nay cin dugc nghien cGu siu va cd he thdng hon, cGng nhu<br /> tG nhidu gdc do khic nhau. Cd nhu viy chung ta mdi hieu dugc day du vd giao<br /> tidp va con ngudi xG Hue.<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai lieu tham khao<br /> 1. Duong Van An (1961), O Chdu can luc. Van boa A Chau, Sai Gon.<br /> 2. Phan Thuan An (1988), Mat sd di tich lich sif vdn hda tgi Thitdn An, Van hoa Binh<br /> Tri Thien.<br /> 3. Vuong Huu Ld (1992), Cdc dgc diem ngil dm ciia tieng Hue, Thong tin khoa hoc va<br /> cong nghe. Hue'.<br /> 4. Hoang Phe (chu bien) (2006), Tif dien Tieng Viet, Nxb Da .Ning.<br /> 5. Nhieu tie gia (1998), Cd dd Hue Dep vd Tha, Nxb Thuan Hoa, Hue.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> TAP CHI'TAMLy HOC, Sd 1 (130), 1 -2010 -''^<br />