Curriculum English for Nutrition and Food Siences: Part 1

Chia sẻ: 9 9 | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:35

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

104
lượt xem 16
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Curriculum English for Nutrition and Food Siences: Part 1 structure consists of 10 lessons. Part 1 of the curriculum content presented 5 first lesson, lesson 1 presents the Food and Nutrition, unit 2 - Essential Nutrients, unit 3 - Food Groups, unit 4 - Food Preservation, unit 5 - Cooking. Invite you to refer to capture the details of the curriculum.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: Curriculum English for Nutrition and Food Siences: Part 1

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FOREIGN LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD AND NUTRITION 1 1 FOOD AND NUTRITION READING COMPREHENSION All living organisms require food for survival, growth, and reproduction. Most broadly, the term food can be taken to include any kind of nutrient needed by animals, plants, and simpler forms of life, on down to bacteria. This would include, for example, the inorganic substances that 5 plants draw from air and water. The processes that circulate these basic nutrients in the environment are called nutrient cycles, and the processes by which organisms make use of nutrients are collectively known as metabolism. In terms of the energy needs of humans and other animals, food consists 10 of carbohydrate, fat, and protein, along with vitamins and minerals. Humans may consume a wide range of different food substances, as long as they meet nutrition requirements. Otherwise nutritional- deficiency diseases will develop. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
2 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES 15 Nutrition is the science that interprets the relationship of food to the functioning of the living organism. It is concerned with the intake of food, digestive processes, the liberation of energy, and the elimination of wastes, as well as with all the syntheses that are essential for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. These fundamental activities are 20 characteristic of all living organisms – from the simplest to the most complex plants and animals. Nutrients are substances, either naturally occurring or synthesized, that are necessary for maintenance of the normal function of organisms. These include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals, water, and some unknown substances. 25 The nutritionist, a scientist working in the field of nutrition, differs from the dietitian, who translates the science of nutrition into the skill of furnishing optimal nourishment to people. Dietetics is a profession concerned with the science and art of human nutrition care, an essential component of the health sciences. The treatment of disease by 30 modification of the diet lies within the province of the physician and the dietitian. The foods consumed by humans must contain, in adequate amounts, about 45 to 50 highly important substances. Water and oxygen are equally essential. Starting only with these essential nutrients obtained 35 from food, the body makes literally thousands of substances necessary for life and physical fitness. Most of these substances are far more complicated in structure than the original nutrients. Energy metabolism and requirements are customarily expressed in terms of the calorie, a heat unit. Adoption of the calorie by nutritionists 40 followed quite naturally from the original methods of measuring energy metabolism. The magnitude of human energy metabolism, however, made it awkward to record the calorie measured, so the convention of the large calorie, or kilocalorie (kcal), was accepted. Atwater factors, also called physiologic fuel factors, are based on the corrections for 45 losses of unabsorbed nutrients in the feces and for the calorie equivalent of the nitrogenous products in the urine. These factors are as follows: 1g of pure protein will yield 4 calories, 1g of pure fat will yield 9 calories, and 1 g of pure carbohydrate will yield 4 calories. Questions: Answer the questions about the reading. 1) What is food? 2) What are nutrient cycles? 3) What is metabolism? 4) How different are the nutritionist and the dietitian? 5) What are physiologic fuel factors? True-False: Write T if the sentence is true and F if it is false. _____ The term food does not include the inorganic substances that plants draw from air and water. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD AND NUTRITION 3 _____ The intake of food, digestive processes, the liberation of energy, and the elimination of wastes are the fundamental activities of all living organisms. _____ Unless food substances humans consume meet nutrition requirements, nutritional-deficiency diseases will develop. _____ Water and oxygen are equally essential. _____ The treatment of disease by modification of the diet lies within the province of the physician and the nutritionist. VOCABULARY Fill in these statements with the words in the box. diet dietetics nutrients metabolism organisms consume province nutrition synthesis nourishment 1) Improvements in ……………… have been mostly to do with persuading people to eat less fatty food and more raw vegetables. 2) Exercise is supposed to speed up your ………………. 3) A young baby obtains all the ……………… it needs from its mother's milk. 4) If you have a balanced ………………, you are getting all the vitamins you need. 5) ……………… is the scientific study of diet and its effects on health. 6) Humans may ……………… a wide range of different food substances. 7) The treatment of disease by modification of the diet lies within the ……………… of the physician and the dietitian. 8) Plants draw minerals and other ……………… from the soil. 9) All living ……………… require food for survival, growth, and reproduction. 10) Plants need sunlight for the ……………… of their food from carbon dioxide and water. WORD STUDY A. UN-, IM-, IN-, DIS-, AND NON- The prefixes un-, im-, in-, dis-, and non- can be added to the beginning of some words. These prefixes mean “not.” Look at this example: un- + healthy = unhealthy Smoking is not good for you. It’s unhealthy. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
4 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES Here are other words with these negative prefixes. un- unimportant, unpopular im- impossible in- incomplete, inexpensive dis- discontinue non- nonfat Exercise: Choose the best word to complete each sentence. 1) A person who is unfriendly is probably ………, too. A. unpopular B. unusual C. uncomfortable D. unimportant 2) The service at this restaurant is very slow. It’s ……… to have a quick lunch here! A. impossible B. important C. immoral D. immediate 3) The airline will ……… service to that city. It is not a popular place to go. A. discontinue B. disagree C. disable D. discover 4) ……… yogurt is better for you than ice cream. A. Nonstop B. Nonfat C. Nonstandard D. Nonstick 5) Jaime’s homework is ……… because he felt sick last night. A. inexpensive B. incomplete C. inflexible D. inevitable B. MENT AND ER Some nouns and verbs have the same form. We can add a special ending, or suffix, to other verbs to make noun forms. Here are some examples: same form -ment -er verb noun verb noun verb noun order order govern government drive driver drink drink agree agreement own owner cost cost run runner work worker Exercise: Complete the sentences with verbs and nouns from the chart. (If you need to, make the nouns plural. Also, make sure that each verb agrees with its subject.) 1) Susan is the fastest ……………… . She can ……………… the race in less than three minutes. 2) The bus ……………… will not ……………… an unsafe bus. 3) I think the two companies will ……………… to work together. They will both sign the ………………. 4) – Did Saul ……………… a salad and some tea? – Yes. Now he’s waiting for his ……………… . 5) Joseph bought a lot of food and ……………… for the get-together. He hopes that everyone will eat and ……………… a lot. 6) Even though they……………… hard, most of the ……………… Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD AND NUTRITION 5 at fast-food restaurants do not make a lot of money. 7) – My aunt is the ……………… of that popular take-out restaurant on Main Street. – Does she ……………… the restaurant on Green Street, too? C. TH AND GHT Some nouns that end in th or ght are related to similar words that are not nouns. Read the following pairs of sentences and see how the words in bold print are related. 1) Some cities grow quickly. Their growth is fast. 2) The street is five kilometers long. The length is five kilometers. 3) The street is fifteen meters wide. Its width is fifteen meters. 4) The lake is thirty meters deep. Its depth is thirty meters. 5) Joanna is very strong. She has a lot of strength. 6) How high is that building? What is its height? 7) Anna weighs 50 kilos. Her weight is 50 kilos. Exercise: Now choose the best word for each sentence. Use each word only once. depth height strength width growth length weight 1) The flag is flying high above the ground. The …………………of that flagpole is about 20 meters. 2) The …………………of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco is about 1,400 meters. It is a very long bridge. 3) What is the …………………of the Pacific Ocean at its deepest point? 4) People who build houses must be very strong. They must have great …………………in their arms. 5) Plants need a lot of water to grow. Without it, their ……………… is slow. 6) What is the …………………of your garage? Is it wide enough to park two cars inside? 7) David is very thin now. He weighs only 49 kilos. He lost a lot of …………………. STRUCTURE STUDY THE PASSIVE A sentence is often written in a passive form when the important idea is not WHO does something, but WHAT IS DONE. (a) They measured the extension in the steel bar. (b) The extension in the steel bar was measured. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
6 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES If the doer of the action has some importance (though less than the object), or is needed to complete the sense of the sentence, it is given, e.g. ‘A knowledge of statistics is required by every type of scientists.’ Passives can be formed in the following ways: A tense of be + past participle active: He cooked the food. passive: The food was cooked. Modal + be / have been + past participle active: He may cook the food. passive: The food may be cooked. to be / to have been + past participle active: He is to cook the food. passive: The food is to be cooked. being / having been + past participle active: Cooking / Having cooked … passive: Being / Having been cooked … Exercise: Rewrite the following sentences in the passive : 1) People apply mathematics in many different activities. 2) People use computers for many different purposes. 3) People use the decimal system even in countries with non- decimalized systems of weights and measurements. 4) Water covers most of the Earth’s surface. 5) Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived. 6) Huge ocean waves swept houses into the sea. 7) They have postponed the seminar. 8) A mystery is something that we can explain. 9) We are going to build a new zoo next year. 10) The vegetables didn’t taste very good. People had cooked them for too long. 11) The situation is serious. We must do something before it’s too late. 12) When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game. 13) They are building a new ring road round the city. 14) I don’t like people telling me what to do. 15) We gave the police the information. 16) We will give you plenty of time to decide. 17) They must first clean sewage in treatment plants. 18) Has anybody told you about ecology? 19) In modern zoos, people can see animals in more natural habitats. 20) He said that he wanted somebody to wake him up at 6.30 next morning. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
ESSENRIAL NUTRIENTS 7 2 ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS READING COMPREHENSION Water The human body contains 50 to 70% water, making it the most abundant compound in the body. Because there is no storage of water within the body water must be replaced continually. Water may be obtained from 5 beverages, foods, and from energy metabolism within the body. Water functions in temperature regulation, as a solvent, in chemical reactions, and as a body lubricant. Adults must consume two to three liters of some form of water each day. Proteins 10 Proteins are widely distributed in nature, and no life-forms are known without them. They are made up of relatively simple organic compounds, the amino acids, which contain nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. Humans and animals build the protein they need for growth and repair of tissues by breaking down the proteins obtained in food into 15 their component parts, the amino acids, and then building up these components into proteins of the type needed. The protein-rich foods from animal sources contain complete proteins, which supply all the amino acids in the proper proportions necessary in the human diet. Although it was formerly believed that plant proteins had to be 20 combined at each meal, research shows that a balanced diet will provide the proper combinations. Vitamins and Minerals Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
8 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES Most foods contain several vitamins and minerals. Vitamins are organic food substances, needed only in minute quantities but essential for the 25 normal metabolism of other nutrients. Many vitamins and minerals act as catalysts or help form catalysts in the body. Minerals – such as calcium, iodine, and iron – are an essential part of all cells and body fluids and enter into many functions. Fats and Carbohydrates 30 Fats, which are widely distributed in nature, are a concentrated food source of energy. Fats are glyceryl esters of fatty acids and yield glycerol and many different fatty acids when broken down by hydrolysis. Carbohydrates are the most abundant food sources of energy. Important dietary carbohydrates are divided into two groups – 35 starches and sugars. The starches, which may be converted into utilizable sugars in plants or in the human body, are in the grains, the pulses, the tubers, and some rhizomes and roots. The sugars occur in many plants and fruits, the most important being sucrose, obtained from sugarcane or the sugar beet. 40 Dietary Fiber Dietary fiber, also known as bulk and roughage, is also an essential element in the diet even though it provides no nutrients. It consists of plant cellulose and other indigestible materials in foods, along with pectins and gums. The chewing it requires stimulates saliva flow, and 45 the bulk it adds in the stomach and intestines during digestion provides more time for absorption of nutrients. Diets with sufficient fiber produce softer, bulkier stools and help to promote bowel regularity and avoid constipation and other disorders, such as diverticulosis. 50 Fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breads, and products made from nuts and legumes are all sources of dietary fiber. A diet overly abundant in dietary fiber, however, can cut down on the absorption of important trace minerals during digestion. Vegetables, fruits, grains, and legumes constitute a rich source of dietary fiber. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
ESSENRIAL NUTRIENTS 9 Questions: Answer the questions about the reading. 1) What are the essential nutrients in human diet? 2) Where may water be obtained? 3) What are proteins used for? 4) Why are vitamins essential for the normal metabolism of other nutrients? 5) What are the two groups of important dietary carbohydrates? True-False: Write T if the sentence is true and F if it is false. 1) _____ Water functions in temperature regulation, as a solvent, in chemical reactions, and as a body lubricant. 2) _____ A few life-forms do not have proteins. 3) _____ Vitamins are inorganic food substances, needed only in minute quantities. 4) _____ Carbohydrates are the most abundant food sources of energy. 5) _____ A diet overly abundant in dietary fiber can help the absorption of important trace minerals during digestion. VOCABULARY Fill in these statements with the words in the box. bowel beverages indigestible tuber catalysts digestion absorption constipated starches balanced 1) You should eat more fiber and fruit if you are ………………. 2) Hot …………… include tea, coffee and hot chocolate. 3) Many vitamins and minerals help form …………… in the body. 4) Research shows that a …………… diet will provide the proper combinations. 5) Eating plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables can reduce the risk of cancer of the ……………. 6) A …………… the short thick round part of an underground stem or root of some plants, such as potatoes, which stores food and from which new plants grow. 7) Vegetables are usually cooked to aid ……………. 8) Vitamin D is necessary to aid the …………… of calcium from food. 9) Beans can be rather ……………. 10) …………… may be converted into utilizable sugars in plants or in the human body Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
10 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES WORD STUDY A. COMPOUND WORDS A compound word is two smaller words put together. The meaning of the compound word is related to the meanings of the two words. Here are some examples: bird + house = birdhouse (a place for birds to live) car + wash = carwash (a place to wash your car) Exercise: First, make compound words by putting together these pairs of words. some + one = ………………………… stop + light = ………………………… bed + room = ………………………… birth + day = ………………………… under + line = ………………………… note + book = ………………………… Now use the compound words to complete the sentences. 1) In class, students write notes in a ………………………… 2) I sleep in a bed in my ………………………… 3) Cars must stop when the …………………………is red. 4) Next week is my 20th …………………………. I am going to have a party for all my friends. I will be 20 years old. 5) If the teacher says to put a line under the verb, then we must ………………………… the verb. 6) ………………………… wants to talk to you on the telephone. I don’t know who it is. B. -AL, -ABLE, AND -FUL The suffixes -al, -able, and -ful can be added to the end of some words. These suffixes mean that something “is full of something” or “has something.” Here are some examples: Roses are beautiful flowers. (full of beauty) Puerto Rico has many coastal cities. (has a coast) That is a very comfortable chair. (has comfort) When you add these suffixes to a word, the new word becomes an adjective. An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. It usually comes before a noun or after the verb be. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
ESSENRIAL NUTRIENTS 11 Exercise: Practice making adjectives by adding the suffixes -al, -able, and -ful to the following words. Spelling Note: Change y to i before -al and -ful. noun (add –al) adjective verb (add -able) adjective coast ……………………… notice ……………………… season ……………………… agree ……………………… industry ……………………… enjoy ……………………… nation ……………………… noun (add -ful) adjective beauty ……………………… help ……………………… wonder ……………………… Complete each sentence with an adjective from the lists. 1) Most people in Puerto Rico live in …………………… cities. 2) The influence of Spain is very …………………… in San Juan. 3) The people of Puerto Rico are usually …………………… to tourists. 4) San Juan is a modern, …………………… city. 5) Puerto Ricans cannot vote in U.S. …………………… elections. 6) The beaches and mountains of Puerto Rico are …………………… 7) My cousins had a very …………………… time visiting the old city of San Juan. They bought some souvenirs and had a delicious lunch. 8) In general, Puerto Rico is a …………………… place to visit. C. -EN We can change some nouns and adjectives into verbs by adding the suffix -en. For example, if you add -en to the adjective dark, you get the word darken. Darken means “to make something dark.” Exercise: Look at these examples. Complete the chart. noun verb adjective verb strength strengthen weak weaken length …………...... …………...... widen short …………...... Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
12 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES STRUCTURE STUDY THE PASSIVE (continued) When we talk about what other people say, believe, etc we can use two possible passive forms. Compare: Active: People say that Mr. Ross is a millionaire. Passive (1): It is said that Mr. Ross is a millionaire. Passive (2): Mr. Ross is said to be a millionaire. We often use these passive forms in a formal style and with verbs such as: say, think, believe, consider, understand, know, report, expect, allege, claim, acknowledge, fear. Exercise: Read each sentence. Then make two new sentences in the passive. 1) People expect that taxes will be reduced soon. 2) People say that the monument is over 2000 years old. 3) People expect that the president will resign. 4) People think the fire started at about 8 o’clock. 5) Journalists reported that seven people had been injured in the fire. 6) They expect that a new law will be introduced next year. 7) People say that the concert was very good. 8) People allege that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. 9) They report that many people are homeless after the floods. 10) Those two houses belong to the same family. People say that there is a secret tunnel between them. 11) They say that the company is losing a lot of money. 12) People expect that the strike will end soon. 13) They believed that the workers had stolen the money. 14) They say that it was designed by Leonardo da Vinci. 15) They say that there is plenty of oil off our coast. 16) People know that there are thousands of different species of beetles. 17) They suppose that George is an expert in financial matters. 18) They say that thousands of new jobs will be created in the computer industry. 19) They reported that all the passengers had died in the crash. 20) They say that there are thousands of people waiting to renew their passports. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD GROUPS 13 3 FOOD GROUPS READING COMPREHENSION Bread and Cereal The bread-cereal group includes all breads and cereals that are whole- grain, enriched, or restored. The protein content is not high in cereals, 5 but these products can be a significant source of protein when they are consumed in large quantities. All cereals are very high in starch, and they are good, generally inexpensive sources of energy. The fat content of cereal products generally is very low unless the germ is included. Whole-grain products contribute significant quantities of fiber and such 10 trace vitamins and minerals as pantothenic acid, vitamin E, zinc, copper, manganese, and molybdenum. Vegetables Most vegetables are important sources of minerals, vitamins, and cellulose. Certain vegetables, such as potatoes, contribute appreciable 15 quantities of starch. Large amounts of the minerals calcium and iron are in vegetables, particularly beans, peas, and broccoli. Vegetables also help meet the body's need for sodium, chloride, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and potassium. Carotenes (the precursor of vitamin A) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are abundant in 20 many vegetables. Vegetables are useful as sources of roughage. Fruits The nutritional value of fruits varies. Some fruits are composed largely of water, but contain valuable vitamins. The citrus fruits are a valuable Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
14 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES source of vitamin C, and yellow-colored fruits, such as peaches, contain 25 carotene. Dried fruits contain an ample amount of iron, and figs and oranges are an excellent source of calcium. Like vegetables, fruits have a high cellulose content. Milk The milk group includes milk and milk products, cheese, and ice cream. 30 Milk is a complete protein food containing several protein complexes. It also contains important amounts of most nutrients, but it is very low in iron and ascorbic acid and low in niacin. Calcium and phosphorus levels in milk are very high. Vitamin A levels are high in whole milk, but this fat-soluble vitamin is removed in the production of skim milk. 35 Riboflavin is present in significant quantities in milk unless the milk has been exposed to light. Modern milking parlors enable few people to milk and inspect a large number of cows in a clean environment. Meat and Meat Substitutes The meat and meat substitutes group includes beef; veal; lamb; pork; 40 organ meats such as liver, heart, and kidney; poultry and eggs; fish and shellfish; and dried peas, beans, and nuts. The meat group contains many valuable nutrients. One of its main nutrients is protein, but meat also contains cholesterol, which is believed to contribute to coronary artery disease. The minerals copper, iron, and phosphorus occur in 45 meats in significant amounts, particularly iron and copper in liver. Different meats vary in their vitamin content. Liver usually contains a useful amount of vitamin A. Thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin, all B vitamins, occur in significant amounts in all meats. Other Foods 50 Butter, margarine, other fats, oils, sugars, or unenriched refined-grain products are included in the diet to round out meals and satisfy the appetite. Fats, oils, and sugars are added to other foods during preparation of the meal or at the table. These foods supply calories and can add to total nutrients in meals. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD GROUPS 15 Questions: Answer the questions about the reading. 1) What nutrients are provided most by breads and cereals? 2) What nutrients are provided by most vegetables? 3) What kinds of fruit contain vitamin C? 4) Why is milk a valuable food? 5) Why is meat believed to contribute to coronary artery disease? True-False: Write T if the sentence is true and F if it is false. 1) _____ Cereals provide a sufficient amount of protein for the human body’s need. 2) _____ Vegetables contain a significant amount of sodium, chloride, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and potassium. 3) _____ Vegetables have a high cellulose content, but fruits do not. 4) _____ Vitamin A levels are high in skim milk. 5) _____ Liver usually contains a useful amount of vitamin A. VOCABULARY Fill in these statements with the words in the box. contribute fat-soluble enriched appetite vary nutritional cholesterol germ mineral roughage 1) The fat content of cereal products generally is very low unless the ………… is included 2) Most breakfast cereals are ………… with vitamins. 3) Certain vegetables, such as potatoes, ………… appreciable quantities of starch. 4) Fruit and vegetables are important sources of …………. 5) Chemical sweeteners, like preservatives and colorings, have no value. 6) Vitamin A is a ………… vitamin, so it can dissolve in fat only. 7) Don't spoil your ………… by eating between meals. 8) ………… is thought to be part of the cause of heart disease if there is too much of it. 9) Different meats ………… in their vitamin content. 10) Many people drink ………… water because they do not want to drink tap water. Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
16 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES WORD STUDY A. RE- The prefix re- means “to do something again.” Here is an example: re- + read = reread (to read again) If you don’t understand a story the first time you read it, then you should reread it. Exercise: Add the prefix re- to each word in the box. Then choose the correct word to complete each sentence. arrange do order tell build married take write 1) José made many mistakes in his first composition. Before he gives it to his teacher tomorrow, he is going to ……………………… it. 2) Dave and Susan Johnson got divorced 10 years ago. Last year Susan got ………………… and moved to Canada with her new husband. 3) I think I should ……………………… the furniture in my apartment. The way I have the tables and chairs now makes the room look crowded. 4) Children love to hear their grandparents tell stories! They often ask their grandparents to ……………………… their favorite stories many times. 5) The new waiter at the restaurant forgot our order for dinner, so we had to …………………… everything. 6) If you don’t get a good score on the TOEFL exam this weekend, you can …………………… it next month. B. WORD FORMS: NOUNS Sometimes verbs and nouns have the same form. Sometimes we can change adjectives and verbs to nouns by adding a suffix or changing the form of the word. Look at the nouns below. Notice how they are related to other words. -ity same form adjective noun verb noun electric electricity change change able ability control control national nationality divorce divorce necessary necessity different form possible possibility marry marriage choose choice Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD GROUPS 17 Exercise: Practice using direct objects. Choose the correct noun form of the word in bold print to complete each sentence. electric 1) Yesterday there was a big storm and we lost the ……………………… at school. Everything was dark! national 2) Katarina was born in Spain. Her first language and her …………………... are Spanish. marry 3) Parents used to arrange the ……………………… of their child. Now people usually marry the person they love. control 4) After 1800 mothers usually stayed home and had ……………………… of the children and the home. necessary 5) An education is very important for a good life. Parents must explain this ……………………… to their children. able 6) My cousin is able to learn languages very quickly. She uses this ……………………… in her job as a tour guide. choose 7) You must choose which movie to see tonight. I chose the movie last week. Now it’s your ………………………. possible 8) Ali doesn’t know where to go on vacation. He might choose Mexico, but Puerto Rico is another ……………………… C. WORD FORMS: NOUNS Sometimes in English we can change an adjective to a noun by adding a suffix or changing the spelling. Look at the examples. Complete the chart. -ness t → ce adjective noun adjective noun smooth smoothness important importance happy happiness different ……… weak ……………… …………… silence When we add a suffix to some verbs, we can make nouns. Sometimes a verb and a noun have the same form. Look at these examples. -ture -er same form verb noun verb noun verb noun mix mixture explore explorer change change sign signature dry dryer work work furnish furniture wash washer start start Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
18 ENGLISH FOR NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCES Exercise: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in bold print. change 1) The teacher explained the reason for the ……… in the class schedule. different 2) Modern and traditional clothes are different. Do you understand the ………………………? explore 3) James Cook is the name of an ……………… furnish 4) What kind of ……………… do you have in your apartment? happy 5) Money does not always bring …………………… important 6) Social scientists do not understand the …………………… of animal carvings in Eskimo society. mix 7) To make lemonade, mix lemon juice and water. Then add sugar to the ……………………… . sign 8) There is a place for your ……………………… at the bottom of the application. Please sign it. silent 9) You can almost hear the ……………………… in northern Canada. It is very peaceful there. smooth 10) Handling the carvings makes them smoother, and ……………………… improves them. start 11) The students finished their homework in the cafeteria only five minutes before the ……………………… of class. work 12) What kind of ……………………… did you do in your native country? STRUCTURE STUDY THE CAUSATIVE Form have object past participle I am having a garage built at the moment. How often do you have your hair cut? We had our computer serviced last week. Simon has just had a suit made. You should have your eyes tested. Are you going to have new carpets fitted in your flat? Use We use the structure have something done to talk about something which we arrange for someone else to do for us. Compare: m building a garage at the moment. (I am building the garage Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn
FOOD GROUPS 19 myself.) m having a garage built at the moment. (I arranged for someone else to do this for me.” We can also use have something done when we do not arrange for someone else to do something for us. I had my leg broken in a football match. We had our fence blown down in a storm last week. We often use have something done un this way when something unpleasant or unexpected happens to someone. Note that we can often use get something done instead of have something done especially in an informal style e.g. I must get this jacket cleaned. Exercise: Complete the sentences using the correct form of having something done. 1) Are you going to ……………………………………… or shall I throw them away? (these shoes / repair) 2) My neighbors are ……………………………………… onto their house at the moment. (an extension / build) 3) I must ……………………………………… They keep falling off. (my glasses / mend) 4) Where do you …………………………………? It always looks very nice. (your hair / do) 5) I ……………………………………… on my car last month. (four new tires / fit) 6) I’ve just ……………………………………… (my suit / dry-clean) 7) Peter ……………………………………… while he was out at work. (his flat / burgle) 8) Mr. and Mrs. Woods ……………………………………… in a storm. (the roof of their house / damage) 9) Kate ……………………………………… from her bag while she was out shopping. (her wallet / steal) 10) My brother ……………………………………… in a football match. (his nose / break) Sưu tầm bởi: www.daihoc.com.vn