Đặc điểm bệnh và kết quả điều trị trẻ mắc u nguyên bào gan nhóm nguy cơ cao tại Bệnh viện Nhi Trung ương

Hepatoblastoma is recognized as a common and aggressive malignant liver tumor affecting children, posing significant challenges in pediatric oncology. The complexity of this disease, particularly in its high-risk forms, necessitates continuous advancements in therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. This study addresses the critical need for understanding the characteristics and efficacy of current treatment approaches for high-risk hepatoblastoma. By examining clinical and paraclinical features alongside initial treatment outcomes, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the management of this severe pediatric cancer, emphasizing the importance of effective treatment protocols such as SIOPEL 3 and SIOPEL 4 regimens.

Pediatric oncologists, hepatologists, and researchers focused on childhood liver cancers.

This retrospective study investigated the characteristics and treatment outcomes of 41 children under 15 years old diagnosed with **high-risk hepatoblastoma** at the Oncology Center of Vietnam National Children's Hospital between 2020 and 2024. The research utilized a case series design to analyze clinical and paraclinical features and the effectiveness of current **treatment** protocols, specifically SIOPEL 3 and SIOPEL 4 regimens. Key findings revealed a median patient age of 12 months at diagnosis, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Common clinical presentations included abdominal distension, palpable tumors, and incidental detection via ultrasound. A significant proportion of patients presented with anemia (90%) and thrombocytosis (68.3%), with solitary tumors identified in 51.2% and right liver tumors in 63.4%. Treatment outcomes indicated a pulmonary metastasis rate of 31.7%, with four cases undergoing liver transplantation and six receiving embolization. The study reported encouraging 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates of 78.33% and 72.24% respectively. The conclusion highlights that the **treatment** results for **high-risk hepatoblastoma** have improved significantly in recent years at the institution, suggesting that the implementation of advanced techniques like chemical embolization and liver transplantation, alongside optimized SIOPEL protocols, offers promising directions for improving prognosis and managing this challenging pediatric malignancy.