Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và đánh giá kết quả điều trị bệnh lý đục thủy tinh thể nhân cứng bằng phương pháp phaco tại Bệnh viện Mắt – Da Liễu Cà Mau và Bệnh viện Trường Đại học Y Dược Cần Thơ năm 2024–2025

Cataract-induced blindness remains a significant global public health concern, imposing substantial burdens on individuals and healthcare systems. Among its various forms, hard nucleus cataract represents an advanced and challenging stage, traditionally associated with higher surgical risks. While phacoemulsification has revolutionized cataract surgery, its efficacy and safety in treating hard nucleus cataracts require continuous evaluation, especially in specific regional contexts. This study addresses this critical need by assessing the clinical and subclinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of hard nucleus cataract patients undergoing phacoemulsification at key medical facilities in Vietnam, thereby contributing valuable data to optimize surgical strategies and patient care for this complex condition.

Ophthalmologists, medical researchers, and healthcare policy makers involved in eye care and surgical management of cataracts.

This research addresses the critical public health issue of cataract-induced blindness, specifically focusing on hard nucleus cataract, a severe form that poses significant challenges in surgical management. The study's objective was to describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics and evaluate the treatment outcomes of phacoemulsification for hard nucleus cataract patients. A cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis was conducted between May 2024 and May 2025, involving 69 patients diagnosed with Grade IV or V hard nucleus cataracts. These patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery at Ca Mau Eye and Dermatology Hospital and Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Key findings revealed that decreased visual acuity was the most prevalent subjective symptom, affecting 100% of cases, followed by glare (63.8%) and monocular diplopia/polyopia (15.9%). Morphologically, total opacity was the most common presentation (76.8%). Post-operatively, good ocular status was achieved in 66.7% of patients one month after surgery. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 76.8% without correction and 85.5% with correction after one month. While the majority experienced positive outcomes, some complications were noted, including corneal edema (30.4%) and increased intraocular pressure (5.8%). These results underscore the effectiveness and relative safety of phacoemulsification as a viable treatment option for even advanced cases of hard nucleus cataract. The study provides valuable regional data, reinforcing the importance of this surgical technique for improving visual outcomes and reducing the burden of blindness in patients with severe cataract.