Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị khò khè tái diễn ở trẻ dưới 5 tuổi tại Khoa Hô hấp Bệnh viện Sản Nhi Nghệ An năm 2024–2025

Recurrent wheezing is a common respiratory condition in young children, posing a significant public health challenge. Accurate diagnosis and effective management are crucial for improving patient outcomes and preventing progression to more severe conditions like asthma. Unfortunately, current management practices may not always align with international recommendations, highlighting a need for local epidemiological data. This study addresses this gap by characterizing the clinical and paraclinical features, as well as treatment outcomes, of recurrent wheezing in children under 5 years old at a specific hospital in Vietnam. The findings are vital for informing better clinical guidelines and educational initiatives, ultimately enhancing the quality of care for affected children.

Pediatricians, respiratory specialists, general practitioners, public health researchers, and healthcare policymakers interested in pediatric respiratory diseases and management in Vietnam.

Recurrent wheezing in young children represents a prevalent health issue with diverse etiologies and varied treatment responses, significantly impacting pediatric health. Understanding its local epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management gaps is critical for optimizing patient care and preventing long-term complications such as the development of asthma. This research delves into the specific context of a Vietnamese pediatric hospital to shed light on these aspects. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving 74 children under 5 years old who had experienced at least three wheezing episodes within 12 months. Comprehensive data encompassing clinical symptoms, paraclinical findings, identified causes, and treatment responses were meticulously collected and subjected to statistical analysis for the period of 2024-2025. Key findings revealed that the majority of the enrolled children were male (66.2%) with a mean age of 16.3 months, and over 80% experienced their first wheezing onset before 24 months of age. Bronchial asthma accounted for 35.4% of cases, while post-viral infection wheezing represented 25.7%, though a substantial 41.9% had unknown or other causes. Common symptoms observed were cough (100%) and upper respiratory infections. Notably, treatment primarily involved antibiotics and bronchodilators, with a strikingly low prescription rate for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), indicating a divergence from international guidelines. The implications of these findings are profound, underscoring an urgent need for improved diagnostic standardization, increased and appropriate utilization of ICS, and enhanced family education to optimize the management of recurrent wheezing in Vietnamese children. Addressing the current pattern of antibiotic overuse and ICS underuse is paramount for alleviating healthcare burdens and mitigating the risk of future asthma development, thereby aligning local clinical practices with established global recommendations. Further prospective studies are warranted to explore specific risk factors and evaluate long-term patient outcomes more comprehensively.