Lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị bệnh ho gà ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Sản Nhi Bắc Ninh số 2

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, remains a significant infectious disease globally, particularly affecting the pediatric population. Its highly contagious nature and potential for severe complications, especially in infants who are too young to be vaccinated or are incompletely immunized, underscore the urgency of effective management. Early and accurate diagnosis, coupled with appropriate treatment strategies and identification of risk factors, are paramount to improving clinical outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality rates among affected children. This study aims to describe the clinical and paraclinical features of pertussis and evaluate treatment effectiveness in pediatric patients.

Pediatricians, infectious disease specialists, general practitioners, and public health officials involved in the management and prevention of pertussis in children, particularly in regional hospitals.

This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and evaluated treatment outcomes for 36 pediatric patients diagnosed with **pertussis** at Bac Ninh Maternity and Children's Hospital No.2 between April 2024 and March 2025. Diagnosis was confirmed using GPI 2011 criteria and positive nasopharyngeal PCR for Bordetella pertussis. Key findings revealed that male patients accounted for 58.3% of cases, and a significant proportion (36.1%) were infants under two months old, with a mean age of 13.73 months. Vaccination status was suboptimal, with 36.1% not yet eligible, 8.3% unvaccinated, and 36.1% incompletely vaccinated. The most common clinical symptoms included paroxysmal and persistent cough (100%), facial flushing during coughing (94.4%), and post-tussive mucus secretion (83.3%). Bronchopneumonia was observed in all complicated cases (100%), with 16.6% developing respiratory failure. Laboratory findings showed 58.3% of patients had peripheral lymphocytosis. The mean duration of hospitalization was 12.31 days, with 47.2% requiring treatment for over 14 days. Azithromycin was the most frequently administered antibiotic (50%), followed by Clarithromycin (36.1%), with combination regimens used in 19.9%. Notably, longer hospital stays and transfers to higher-level care were observed in vulnerable groups such as preterm infants, those under 12 months, and those with severe complications including respiratory failure and leukocytosis above 15 G/L. The study concludes that paroxysmal and persistent cough are hallmark signs of **pertussis** in **pediatric** patients. It underscores the critical need for early diagnosis, close monitoring, and aggressive management, particularly for infants under two months of age, preterm infants, and those presenting with bronchopneumonia and significant leukocytosis, to optimize treatment outcomes at facilities like Bac Ninh Maternity and Children's Hospital No.2.