Đặc điểm lâm sàng của người bệnh mất răng toàn bộ được điều trị phục hình hàm tháo lắp tại Bệnh viện Răng Hàm Mặt Trung ương Hà Nội từ năm 2023–2025

Total edentulism represents a significant global health challenge, profoundly impacting an individual's masticatory function, speech, aesthetics, and overall quality of life, particularly within the elderly population. In Vietnam, regional data indicates a high prevalence of tooth loss among older adults and a substantial demand for prosthetic interventions, with complete removable dentures remaining a widely utilized treatment, especially in specialized dental facilities. The success of these prosthetic rehabilitations is intrinsically linked to a complex interplay of demographic, anatomical, and clinical characteristics of the patient. However, there is a notable scarcity of systematic descriptive studies within the Vietnamese context detailing these crucial factors. This study aims to address this gap by meticulously documenting the initial demographic, anatomical, and clinical profiles of total edentulous patients undergoing removable denture treatment at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology, Hanoi, to enhance treatment planning and prognostic assessment.

Dental practitioners, prosthodontists, dental students, researchers in oral health, and academics specializing in geriatric dentistry and removable prosthodontics.

This study sought to characterize the clinical and anatomical features of fully edentulous patients undergoing treatment with complete removable dentures at the National Hospital of Odonto-Stomatology, Hanoi, between 2023 and 2025. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional design, the research involved 34 patients with complete edentulism in both the upper and lower jaws. Data on general demographic attributes and critical anatomical features relevant to prosthetics were systematically collected prior to treatment initiation. Key findings revealed that the average age of the patient cohort was 68.1 ± 15.9 years, with an even gender distribution. Alveolar bone resorption was predominantly moderate, yet the lower jaw consistently presented more challenging characteristics compared to the upper jaw, particularly concerning ridge morphology and arch shape. Specifically, the lower jaw exhibited a higher prevalence of unfavorable ridge forms such as sharp, flat, or negative ridges and distorted arch shapes. Furthermore, various unfavorable anatomical and functional factors, including high frenal attachments, bony prominences, low salivary volume, viscous saliva, and large tongues, were observed in a significant proportion of patients, particularly impacting the prognosis for lower jaw prosthetics. The study concludes that fully edentulous patients, typically elderly, often present with numerous anatomical and functional limitations that complicate successful prosthetic rehabilitation. These detailed insights into patient characteristics are invaluable for clinicians in formulating more precise treatment plans, predicting outcomes, and optimizing the design and retention of complete removable dentures, thereby improving patient comfort and long-term success. This research underscores the necessity for comprehensive pre-treatment assessment and tailored approaches, especially for the more complex cases presented by the lower jaw.