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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)
Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2019, pp. 837-854. Article ID: IJMET_10_03_087
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
DESIGNING IT BLUEPRINT WITH TOGAF FOR
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
Maulana Ibrohim
Computer Science Department, BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Computer Science,
Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480,
Abba Suganda Girsang
Computer Science Department, BINUS Graduate Program-Master of Computer Science,
Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia 11480,
ABSTRACT
The use of information technology that is aligned with the company's goals will be
achieved if supported by a good governance planning system. Therefore, to develop
information technology can use the Enterprise Architecture approach as a guideline
or blueprint in the development of information technology. The XYZ company is an oil
palm plantation company that develops information technology services to support the
company's business operations. In order for the purpose of developing XYZ company
information technology services in line with the company's vision, mission and
objectives, an appropriate framework is needed in preparing strategic planning. This
study aims to provide recommendations for designing IT blueprints using the
Enterprise Architecture TOGAF framework for the development of information
technology that can be applied in XYZ companies.
Keywords: Enterprise Architecture, IT Strategic Planning, TOGAF, CPO
Cite this Article: Maulana Ibrohim, and Abba Suganda Girsang, Designing It
Blueprint with Togaf For Information Technology Development, International
Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(3), 2019, pp. 837-854.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=3
1. INTRODUCTION
The XYZ company is an oil palm plantation company with its main products, crude palm oil
(CPO) and palm kernel (PK). The company utilizes information technology (IT) services by
implementing an Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) system, namely System Analysis and
Program Development (SAP) as the main system. In its application not all SAP modules are
used, because some SAP system modules are not in accordance with the company's business
processes and SAP user license costs are relatively expensive, so it becomes a consideration
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not to use all SAP modules. As a result, the application of information technology is still not
optimal and affects the company's business service activities.
At present the company has its own IT infrastructure to support information system
services. In carrying out its functions, IT infrastructure has experienced service disruption for
741 hours in the period 2017-2018. So that it affects the information system services.
Of the several constraints that exist, the company does not have strategic planning, so it
has an impact on IT services. In order for the purpose of developing the company's
information technology services in line with the company's vision, mission and objectives,
strategic planning is needed.
Enterprise Architecture is one method that can be used as a guide in developing
information technology effectively and efficiently. Enterprise Architecture can be defined as a
blueprint [4], to place optimal resources and concrete targets in the IT environment as the last
support of business functions. This study aims to provide recommendations for designing IT
blueprints using the Enterprise Architecture TOGAF framework for the development of
information technology that can be applied in XYZ companies.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Information Systems Definition
An information system can be an organized combination consisting of users, hardware,
software, communication networks, data sources and procedure policies that store, retrieve,
change, and disseminate information within an organization. Humans rely on information
systems to communicate with each other using various physical devices, hardware,
instructions and procedures for processing information software, network communication
channels or data sources [5].
An information system collects, processes, stores, analyzes and disseminates information
for specific purposes [6].
Information systems are interrelated components and work together to collect, process,
store and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis,
and visualization in an organization [3].
An information system is collecting, processing, storing, analyzing, and disseminating
information for certain purposes [10].
Information system is a system that brings together four critical components to collect,
process, manage, analyze, and distribute information; the four components are human,
technology, process and data [12].
2.2. Information Technology Definition
The collection of computing systems used by organizations is called information technology.
Information technology in its narrow definition refers to the technological side of an
information system. Often the term information technology is used interchangeably with
information systems. In his book the term information technology in the broad sense to
describe a collection of organizational information systems, users, and management who
oversee them. For the most part, the term information technology and information systems are
considered the same thing [11].
Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps produce,
manipulate, store, communicate, and disseminate information [13].
Maulana Ibrohim, and Abba Suganda Girsang
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2.3. Information Technology Infrastructure Definition
Understanding information technology infrastructure is a shared technology resource that
provides a platform for enterprise-specific information system applications. IT infrastructure
includes investments in hardware, software, and services such as consulting, education and
training [3].
Some characteristics of information technology infrastructure [7], As follows:
1. Physically connected with and as the foundation of the structure above.
2. More permanent and static than the structure it supports.
3. Broader than the structure above in use.
4. Is a support service.
5. Apart from the structure that it supports in terms of the life cycle.
2.4. Enterprise Architecture Definition
Enterprise is a collection of organizations that have a series of general objectives. For
example, government agencies, divisions within a company, a single department or a chain of
organizations that are geographically separated and linked together for joint ownership. The
term company in the context of architecture is used to show the entire company, which
includes all information services, technology, infrastructure and certain domains within the
company [9].
The definition of architecture is the fundamental organization of a system, which is
embodied in its components, their relationships with each other and the environment and the
principles that govern the design and evolution of it [1].
Description of Enterprise Architecture is all coherent principles, methods and models used
in the design and realization of corporate organizational structures, business processes,
information systems, and infrastructure. Enterprise architecture captures the essence of
business, IT, and its evolution. The idea is that important things are far more stable than
specific solutions found for the problem at hand. Therefore, architecture helps in maintaining
the essence of business, while still allowing maximum flexibility and adaptivity according to
[2].
2.5. Framework Definition
A framework is a structure for content or processes that can be used as a tool for structuring
thoughts, ensuring consistency and completeness [2].
The selection of the right framework can facilitate the implementation of information
technology architectures in organizations [8]. Many frameworks have the same main purpose,
namely collaborating the strengths between:
1. Aspects of a business plan: goals, vision, strategies and principles of governance.
2. Operational aspects of the business: business terms, organizational structure,
processes and data.
3. Aspects of automation: information systems and databases.
4. Aspects of business determinants of technological infrastructure such as
computers, operating systems, and networks.
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is a detailed method framework and
supporting tools for developing enterprise architecture. TOGAF can be used freely by any
organization that wants to develop company architecture.
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In TOGAF there are methods used to design an architecture called the Architecture
Development Method (ADM). ADM can be used as a guide for modeling enterprise
architecture development. ADM contains the stages of activity divided in phases that have
been tested in architectural development. The activities contained in ADM include: the
creation of an architectural framework, building the contents and components of the
architecture, the process of migration from the current system and architectural governance to
be built.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The research method is a case study that provides reviews of enterprise architecture design
activities based on company problems. The research phase, starting from determining the
problem, literature study and data collection. Then the IT blueprint design is carried out using
the TOGAF ADM framework. The results of the IT blueprint design, in the form of a
blueprint for the development of information technology. Figure 1 is the phase of the research
method.
Research Methodology
TOGAF Architecture Development Method
Architecture
Vision
Business
Architecture
Information
Systems
Architecture
Technology
Architecture
Opportunities and
Solutions
Architecture
Change
Management
Implementation
Governance
Migration
Planning
Preliminary
Phase
Preliminary
Start
Formulation of
the problem
Study of literature
Data collection
Designing IT
blueprint
Designing
recommendations
Conclusions
Primary Data
End
Secondary Data
Scope
Principles of Architecture
Profile, Mission, Vision, Goals
Value Chain Analysis
Organizational Constraints
Concept of Solution
Baseline Arcitecture Business
Target Architecture Business
Baseline Arcitecture Data
Target Architecture Data
Baseline Arcitecture Application
Target Architecture Application
Baseline Arcitecture Technology
Target Architecture Technology
Gap Analysis
Figure 1 Research Methodology
In TOGAF ADM, there are 9 continuous phases, as follows: Preliminary, Architecture
Vision, Business Architecture, Information System Architecture, Technology Architecture,
Opportunities and Solutions, Migration Planning, Implementation Governance, and
Architecture Change Management. In this research, the phase of Migration Planning,
Implementation Governance and Architecture Change Management was not carried out.
Because of the time limits of research and company management policies.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1. Preliminary
This phase defines enterprise architecture to determine the framework and methodology,
scope and principles of architecture.
Maulana Ibrohim, and Abba Suganda Girsang
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4.1.1. Determination of the Framework and Methodology
The framework used for designing this enterprise architecture is TOGAF with the
Architecture Development Method (ADM) design methodology. In designing enterprise
architecture, TOGAF ADM consists of 4 domains, as follows:
1. Business Architecture
2. Data Architecture
3. Application Architecture
4. Technology Architecture
4.1.2. Enterprise Scope
Enterprise architecture design refers to the main business activities and supporting activities,
including:
1. Estate Management activities are the main operational activities in the oil palm
plantation industry.
2. Mill Management activities are the main activities in processing fresh fruit
bunches (FFB) production into CPO and PK. The output of this activity is CPO
and PK products.
3. Marketing and Sales Management activities are marketing activities and sales of
CPO and PK products.
4. Supporting activities, including activities in order to support key business
processes. The activities are supporting activities, namely:
a. Human Resources Management is a human resource management activity, the
activities of these activities are: organizational management, administration
personnel, time management and payroll management.
b. Finance Management is a corporate financial administration management activity
including general ledgers, accounts payable, accounts receivable, bank accounting
and asset accounting.
c. Procurement Management is an administrative support activity for the
procurement and purchase of goods or services needed by my government
interests.
4.1.3. Principles of Architecture
Architectural principles are principles derived from the TOGAF framework. These principles
are based on advice from management, so that the principles are relevant to the needs of the
company. The architectural principles are as follows:
a. Principles of Business Architecture
b. Business Continuity
c. Compliance with Law
d. Principles of Business Architecture
e. Data is an Asset
f. Data is Shared
g. Data Security
h. Principles of Business Architecture
i. Ease-of-Use
j. Technology Independence