Figure Drawing - Dog

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Dog (canid) characteristics: Anatomy is the same in various domestic breeds and wild species—major difference is size and proportion (Dachshund to Great Dane). Typically with elongated skull—snout long and narrow (some domestic breeds have short muzzles). Large canines. Cheekteeth with sharp edges for shearing. Large, pointed ears—upright in all wild species and in many domestic breeds; hanging in some breeds. Deep chest (top to bottom); long, thin limbs. Five digits on front limb (thumb reduced), four on hind limb (big toe absent). Blunt, nonretractile claws. Walks on toes. Forearm does not rotate (pronate/supinate). Long, bushy tail usually in wild species....

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Nội dung Text: Figure Drawing - Dog

132 DOG » ANATOMY anatomical drawings after ellenberger,done,fromdissections Dog (canid) characteristics: Anatomy is the same in various domestic FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FCU-HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH breeds and wild species—major difference is size and proportion Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digi- torum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, (Dachshund to Great Dane). Typically with elongated skull—snout long medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; and narrow (some domestic breeds have short muzzles). Large canines. Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; IntDC Cheekteeth with sharp edges for shearing. Large, pointed ears—upright Intertransversarii dorsales caudae; Inter Interossei; IntVC Intertransversarii ven- tralis caudae; LAOM Levator anguli ocuti medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas in all wild species and in many domestic breeds; hanging in some breeds. Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longl Longissimus; Malar Deep chest (top to bottom); long, thin limbs. Five digits on front limb Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrLig (thumb reduced), four on hind limb (big toe absent). Blunt, nonretractile Orbital ligament; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis claws. Walks on toes. Forearm does not rotate (pronate/supinate). Long, descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator teres; bushy tail usually in wild species. Lives from the arctic to the tropics. RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; SacLi AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Adduc Adductor; Anc Sacrotuberal ligament; SacVL Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis; Sart Sartorius; Anconeus; KT Achilles' tendon; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFemDp Biceps femoris, ScalM Scalenus medius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ven- deep head; BiFemSu Biceps femoris, superficial head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph tralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Spin Brachiocephalicus; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator, Canin Caninus; Clbra & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend Cleidobrachialis; Clcer Cleidocervicalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc Deltoid, acromial Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; StOcc Sterno-occipi- portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi rodi- talis; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj feres mo/or; TeMin Teres alis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae tatae; TibCr Tibiatis cranialis; Trap digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum tateralis; EDLon Extensor Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vosfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.
DOG > ANATOMY 133 DEEP MUSCLES SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES
134 DOG > ANATOMY MtDll Abductor digit! I longus; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecPr Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Brrad Brachioradialis; DelAc Deltoid, Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PLig acromial portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; Patellar ligament; PrTer Pronator teres; RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I & II; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digi- RecFe flertus femoris; Sart Sartorius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Sthy Sternohyoid; torum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum tateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum Stthy Stemothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; Temp Temporalis; TibCr Tibialis era- longus; FCR F/exor carp/ radialis; Grac Gracilis; LAOM Levator anguli oculi medi- malls; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; VasLa Vasfus lateralis; alis; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Omotr Zyg Zygomaticus.
DOG > ANATOMY 135 AbDiS Abductor digiti V; Ant Anconeus; AT Achilles' tendon; Bleep Biceps brachii; IntDC Intertransversarii dorsales caudae; Inter Interossei; PerBr Peroneus brevis; BiFemDp Biceps femoris, deep head; BiFemSu Biceps femoris, superficial head; PerLo Peroneus longus; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; SacDM Coccy Coccygeus; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU-HH Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis; SacLl Sacrotuberal ligament; Smemb Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU—UH Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead; FDP Semimembranosus; Stend Semitendinosus; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superflcialis; Gastr TriLo Tr/ceps brachii, long head; TriMe Tr/ceps brachii, medial head. Gastrocnemius; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superflciatis; Grac Gracilis;
136 DOG + ANATOMY BiFemSu Biceps femoris, superficial head; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Clcer RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; Cleidocervicalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; GluMe Gluteus SacDM Sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; Sart medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra Infraspinatus; IntDC Sartorius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; StOcc Sterno-occipitalis; Temp Temporalis; Intertransversarii dorsales caudae; LAOM Levator anguli oculi medialis; LatDo TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Trap Trapezius; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; Longi Longissimus; Mult Multifldus; VasLa Vasfr/s lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. Obtln Obturator internus; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi;
DOG + PHOTOGRAPHS 137 VISLA (FEMALE) VISLA (FEMALE) FRONT LIMBS VISLA (FEMALE) Can/5 familiaris
138 DOG > CROSS SECTIONS drawing not to scale cross section after done miller popesco
DOG * CROSS SECTIONS 139 FORELIMB HIND LIMB AbCrC Abductor cruris caudalis; AbDIS Abductor digit! V; Mduc Adductor; Bleep Myloh Mylohyoid; NuLig Nuchal ligament; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Biceps brachii; Bi Fern Dp Biceps femoris, deep head', BiFemSu Biceps femoris, Omotr Omotransversarius; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profun- superficial head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Brrad dus; Pert Pectineus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; Pop Brachioradialis; C2 Second cervical vertebra; C5 Fifth cervical vertebra; Clcer Popliteus; PrQd Pronator quadratus; PrTer Pronator teres; Rad Radius; RCDor Cleidocervicalis; Clmas Cleidomastoid; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi radi- ffecfus cop/f/s dorsalis; RecAb tfecfus abdominis; RecFe ffech/s femoris; Rhom alis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I & II; EDC Extensor digito- Rhomboid; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus medius; SeDCr Serratus dorsalis era- rum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum malls; Semsp Semispinalis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ven- longus; Esoph Esophagus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR F/exor carp/ tralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Spin & Semsp Spinalis & semi- radialis; FCU-HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH Flexor carpi ulnaris, spinalis; Spin Spinalis; Splen Splenius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend ulnarhead; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Semitendinosus; Sthy Stemohyoid; Stmas Stemomastoid; StOcc Sterno-occipi- Fern Femur; Fib Fibula; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe talis; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; Subsc Subscapularis; Supin Gastrocnemius, medial head; Grac Gracilis; Hum Humerus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Supinator; SuprL Supraspinal ligament; T4 Fourt/J thoracic vertebra; TeMaj Feres InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; Intcs Intercostals; Inter mo/or; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; Tib 77b/a; TibCa Tibialis Interossei; Inttr Intertransversarii; JugV Jugular vein; L5 F7/W7 lumbar vertebra; caudalis; TibCr 77Wo//s cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriAc Tr/ceps LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LngCa Longus capitis; LngCo Longus colli; LonAt brachii, accessory head; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe Longissimus cervicis; long head; TriMe fr/ceps brachii, medial head; TmAb Transversus abdominis; Uln Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; Metcl F/rsf metacarpal; MetcS F//W? Wno; Vasln l/bsfus intermedius; VasLa Vosfws lateralis; VasMe Vasfus medialis; metacarpal; Mett2 Second metatarsal; MettS F//W) metatarsat; Mult Multifldus; ZygAr Zygomatic arch.
140 CAN ID > PROPORTION G E R M A N SHEPHERD GREYHOUND DACHSHUND
CANID > PROPORTION 1^1 GRAY WOLF COYOTE RED FOX
142 LION > ANATOMY anatomical drawing aftercrouch seull from specimen Lion (feline) characteristics: Elongated skull. Proportion of skull External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; varies—large in lion, jaguar, and tiger, small in cheetah and mountain FDBr Flexor digitorum brevis; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digito- rum superficial; FDS-UH Flexor digitorum superficialis, ulnarhead; GasLa lion. Large canines, small incisors. Cheek teeth with sharp edges for Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; GluMe Gluteus shearing. Large temporalis and masseter muscles of skull to powerfully medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO close jaw. Eyes shifted slightly forward for binocular vision. Constricted Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; IntCa Intertransversarii caudae; Inter Interossei; LAOM Levator anguli oculi medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; pupil is round in large cats, vertical in domestic cats (pupil is horizontal LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; Longi Longissimus; Malar in sheep and goats). Top edge of scapula usually higher than tips of tho- Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrLig racic vertebrae. Five digits on front limb (thumb reduced); four digits on Orbital ligament; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PalLo Palmaris hind limb (small vestigial big toe). Walks on toes. Sharp, curved, retrac- longus; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator teres; RAOL tile claws (which keeps them sharp—they don't walk on them). Forearm Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; rotates (pronates/supinates). Hairy tail has bushy tip only in lion. Very Rhom Rhomboid; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; SacDM Sacrocaudalis flexible body. Can walk in crouched position, as when stalking prey. dorsalis medialis; SacVL Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis; Sart Sartorius; SeDCr Serratus dorsalis craniatis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ven- tralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stcph AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digiti V; Adduc Adductor; Anc Sternocephalicus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Anconeus; Bleep Biceps brachii; BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Sternomastoid; StOcc Sterno-occipitalis; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Brachiocephalicus; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Caudf Supraspinatus; TeMaj feres major; TeMin feres minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Caudofemoralis; Clmas Cleidomastoid; DelAc Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSp Tensor fasciae latae; TlbCa Tibialis caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; DLaMn Depressor labii mandibularis; Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TrILa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, ECR Extensor carpi radialis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ED1&2 Extensor long head; VasLa Vasfr/s lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. digiti I & //; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO