Kết quả xét nghiệm sàng lọc kháng thể bất thường tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Quốc tế Vinmec Times City

The field of transfusion medicine critically relies on the meticulous identification of abnormal antibodies to ensure patient safety and prevent adverse reactions. While routine screening tests are standard practice, the dynamic nature of patient conditions, especially in cases requiring frequent or prolonged blood transfusions, necessitates a deeper understanding of antibody development. This study addresses a crucial gap by investigating the results of irregular antibody screening at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital between 2023 and 2025. It highlights the importance of comprehensive monitoring, particularly through repeat testing, to detect newly formed antibodies, thereby optimizing transfusion protocols and enhancing overall patient care in a complex clinical setting.

Medical laboratory professionals, hematologists, transfusion medicine specialists, clinicians involved in patient blood management, and researchers in blood banking.

This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of irregular antibody screening tests performed at Vinmec Times City International General Hospital from 2023 to 2025. Analyzing 1503 specimens from 923 patients using gel cards on an Ortho Vision automated analyzer, the research provides comprehensive insights into antibody prevalence and associated factors. The overall positive rate for abnormal antibodies was found to be 3.73%, with a notable prevalence among females (4.1%) compared to males (3.3%). Patients with a history of blood transfusions exhibited a higher positive rate (3.82%), underscoring the risk associated with prior exposure. Furthermore, specific disease groups showed varying positive rates, with gastrointestinal (6.84%) and hematologic diseases (5.76%) having the highest, while surgical (1.82%) and cardiovascular (1.75%) groups had the lowest. A critical finding was the tendency for the positive rate to increase with repeat screening tests during treatment, with six cases converting from negative to positive after blood transfusion. These results emphasize the imperative need for continuous, repeated antibody screening throughout prolonged treatment requiring blood transfusions to proactively detect newly formed irregular antibodies. This approach is vital for ensuring optimal transfusion safety, minimizing delayed transfusion reactions, and guiding appropriate blood product selection, ultimately enhancing patient care in high-volume hospital settings.