Kiến thức của người bệnh liệt dây thần kinh VII ngoại biên vô căn tại Bệnh viện Đại học Y Hà Nội năm 2024–2025

Bell's palsy, or idiopathic peripheral facial nerve paralysis, represents a common neurological condition encountered in clinical practice, characterized by sudden-onset facial muscle weakness of unknown etiology. While often considered benign with high recovery rates, a notable percentage of patients experience persistent sequelae, significantly impacting their daily activities, quality of life, and psychological well-being. Adequate patient knowledge regarding this condition and its management is paramount for fostering active participation in treatment, reducing anxiety, and improving adherence, thereby enhancing functional recovery and minimizing complications. This study addresses a critical gap in domestic research, particularly within specialized healthcare settings like Hanoi Medical University Hospital, by assessing the current state of patient knowledge to inform targeted health communication and educational strategies.

Healthcare professionals, public health specialists, medical educators, and policymakers involved in patient care and health communication strategies for neurological conditions, particularly Bell's palsy.

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of knowledge among patients diagnosed with idiopathic peripheral facial nerve palsy, commonly known as Bell's palsy, attending Hanoi Medical University Hospital. A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from September 2024 to August 2025, involving 70 patients. Data collection was performed through structured interviews and clinical examinations, focusing on demographic information, disease etiology, impact, and treatment knowledge.

The findings revealed a mean patient age of 37.9 ± 18.6 years, with a higher proportion of females. The majority had a high school education (38.6%) and were predominantly engaged in business or trading (25.7%). Regarding Bell's palsy, knowledge gaps were significant: only 15.7% of patients correctly identified viral infection as a cause, a mere 1.4% recognized the involvement of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII), and none were aware that the disease is non-communicable. While a higher percentage showed awareness of corticosteroids (72.9%) and physiotherapy (75.7%) as treatment options, and all patients recognized the role of traditional medicine, knowledge about antiviral drugs (1.4%) was very limited.

The study concludes that patients with Bell's palsy possess limited knowledge, particularly concerning its etiology, the nerve affected, its non-contagious nature, and specific treatment modalities. These knowledge deficits can impede effective self-management and adherence to medical advice. Therefore, the study strongly recommends strengthening health communication and patient education activities in clinical settings. Integrating counseling at the point of diagnosis and diversifying information dissemination channels are crucial to enhance patient awareness, improve treatment adherence, and ultimately optimize clinical outcomes for individuals affected by peripheral neuropathy.