Mô hình bệnh tật tại Khoa Cấp cứu Chống độc Bệnh viện Nhi Thái Bình năm 2024

The Emergency and Poison Control Department plays a crucial role as the frontline for severe and rapidly evolving pediatric cases. Understanding disease patterns in such settings is vital for effective healthcare planning and resource allocation. This is particularly pertinent in the post-COVID-19 era, where environmental shifts, lifestyle changes, and child care practices may influence pediatric morbidity. Despite the recognized importance of pediatric emergency care in reducing child mortality, especially in developing countries, comprehensive and updated studies on disease patterns are often lacking. This study addresses this gap by aiming to describe the prevailing disease patterns at the Emergency and Poison Control Department of Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital in 2024, providing essential insights for managing pediatric emergency services and public health strategies.

Pediatricians, emergency medicine physicians, public health practitioners, hospital administrators, policymakers in maternal and child health, and researchers focusing on pediatric epidemiology in developing countries.

This cross-sectional study investigated disease patterns among 3,817 children admitted to the Emergency and Poison Control Department of Thai Binh Pediatric Hospital from January to December 2024. Utilizing both retrospective and prospective data from medical records and the hospital information system, the research classified diseases according to ICD-10 and analyzed prevalence by sex, age group, and admission time. The findings revealed a male predominance, accounting for 63.3% of patients, with the highest proportion of admissions observed in infants aged 1 month to less than 1 year (45.3%). Respiratory diseases were the most frequent overall diagnosis (62.2%), followed by infectious diseases (18.4%), symptoms and abnormal clinical/laboratory findings (10.6%), and digestive diseases (8.9%). A more granular analysis by age group highlighted specific vulnerabilities: neonates predominantly presented with respiratory distress (51.8%) and severe pneumonia (20.5%); infants aged 1 month to less than 1 year similarly showed high rates of respiratory distress (41.4%) and severe pneumonia (31.8%). Among children aged 1 to less than 5 years, respiratory distress remained most common (17.2%), while meningitis was the leading condition in the 5 to less than 15 years age group (18.3%). These results underscore the significant burden of respiratory and infectious diseases in young children, aligning with observations from other provincial hospitals in Vietnam and comparable developing countries. The study's insights are crucial for optimizing resource allocation, improving preventive strategies, and enhancing the management of pediatric emergency services in the region, ultimately contributing to better child health outcomes.