.ͿWKXWFKXQJRWR Hoàng Thanh Xuân 2010 42
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Bài 5: 1+Ұ1'Ҥ1*&+Ӫ1*/2Ҥ,ĈӜ1*&ѪĈӔ77521*
7KLgian: 7h (LT: 2; TH: 5h)
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LjPӝWORҥLÿӝQJFѫQKLӋWTXiWUuQKÿӕWFKi\QKLrQOLӋXÿѭӧFWKӵFKLӋQWUӵFWLӃSӣNK{QJJLDQErQWURQJÿӝQJFѫVDXÿyFKX\ӇQKyDQKLrQOLӋXWKjQKQKLӋWQăQJYjWӯQKLӋWQăQJWKjQKFѫQăQJÿӇVLQKF{QJUӗLGүQÿӝQJÿӃQPi\F{QJWiF
.
7KHRQKLrQOLӋXVӱGөQJ
- ĈӝQJFѫ[ăQJÿӝQJFѫGQJQKLrQOLӋX[ăQJ
- ĈӝQJFѫGLHVHOÿӝQJFѫGQJQKLrQOLӋXGLHVHO
7KHRSKѭѫQJSKiSWҥRKRjNKtYjÿӕWFKi\
- ĈӝQJFѫWҥRKRjNKtErQQJRjLOjORҥLÿӝQJFѫPjKӛQKӧSQKLrQOLӋXYjNK{QJNKtÿѭӧFWҥRWKjQKӣErQQJRjL[\ODQKQKӡPӝWEӝSKұQFyFҩXWҥRÿһF ELӋWEӝFKӃKRjNKtFDUEXDUHWWRUVDXÿyÿѭӧFÿѭDYjR[\ODQKYjÿѭӧFÿӕWFKi\ӣÿk\EҵQJWLDOӱDÿLӋQÿӝQJFѫ[ăQJGQJEӝFKӃKRjNKt
- ĈӝQJFѫWҥRKRjNKtErQWURQJOjORҥLÿӝQJFѫPjKӛQKӧSKѫLQKLrQOLӋXYjNK{QJNKtÿѭӧFWҥRWKjQKӣErQWURQJ[\ODQKQKӡPӝWEӝSKұQFyFҩXWҥRÿһFELӋWEѫPFDRiSYjYzLSKXQYjKӛQKӧSQj\WӵEӕFFKi\GRKӛQKӧSEӏQpQӣQKLӋWÿӝFDRÿӝQJFѫGLHVHO
7KHRVӕNǤWKӵFKLӋQPӝWFKXWUuQKF{QJWiF
- ĈӝQJFѫEӕQNǤVWURNHV&KXNǤOjPYLӋFÿѭӧFKRjQWKjQKVDXEӕQKjQKWUuQKFӫDSLVWRQKRһFKDLYzQJTXD\FӫDWUөFNKXӹX
- ĈӝQJFѫKDLNǤVWURNHV&KXNǤOjPYLӋFÿѭӧFKRjQWKjQKVDXKDLKjQKWUuQKFӫDSLVWRQKRһFPӝWYzQJTXD\FӫDWUөFNKXӹX
7KHRTXiWUuQKFҩSQKLӋWYjWӹVӕQpQ)
.ͿWKXWFKXQJRWR Hoàng Thanh Xuân 2010 43
- ĈӝQJFѫOjPYLӋFWKHRTXiWUình FSQKLWÿQJWtFKORҥLQj\EDRJӗPQKӳQJÿӝQJFѫFyWӹVӕQpQWKҩS ·QKѭÿӝQJFѫVӱGөQJ[ăQJQKLrQOLӋXFӗQvà khí.
- ĈӝQJFѫOjPYLӋFWKHRTXiWUuQKFSQKLWÿQJiSORҥLQj\EDRJӗPQKӳQJÿӝQJFѫFyWӹVӕQpQFDR ·QKѭÿӝQJFѫSKXQQKLrQOLӋXEҵQJNK{QJNKtQpQYjWӵEӕFFKi\ÿӝQJFѫVӱGөQJEӝWWKDQ
- ĈӝQJFѫOjPYLӋFWKHRTXiWUuQKFҩSQKLӋWKӛQKӧSORҥLQj\EDRJӗPQKӳQJÿӝQJFѫFyWӹVӕQpQFDR ·QKѭÿӝQJFѫGLHVHO
7KHRSKѭѫQJSKiSQҥS
- 1JѭӡLWDSKkQORҥLNKtQҥSFyÿѭӧFQpQWUѭӟFNKLQҥSKD\NK{QJWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJYӟLORҥL, ÿROjÿӝQJFѫWăQJiSYjÿӝQJFѫNK{QJWăQJiS
7KHRWӹVӕ6'
- ĈӝQJFѫFyKjQKWUuQKQJҳQNKL S / D < 1
- ĈӝQJFѫFyKjQKWUuQKGjLNKL S / D > 1
- ĈӝQJFѫFyKjQKWUuQKvuông khi: S / D = 1
7KHRVӕOѭӧQJ xi lanh YjFiFKEӕWUt[\ODQK
6O˱QJ[\ODQKĈӝQJFѫPӝW[\ODQKYjÿӝQJFѫQKLӅX[\ODQKÿӝQJFѫ 4, 6, 8
xylanh), ÿӝQJFѫ VR_DOHC (6 hay 8 xy lanh). 7ăQJVӕ[LODQKOjPӝWWURQJELӋQSKiSWăQJF{QJVXҩWFyWtQKNLQKWӃQJj\QD\ÿӝQJFѫQKLӅX[LODQKQKҩWFyÿӃQ[LODQK
- &iFKEWUt[\ODQKÿӝQJFѫFy[\ODQKÿһWWKҷQJÿӭQJÿһWQJKLrQJYjQҵPQJDQJ
ĈӝQJFѫER[HUKD\[\ODQK.
Hình 44. 6ѫÿӗNӃWFҩXxi lanh ÿӝQJFѫ ÿһWQҵPÿӝQJFѫ (Boxer).
.ͿWKXWFKXQJRWR Hoàng Thanh Xuân 2010 44
7KHRVӕKjQJ[\ODQK
ĈӝQJFѫKjQJ xi lanhÿӝQJFѫFKӳ9, H, (W- 3, 8, 12 hay 16 xy lanh) YjÿӝQJFѫhình sao. ĈӇWăQJF{QJVXҩWÿӝQJFѫQJѭӡLWDWăQJVӕ[LODQKQKѭQJVӕ[LODQKWUrQPӝWKjQJNK{QJTXiÿӝQJFѫ FyQKLӅXKàng xi lanh, gӗPFyFiFORҥLVDX
a. ĈӝQJFѫPӝWKjQJ[LODQK, ÿӝQJFѫWKҷQJKjQJKD\[\ODQK
/RҥLQj\FyÿѭӡQJWkP[LODQKÿӅXQҵPWURQJPһWSKҷQJFKӭDÿѭӡQJWkPWUөFNKXӹXKRһFVRQJVRQJYӟLÿѭӡQJWkPWUөFNKXӹXĈӝQJFѫFyFѫFҩXNKXӹXWUөF%LHOOHOӋFKWkP
+uQK.ӃWFҩXÿӝQJFѫKjQJ[LODQK
b. ĈӝQJFѫKjQJ[LODQK ĈӝQJFѫFKӳV (2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 hay 16 xy lanh)
ĈӝQJFѫQj\ÿѭӧFVӱGөQJQKLӅXWUrQ{W{Yj[HWăQJOjPPiWEҵQJQѭӟFJyFJLӳDKjQJWKѭӡQJ0, 600, 900, 1350
Hình .ӃWFҩXÿӝQJFѫxi lanh FKӳ9 0һWPi\
Xi lanh
7KDQKWUX\ӅQ
.ͿWKXWFKXQJRWR Hoàng Thanh Xuân 2010 45
c. ĈӝQJFѫKjQJ[LODQKKuQKVDRWKѭӡQJVӱGөQJWUrQPi\ED\
ĈӝQJFѫKuQKVDRÿѭӡQJWkP[LODQKQҵPWURQJFiFPһWSKҷQJWKҷQJJyFYӟLÿѭӡQJWkPWUөFNKXӹX[LODQKVҳS[ӃSWKHRKuQKVDRFiQKPӛLFiFKOjPӝWKjQJ[LODQKPӛLKjQJ[LODQKNK{QJTXiVӕFiQKNK{QJTXi
Hình 476ѫÿӗNӃWFҩXÿӝQJFѫxi lanh hình sao 5 cánh.
7KHRVӕWUөFNKXӹX
ĈӝQJFѫPӝWKDLKRһFEDWUөFNKXӹXWKұPFKtFyÿӝQJFѫNK{QJFyWUөFNKXӹXQKѭÿӝQJFѫSLVWRQTXD\- Wallkel). 1JRjLUDFyWKӇSKkQORҥLÿӝQJFѫWKHRF{QJGөQJSKѭѫQJSKiS OjPPiWYjGXQJWtFKOjPYLӋF
a. ĈӝQJFѫSLVWRQTXD\WUzQWLӃQJ$QKradial engine) (5, 6, 7, 8, 9 hay 12 xy lanh)
Hình 48ĈӝQJFѫNK{QJFyÿLӇPFKӃWÿӝQJFѫ:DQNHOSLVWRQTXD\
Piston
Xi lanh
.ͿWKXWFKXQJRWR Hoàng Thanh Xuân 2010 46
b. ĈӝQJFѫFyPӝWWUөF NKXӹX (hình 44, 45, 46, 47).
/RҥLQj\FKLӃPÿDVӕYjÿѭӧFVӱGөQJQKLӅXWURQJQJjQKJLDRWK{QJYұQWҧLF{QJQJKLӋSYjQ{QJQJKLӋS
c. ĈӝQJFѫFyWUөFNKXӹX, SLVWRQÿӕLÿӍQKWLӃQJ$QKopposed piston engine)
7KѭӡQJGQJFKRÿӝQJFѫNǤĈӇÿҧPEҧRWtQKÿӗQJWӕFGQJEiQKUăQJWUXQJJLDQÿӇOLrQNӃWWUөFNKXӹXÿӝQJFѫYӟLQKDX
Hình 49.ӃWFҩXÿӝQJFѫKDLWUөF NKXӹX
1. LQWDNHFKRQKLrQOLӋXKӛQKӧSNhông khí; 2. Cánh tubin;
3. airbR[ÿӇÿӋPYjSKkQSKӕLKӛQKӧS4. 9DQFKҩWWKҧLÿӇKҥQFKӃiSOӵFFҩSÿӝ
5.7kPFKӕWNKXӹX; 7. Cylinder và EXӗQJÿӕWFKXQJ9. NѭӟFOjPPiWiR[LODQK
10. Bugi.