Nghiên cứu tổng quan luận điểm về đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng viêm mũi dị ứng có hen phế quản ở trẻ em

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma are highly prevalent inflammatory conditions affecting the airways, particularly common in pediatric populations worldwide. The rising incidence of these conditions, often exacerbated by environmental factors, underscores the urgent need for comprehensive understanding. Notably, AR and asthma frequently co-exist, with a significant proportion of children diagnosed with one condition also presenting with the other. This comorbidity highlights the critical interplay between these diseases and the importance of integrated management. Given the existing body of research, a systematic review is crucial to synthesize the diverse findings on the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis with coexisting asthma in children, aiming to provide a consolidated perspective for improved diagnosis and patient care.

Pediatricians, otolaryngologists, allergists, pulmonologists, general practitioners, medical researchers, and students interested in pediatric respiratory and allergic diseases.

This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of allergic rhinitis with coexisting asthma in children. Utilizing a narrative review approach, the study synthesized findings from relevant literature published globally between January 2009 and December 2024. The results indicate a significant comorbidity rate of 15-40% between allergic rhinitis and asthma in pediatric patients, with both conditions often presenting as moderate to severe and persistent. A higher prevalence was observed in males (60-66%), and allergic conjunctivitis was a frequent co-occurrence (60-70%). Key sensitizing allergens identified were house dust mites (60-80%), pollens (15-60%), and animal dander. Paraclinically, the majority of children exhibited elevated serum IgE (30-87%), peripheral blood eosinophilia (30-80%), and increased eosinophils in nasal secretions (70%), indicative of a robust allergic inflammatory response. Elevated inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and nasal nitric oxide were also consistently noted. Pulmonary function tests showed mild to moderate decline (FEV1: 60-80%; FEV1/FVC: 30-80%), correlating with disease severity. These findings underscore the complex interplay of inflammatory pathways and multifactorial nature of these conditions, emphasizing the need for integrated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in pediatric allergy management. The insights gleaned are valuable for clinicians and researchers in understanding the unique profile of allergic rhinitis with asthma in this specific age group.