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Neonatal respiratory failure remains a critical global health concern, being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, causative factors, and treatment outcomes of this condition is paramount for improving neonatal survival rates and long-term health. This study addresses a significant gap by evaluating the effectiveness of current treatment strategies and identifying specific factors associated with adverse outcomes in infants experiencing neonatal acute respiratory disorder. By shedding light on these critical aspects, this research aims to provide valuable insights for targeted interventions and enhanced clinical management, particularly concerning conditions like respiratory distress syndrome and challenges related to premature birth.

Neonatologists, pediatricians, obstetricians, public health officials, healthcare policymakers, and researchers focused on maternal and child health in developing countries.

This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated 157 newborns admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Children of Tien Giang Central General Hospital presenting with signs of neonatal acute respiratory disorder. The research aimed to characterize clinical and subclinical features, identify causes, assess treatment outcomes, and pinpoint factors associated with mortality. Findings revealed that a majority (79.62%) of infants were hospitalized on their first day of life, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.53:1. The most prevalent cause was respiratory distress syndrome (42.04%), followed by lung diseases (36.94%). Treatment outcomes showed 78.98% cured or discharged, while 1.91% resulted in mortality. Significant risk factors for severe disease and poorer outcomes included a gestational age of less than 28 weeks, birth weight under 1000 grams, higher Silverman scores (indicating more severe respiratory distress), and the need for mechanical ventilation. These findings underscore the critical importance of early and effective interventions. The study emphasizes the need for improved antenatal care, especially for high-risk women, and the enhancement of neonatal resuscitation skills among healthcare workers at all levels. Early detection and timely treatment of conditions contributing to premature birth, fetal malnutrition, and perinatal asphyxia are highlighted as essential strategies to mitigate the severity and mortality associated with neonatal respiratory complications.