Recurrent Neural Networks

The research of neural networks has experienced several ups and downs in the 20th century. The last resurgence is believed to be initiated by several seminal works of Hopfield and Tank in the 1980s, and this upsurge has persisted for three decades. The Hopfield neural networks, either discrete type or continuous type, are actually recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The hallmark of an RNN, in contrast to feedforward neural networks, is the existence of connections from posterior layer(s) to anterior layer(s) or connections among neurons in the same layer....