Rối loạn chức năng tình dục nữ: Thực trạng chẩn đoán, điều trị và giải pháp tại Việt Nam

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) represents a significant global health challenge, profoundly impacting women's mental health, quality of life, and family relationships. In Vietnam, the prevalence of FSD is notably high, ranging from 25-67%, yet its diagnosis and effective management face substantial barriers. These challenges include cultural taboos, patient reluctance to discuss sexual health issues, a lack of standardized screening tools, and inadequately trained healthcare providers. This paper aims to comprehensively examine the current situation regarding the diagnosis and treatment of female sexual dysfunction in Vietnam and to propose strategic, integrated solutions to overcome these limitations.

Healthcare professionals (physicians, psychologists, therapists), public health policymakers, researchers in women's health and sexual health, and medical educators interested in sexual dysfunction in Vietnam.

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a prevalent and multifaceted condition characterized by symptoms such as decreased desire, reduced arousal, difficulty achieving orgasm, vaginal dryness, and pain during intercourse. This condition significantly impairs women's mental health, overall quality of life, and family relationships. Diagnosis typically follows DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria, incorporating a detailed sexual history, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), psychological assessments (like HADS, PHQ-9), and thorough physical examinations to ensure personalized treatment. However, in Vietnam, the consistent application of these diagnostic tools remains a challenge, particularly at the primary healthcare level. The management of female sexual dysfunction demands a comprehensive bio-psycho-social approach. This includes individual and couples counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness techniques, sexual education, and lifestyle adjustments. Furthermore, treatment addresses underlying medical conditions, hormone replacement therapy, pharmacological interventions such as Flibanserin and Bremelanotide, and pelvic floor rehabilitation. Despite the existence of various treatment modalities, their implementation in Vietnam is currently limited. The country faces a scarcity of specialized sexual health clinics, insufficient clinician training, a lack of unified national guidelines, and financial barriers for critical psychological and rehabilitative services. To enhance outcomes, this paper advocates for the development of national diagnostic and treatment protocols, multidisciplinary training, expanding sexual health clinics, strengthening community education, leveraging telemedicine services, and broadening insurance coverage for essential counseling and pelvic floor therapy. These coordinated efforts are crucial for enabling earlier detection, more effective treatment, and ultimately improving sexual well-being and overall happiness for women in Vietnam.