Kết quả giáo dục tự tiêm insulin dưới da ở người bệnh đái tháo đường tại Khoa Nội tiết – Đái tháo đường, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai

Diabetes mellitus presents a significant global health challenge, with insulin therapy being a cornerstone of treatment for many patients. However, the efficacy of insulin therapy is critically dependent on the patient's ability to correctly self-administer subcutaneous insulin injections. Suboptimal knowledge and incorrect practice injection techniques can lead to various complications, reducing treatment effectiveness and impacting patient outcomes. This highlights a pressing need for effective educational interventions. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the effectiveness of a targeted health education intervention on improving both the knowledge and self-administration practices among diabetic inpatients.

Healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, endocrinologists, and medical educators involved in diabetes care; public health researchers and policymakers focused on chronic disease management and patient education; and medical students interested in diabetes self-management.

This quasi-experimental study aimed to rigorously assess the effectiveness of a structured health education intervention in enhancing the knowledge and self-administration practices of subcutaneous insulin injection among diabetic inpatients. Conducted from January to July 2025, the study enrolled 94 patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing insulin therapy at Bach Mai Hospital. Patient knowledge and insulin injection practices were meticulously assessed using standardized tools both before and after the intervention. The educational program was individualized, utilizing models, leaflets, and instructional videos to deliver comprehensive guidance.

The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in patient outcomes following the intervention. The mean knowledge score increased substantially from 11.27 ± 2.60 to 17.97 ± 3.03 (p < 0.001). Concurrently, mean practice scores showed significant improvement across both insulin pen users (from 12.61 ± 3.19 to 18.64 ± 1.57; p < 0.001) and syringe users (from 11.77 ± 2.48 to 17.07 ± 2.81; p < 0.001). The study also identified that education level, residential area, duration of insulin use, and recent training were significantly associated with these positive changes. These findings underscore the pivotal role of health education in empowering diabetic patients with essential skills. The study concludes by recommending the strengthening of educational interventions to foster better self-care and improve overall management for individuals living with diabetes, thereby reducing potential complications and enhancing their quality of life.