Thực trạng cận thị và một số yếu tố liên quan ở học sinh tại hai trường trung học phổ thông thuộc tỉnh Hà Nam năm 2023

Myopia, or nearsightedness, represents a growing global public health concern, particularly among school-aged populations. It is a leading cause of vision impairment that can significantly impact academic performance, quality of life, and impose substantial socioeconomic burdens if left unaddressed. In Vietnam, the prevalence of school myopia is a notable issue, with specific regional data often lacking for targeted intervention strategies. This study addresses this gap by investigating the current status of myopia and its associated factors among high school students in Ha Nam Province, providing crucial insights for the development of effective preventive and management programs to safeguard adolescent eye health.

Public health professionals, ophthalmologists, educators, school administrators, and parents concerned with adolescent eye health and myopia prevention.

This comprehensive study aimed to ascertain the current prevalence of school myopia and identify associated factors among high school students within two selected schools in Ha Nam Province in 2023. Employing a cross-sectional research design, data was meticulously collected from a sample of 600 students from Phu Ly B High School and Binh Luc A High School. The methodology involved systematic refractive error screenings complemented by structured interviews using a pre-designed questionnaire, ensuring robust data capture. The findings revealed a high overall prevalence of myopia at 51.3% among the student population. A significant gender disparity was observed, with female students exhibiting a higher rate of 58.44% compared to 41.56% in males. Alarmingly, 30.84% of myopic students reported not wearing corrective glasses, highlighting a critical need for awareness and accessibility to visual aids. The research further identified several statistically significant factors associated with myopia. Myopic students consistently spent more time engaged in reading and using electronic devices than their non-myopic counterparts. Key determinants included gender (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.07, p<0.05), a family history of myopia (OR=2.38, p<0.001), and the duration of self-study time (p<0.05). These results underscore that genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and academic habits, particularly prolonged self-study, play a substantial role in the development and progression of myopia among high school students. The study concludes that the high prevalence of school myopia and its associated factors in Ha Nam necessitates urgent public health interventions, focusing on early detection of refractive errors, promoting healthy eye care habits, and supporting appropriate use of vision correction, especially for high school students.