Tình hình nhiễm liên cầu khuẩn nhóm B (Group B Streptococcus) và đề kháng kháng sinh của các thai phụ khám tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Tâm Anh Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh giai đoạn 2023–2024

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains a formidable pathogen, recognized as a leading cause of early-onset neonatal infections globally. The effective prevention and control of these infections critically depend on timely GBS screening among pregnant women and the appropriate implementation of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. In the context of evolving antimicrobial resistance patterns, understanding local prevalence and susceptibility profiles is paramount. This study aims to address this need by investigating the prevalence of GBS colonization and characterizing the antimicrobial susceptibility of GBS isolates in pregnant women attending Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City during 2023-2024, providing crucial data for clinical guidelines and public health strategies.

Medical professionals, including obstetricians, neonatologists, clinical microbiologists, and infectious disease specialists, as well as public health authorities and researchers involved in maternal and child health.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and its antimicrobial susceptibility among pregnant women at Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, between 2023 and 2024. Utilizing retrospective data from the hospital's laboratory information system, the research included 3,874 pregnant women screened for GBS. Key variables analyzed were GBS culture results, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, maternal age, gestational age, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status. The findings revealed a high GBS colonization rate, with 27.2% in 2023 and 29.3% in 2024, averaging 28.5% across both years. Importantly, GBS isolates demonstrated consistently high susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, and cefazolin, validating their continued use as first-line agents for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Conversely, susceptibility to clindamycin was notably low (around 25%), indicating a significant resistance issue for this antibiotic. Subgroup analyses found no statistically significant associations between GBS colonization and maternal age, gestational age, or GDM, suggesting that risk factor-based screening might be insufficient. These results underscore the critical importance of routine antenatal GBS screening for all pregnant women. The study's implications are significant for guiding local clinical practice, reinforcing the recommendation for universal screening, and advocating for penicillin, ampicillin, or cefazolin as preferred prophylactic options. It also highlights the urgent need to reconsider clindamycin's role due to widespread resistance, ensuring optimal management strategies to mitigate early-onset neonatal infections.