Tài liệu UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP
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Tài liệu UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP
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Tài liệu giảng dạy về anh văn đã được giảng dạy với mục đích cung cấp cho sinh viên những kiến thức cơ bản nhất, có tính hệ thống liên quan tới tiếng anh. Thông qua tài liệu này giúp các bạn hệ thống lại kiến thức. Chúc các bạn thành công
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Nội dung Text: Tài liệu UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy FRIENDSHIP UNIT 1: VOCABULARY ☺ acquaintance (n) ngöôøi quen honest (a) trung thöïc admire (v) ngöôõng moä hospitable (a) hieáu khaùch aim (n) muïc ñích humorous (a) haøi höôùc appearance (n) veû beà ngoaøi in common (exp) chung attraction (n) söï thu huùt incapable (of) (a) khoâng theå be based on (exp) döïa vaøo influence (v) aûnh höôûng benefit (n) lôïi ích insist on (v) khaêng khaêng calm (a) ñieàm tónh jam (n) möùt caring (a) chu ñaùo joke (n,v) (lôøi) noùi ñuøa change (n,v) (söï) thay ñoåi journalist (n) phoùng vieân changeable (a) coù theå thay ñoåi joy (n) nieàm vui chilli (n) ôùt jump (v) nhaûy close (a) gaàn guõi, thaân thieát last (v) keùo daøi concerned (with) (a) quan taâm lasting (a) beàn vöõng condition (n) ñieàu kieän lifelong (a) suoát ñôøi constancy (n) söï kieân ñònh like (n) sôû thích constant (a) kieân ñònh loyal (a) trung thaønh crooked (a) cong loyalty (n) loøng trung thaønh customs officer (n) nhaân vieân haûi medium (a) trung bình quan mix (v) troän delighted (a) vui möøng modest (a) khieâm toán enthusiasm (n) loøng nhieät tình mushroom (n) maám exist (v) toàn taïi mutual (a) laãn nhau feature (n) ñaëc ñieåm oval (a) coù hình traùi xoan forehead (n) traùn patient (a) kieân nhaãn generous (a) roäng raõi, roäng löôïng personality (n) tích caùch, phaåm chaát get out of (v) ra khoûi (xe) pleasant (a) vui veû give-and-take (n) söï nhöôøng nhòn pleasure (n) nieàm vui thích good-looking (a) deã nhìn principle (n) nguyeân taéc good-natured (a) toát buïng pursuit (n) möu caàu gossip (v) ngoài leâ ñoâi maùch quality (n) phaåm chaát height (n) chieàu cao quick-witted (a) nhanh trí helpful (a) giuùp ñôõ, giuùp ích relationship (n) moái quan heä Trang 1 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy remain (v) vaãn (coøn) studious (a) chaêm chæ Residential Area (n) khu daân cö suspicion (n) söï nghi ngôø rumour (n) lôøi ñoàn suspicious (a) nghi ngôø secret (n) bí maät sympathy (n) söï thoâng caûm selfish (a) ích kyû take up (v) ñeà caäp ñeán sense of humour (n) oùc haøi höôùc trust (n,v) söï tin töôûng share (v) chia seû uncertain (a) khoâng chaéc chaén sincere (a) thaønh thaät understanding (a) thaáu hieåu sorrow (n) noãi buoàn unselfishness (n) tính khoâng ích kyû GRAMMAR ☺ 1. Infinitive with to (Ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu coù to) 1.1 Sau tuùc töø cuûa ñoäng töø: Ex: The teacher told me to do this exercise. (Thaày baûo toâi laøm baøi taäp naøy.) S V O to V advise (khuyeân), allow, permit (cho pheùp), ask (yeâu caàu), invite (môøi), tell (baûo, keå), order (ra leänh), … 1.2 Sau moät soá tính töø: able (coù theå), unable (khoâng theå), happy (vui veû), delighted (vui möøng), easy (deã), lovely (thuù vò, hay), glad (vui), sorry (tieác), anxious (noùng loøng), content (baèng loøng), afraid (sôï), eager (haùo höùc), amazed (ngaïc nhieân), pleased (haøi loøng), disappointed (thaát voïng), surprised (ngaïc nhieân), certain (chaéc chaén), willing (saün loøng), … Ex: I am glad to know you are successful. (Toâi vui khi bieát baïn thaønh coâng.) S be adj to V 1.3 Trong caáu truùc: S + be + too + adj + to V (quaù … neân khoâng theå …) Ex: He is too old to run fast. (OÂng aáy quaù giaø neân khoâng theå chaïy nhanh.) S be too adj to V 1.4 Sau moät soá ñoäng töø: want (muoán), expect (mong chôø, kyø voïng), refuse (töø choái), hope (hy voïng), decide (quyeát ñònh), agree (ñoàng yù), plan (döï ñònh), would like (muoán), fail (thaát baïi, hoûng), learn (hoïc), afford (coù ñuû khaû naêng/ñieàu kieän), manage (xoay sôû), demand (ñoøi hoûi, yeâu caàu), prepare (chuaån bò), promise (höùa), wish (ao öôùc), begin/start (baét ñaàu), mean (ñònh), … Ex: They want to make friends with me. (Hoï muoán keát baïn vôùi toâi.) S V to V Trang 2 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 1.5 Sau danh töø hoaëc ñaïi töø thay theá cho meänh ñeà quan heä (baét ñaàu baèng who/whom/which/that): Ex: There is a lot of housework which I should do. ---> There is a lot of housework to do. (Coù nhieàu vieäc nhaø caàn laøm.) Have you got anything that you can read? ---> Have you got anything to read? (Baïn coù gì ñoïc khoâng?) 2. Infinitive without to (Ñoäng töø nguyeân maãu khoâng coù to) Ñöôïc duøng: 2.1 Sau caùc ñoäng töø: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, ought to, have to, would rather, had better Ex: He can speak three languages. (Anh ta coù theå noùi ba thöù tieáng.) 2.2 Sau tuùc töø cuûa ñoäng töø: get out of the car. (Toâi thaáy hoï ra khoûi xe hôi.) Ex: I watched them his daughter stay home. (OÂng ta baét buoäc con gaùi ôû nhaø.) He made go. (Coâ aáy ñeå anh ta ñi.) She let him SV O V0 V:feel (caûm thaáy), hear (nghe), see (gaëp), watch (thaáy), smell (ngöûi thaáy) make (baét buoäc), let (ñeå cho) * LÖU YÙ: - So saùnh söï khaùc nhau giöõa muïc 1.1 vaø 2.2. - Neáu ñoäng töø trong caâu ôû daïng bò ñoäng (be + V3/ed), duøng to V theo sau, tröø ñoäng töø “let” (ñöôïc ñoåi thaønh “be allowed”). Ex: (a) They were watched to get out of the car. (b) His daughter was made to stay home. (c) He to go. was allowed S be + V3/ed to V PERSONAL EXPERIENCES UNIT 2: VOCABULARY ☺ affect (v) aûnh höôûng break out (v) xaûy ra baát thình lình appreciate (v) traân troïng carry (v) mang attitude (n) thaùi ñoä complain (v) phaøn naøn bake (v) nöôùng complaint (n) lôøi phaøn naøn Trang 3 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy contain (v) chöùa, ñöïng own (v) sôû höõu cottage (n) nhaø tranh package (n) böu kieän destroy (v) phaù huûy, tieâu huûy protect (v) baûo veä dollar note (n) tieàn giaáy ñoâla purse (n) caùi ví embarrassing (a) ngöôïng nguøng, realise (v) nhaän ra luùng tuùng replace (v) thay theá embrace (v) oâm rescue (v) cöùu nguy, cöùu hoä escape (v) thoaùt khoûi scream (v) la heùt experience (n) traûi nghieäm set off (v) leân ñöôøng fail (v) rôùt, hoûng shine (v) chieáu saùng floppy (a) meàm shy (a) maéc côõ, beõn leõn glance at (v) lieác nhìn sneaky (a) leùn luùt grow up (v) lôùn leân terrified (a) kinh haõi idol (n) thaàn töôïng thief (n) teân troäm imitate (v) baét chöôùc turn away (v) quay ñi, boû ñi make a fuss (v) laøm aàm ó turtle (n) con ruøa marriage (n) hoân nhaân unforgetable (a) khoâng theå queân memorable (a) ñaùng nhôù wad (n) naém tieàn novel (n) tieåu thuyeát wave (v) vaåy tay GRAMMAR ☺ 1. Present simple (Hieän taïi ñôn) Thì hieän taïi ñôn ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû: 1.1 Moät thoùi quen, moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laëp ñi laëp laïi thöôøng xuyeân. Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/week/month … Ex: Mary often gets up early. (Mary thöôøng thöùc daäy sôùm.) 1.2 Moät söï thaät luùc naøo cuõng ñuùng hay moät chaân lyù. Ex: The sun rises in the east. (Maët trôøi moïc höôùng ñoâng.) 1.3 Moät haønh ñoäng trong töông lai ñaõ ñöôïc ñöa vaøo chöông trình, keá hoaïch. Ex: The football match begins at 5pm. (Traän boùng ñaù baét ñaàu luùc 5g chieàu.) 1.4 Söï vieäc, caâu chuyeän ñaõ xaûy ra (seõ loâi cuoán ngöôøi nghe/ñoïc hôn laø duøng quaù khöù ñôn) Ex: In my dream, I see a fairy. She and I fly around the world. (Trong mô, toâi gaëp moät coâ tieân. Coâ tieân vaø toâi bay voøng quanh theá giôùi.) 2. Past simple (Quaù khöù ñôn) Trang 4 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy Thì QKÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù vôùi thôøi gian ñöôïc xaùc ñònh roõ. Caùc traïng töø thöôøng ñi keøm: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990, … Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969. (Baùc Hoà qua ñôøi vaøo naêm 1969.) 3. Past progressive (Quaù khöù tieáp dieãn) Thì QKTD duøng ñeå dieãn taû: 3.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra (vaø keùo daøi) vaøo moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät khoaûng thôøi gian trong quaù khöù. Ex: I was studying her lesson at 7 last night. (7g toái qua, toâi ñang hoïc baøi) 3.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra (V-ing) ôû quaù khöù thì coù moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xen vaøo (V2/ed). Ex: He was sleeping when I came. (Anh ta ñang nguû khi toâi ñeán.) 3.3 Hai haønh ñoäng dieãn ra song song cuøng luùc trong quaù khöù. Ex: While I was doing my homework, my younger brother was watching TV. (Trong khi toâi ñang laøm baøi taäp veà nhaø thì em trai toâi ñang xem tivi.) 4. Past perfect (Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh) Thì QKHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû: 4.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát tröôùc moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät haønh ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù (haønh ñoäng tröôùc duøng HAD + V3/ed, haønh ñoäng sau duøng V2/ed). Ex: Lucie had learned English before she came to England. (Lucie hoïc tieáng Anh tröôùc khi coâ aáy ñeán nöôùc Anh.) 4.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra nhöng chöa hoaøn thaønh, tính ñeán moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù trong quaù khöù. Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten years. (Tôùi luùc toâi rôøi ngoâi tröôøng aáy, toâi ñaõ daïy ñöôïc 10 naêm.) * LÖU YÙ: Ñoïc kyõ muïc 3.2 vaø muïc 4. A PARTY UNIT 3: VOCABULARY ☺ accidentally (adv) tình côø clap (v) voã tay blow out (v) thoåi taét count on (v) troâng chôø vaøo budget (n) ngaân saùch decorate (v) trang trí candle (n) ñeøn caày, neán decoration (n) söï/ñoà trang trí celebrate (v) toå chöùc, laøm leã kyû nieäm Trang 5 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy diamond anniversary (n) (= diamond judge (n) thaåm phaùn wedding= diamond jubilee) leã kyû lemonade (n) nöôùc chanh nieäm ñaùm cöôùi kim cöông (60 naêm) mention (v) ñeà caäp financial (a) (thuoäc) taøi chính mess (n) söï böøa boän flight (n) chuyeán bay milestone (n)söï kieän quan troïng forgive (v) tha thöù organise (v) toå chöùc get into trouble (exp) refreshments (n) moùn aên nheï golden anniversary (n) (= golden serve (v) phuïc vuï wedding= golden jubilee) leã kyû nieäm silver anniversary (n) (= silver ñaùm cöôùi vaøng (50 naêm) wedding= silver jubilee) leã kyû nieäm guest (n) khaùch ñaùm cöôùi baïc (25 naêm) helicopter (n) tröïc thaêng slice (n) mieáng hold (v) toå chöùc slip out (v) lôõ mieäng icing (n) lôùp kem phuû treân maët baùnh tidy up (v) doïn deïp jelly (n) thaïch (thöïc phaåm coù höông upset (v) laøm boái roái, lo laéng vò traùi caây ñöôïc ñong laïi) GRAMMAR ☺ 1. Infinitive and gerund (to V vaø V-ing) 1.1 S + V + to V (xem 1.4, trang 2) 1.2 S + V + V-ing Ex: She enjoys listening to music. (Coâ aáy thích nghe nhaïc.) V V-ing Moät soá ñoäng töø sau ñaây caàn coù V-ing theo sau: enjoy (thích, thöôûng thöùc), finish (hoaøn thaønh), postpone (trì hoaõn), avoid (traùnh), keep (vaãn coøn, tieáp tuïc), practise (thöïc haønh), miss (boû lôõ), spend (tieâu xaøi, traûi qua), allow/permit (cho pheùp), advise (khuyeân), recommend (ñeà nghò, khuyeân baûo), give up (töø boû), suggest (ñeà nghò), deny (töø choái), consider (xem xeùt), quit (rôøi boû), dislike (khoâng thích), can’t help (khoâng theå khoâng), risk (maïo hieåm), mention (ñeà caäp), mind (phieàn), … * LÖU YÙ: Sau giôùi töø (in, on, at, about, for, from, …) ta duøng V-ing. 2. Passive infinitive (to be + V3/ed) Duøng vôùi nghóa bò ñoäng, sau caùc ñoäng töø trong muïc 1.4, trang 2. Khi laøm baøi, caàn löu yù nghóa cuûa caâu laø chuû ñoäng (V + to V) hay bò ñoäng (V + to be + V3/ed). Ex: They want to be invited to the party. (Hoï muoán ñöôïc môøi döï tieäc.) SAI: They want to invite to the party. (Hoï muoán môøi ñeán döï tieäc.) Trang 6 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy Caâu naøy SAI vì ngöôøi ñoïc khoâng roõ hoï muoán môøi ai. Trong caâu treân, hoï ñöôïc môøi (= ai ñoù môøi hoï), nghóa ñaõ roõ raøng. 3. Passive gerund (being + V3/ed) Duøng vôùi nghóa bò ñoäng, sau caùc ñoäng töø trong muïc 1.2, trang 6. Khi laøm baøi, caàn löu yù nghóa cuûa caâu laø chuû ñoäng (V + V-ing) hay bò ñoäng (V+being+ V3/ed). Ex: I disliked being taken to the zoo when I was a child. (Khi coøn nhoû, toâi khoâng thích ñöôïc daãn ñi vöôøn baùch thuù.) SAI: I disliked taking to the zoo when I was a child. (Khi coøn nhoû, toâi khoâng thích daãn ñi vöôøn baùch thuù.) Caâu naøy SAI vì ngöôøi ñoïc khoâng roõ toâi khoâng thích daãn ai. Trong caâu treân, toâi ñöôïc daãn (= ai ñoù daãn toâi), nghóa ñaõ roõ raøng. * LÖU YÙ: Sau giôùi töø (in, on, at, about, for, from, …), vaãn duøng “being”. VOLUNTEER WORK UNIT 4: VOCABULARY ☺ (the) aged (n) ngöôøi giaø fund-raising (a) gaây quyõ assistance (n) söï giuùp ñôõ gratitude (n) loøng bieát ôn be fired (v) bò phaït handicapped (a) taät nguyeàn behave (v) cö xöû instruction (n) chæ daãn, höôùng daãn bend (v) uoán cong, cuùi xuoáng intersections (n) giao loä care (n) söï chaêm soùc lawn (n) baõi coû charity (n) toå chöùc töø thieän martyr (n) lieät syõ comfort (n) söï an uûi mountain (n) nuùi co-operate (v) hôïp taùc mow (v) caét co-ordinate (v) phoái hôïp natural disaster (n) thieân tai cross (v) baêng qua order (n) meänh leänh deny (v) töø choái order (v) ra leänh desert (v) boû ñi orphanage (n) traïi moà coâi diary (n) nhaät kyù overcome (v) vöôït qua direct (v) ñieàu khieån park (v) ñaäu xe disadvantaged (a) baát haïnh participate in (v) tham gia donate (v) taëng raise money (v) quyeân goùp tieàn donation (n) khoaûn taëng/ñoùng goùp receipt (n) ngöôøi nhaän donor (n) ngöôøi cho/taëng remote (a) xa xoâi, heûo laùnh fire extinguisher (n) bình chöõa chaùy retire (v) veà höu Trang 7 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy rope (n) daây thöøng touch (v) chaïm snatch up (v) naém laáy voluntarily (adv) 1 caùch tình nguyeän suffer (v) chò ñöïng, ñau khoå voluntary (a) tình nguyeän support (v) uûng hoä, hoã trôï volunteer (n) tình nguyeän vieân take part in (v) tham gia volunteer (v) tình nguyeän, xung tie … to …(v) buoäc, coät … vaøo … phong toe (n) ngoùn chaân war invalid (n) thöông binh GRAMMAR ☺ 1. Gerund and present participle (Danh ñoäng töø vaø hieän taïi phaân töø) 1.1 Danh ñoäng töø: (V-ing) 1.1.1 Laøm chuû töø cho ñoäng töø Ex: Singing is one of her hobbies. (Ca haùt laø moät trong nhöõng sôû thích cuûa coâ ta.) 1.1.2 Laøm tuùc töø cho ñoäng töø (V + V-ing) (xem theâm muïc 1.2, trang 6) Ex: She enjoys singing. (Coâ ta thích ca haùt.) 1.1.3 Laøm tuùc töø cho giôùi töø (prep + V-ing) Ex: She is fond of singing. (Coâ ta thích ca haùt.) 1.2 Hieän taïi phaân töø: (V-ing) 1.2.1 Duøng sau caùc ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan: feel (caûm thaáy), hear (nghe), see (gaëp), watch (thaáy), smell (ngöûi thaáy) (nhaán maïnh söï tieáp dieãn cuûa haønh ñoäng). Ex: I saw him writing a letter. (Toâi gaëp anh ta ñang vieát thö.) So saùnh vôùi muïc 2.2, trang 3. 1.2.2 Duøng trong caáu truùc: S + V + O + V-ing catch (baét gaëp), find (nhaän thaáy), spend (tieâu xaøi, boû ra), waste (laõng phí), leave (ñeå) Ex: She left him waiting outside. (Coâ ta ñeå anh aáy chôø beân ngoaøi.) 1.2.3 Duøng dieãn taû caùc haønh ñoäng keá tieáp nhau (gaàn nhau veà thôøi gian) cuûa cuøng chuû töø (haønh ñoäng tröôùc duøng V-ing). Ex: Opening the drawer, she took out a book. (Môû ngaên keùo ra, coâ ta laáy 1 quyeån saùch.) Trang 8 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy [Coâ ta môû ngaên keùo tröôùc, laáy saùch sau.] 2. Perfect gerund and perfect participle (Danh ñoäng töø hoaøn thaønh vaø phaân töø hoaøn thaønh) 2.1 Perfect gerund (Having + V3/ed) - Xem laïi caùch duøng cuûa gerund (muïc 1.1, trang 8) - Khi ñoäng töø (caàn theâm –ING) chæ haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra tröôùc haønh ñoäng kia, duøng Perfect gerund dieãn taû haønh ñoäng tröôùc. Ex: He was accused of having deserted his ship two months ago. (Anh ta bò caùo buoäc ñaõ boû con taøu caùch ñaây hai thaùng.) [Haønh ñoäng boû con taøu dieãn ra tröôùc khi bò caùo buoäc.] Khoâng coù söï khaùc bieät lôùn khi noùi “He was accused of deserting his ship two months ago.” 2.2 Perfect participle (Having + V3/ed) Khi hai haønh ñoäng cuûa cuøng chuû töø xaûy ra tröôùc sau trong quaù khöù, duøng Having + V3/ed dieãn taû haønh ñoäng tröôùc (keùo daøi hôn haønh ñoäng thöù hai). Ex: Having dug a hole in the road, they disappeared. (Ñaøo moät loã treân ñöôøng xong, hoï bieán maát.) So saùnh vôùi muïc 1.2.3, trang 8. (Khoâng coù söï khaùc bieät lôùn.) ILLITERACY UNIT 5: VOCABULARY ☺ academic (a) coù tính hoïc thuaät honorable (a) vinh döï campaign (n) chieán dòch illiteracy (n) muø chöõ cheat (v) gian laän lifeguard (n) ngöôøi cöùu ñaém consult (v) hoûi yù kieán literate (a) bieát ñoïc, vieát decline (v) suy giaûm low-income (a) thu nhaäp thaáp decrease (v) giaûm maturity (n) söï tröôûng thaønh effective (a) hieäu quaû motivate (v) thuùc ñaåy encourage (v) khuyeán khích performance (n) söï theå hieän, thaønh enforce (v) baét tuaân theo tích eradicate (v) xoùa boû promotion (n) khuyeán khích ethnic minority (n) daân toäc thieåu soá rate (n) tæ leä fight (against) (n) cuoäc chieán realistic (a) thöïc teá goal (n) muïc reduce (v) laøm giaûm highlands (n) cao nguyeân regulation (n) qui ñònh Trang 9 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy relevant (a) lieân quan strength (n) ñieåm maïnh rise (n) söï gia taêng strict (a) nghieâm khaéc self-respect (n) loøng töï troïng survey (n) cuoäc khaûo saùt shore (n) bôø tutoring (a) phuï ñaïo shortage (n) söï thieáu huït universalisation (n) phoå caäp society (n) hoäi weakness (n) ñieåm yeáu strategy (n) chieán löôïc GRAMMAR ☺ Reported Speech with infinitive(s) (Caâu töôøng thuaät vôùi to V) 1. Vaøi ñieåm caàn nhôù veà caâu töôøng thuaät: Khi ñoåi sang caâu töôøng thuaät, caàn ñoåi ba yeáu toá laø ngoâi, thì cuûa ñoäng töø vaø traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán. 1.1 Ngoâi: (nhaát – chuû, nhò – tuùc, tam – nguyeân) - Ñoåi ngoâi thöù NHAÁT phuø hôïp vôùi CHUÛ TÖØ trong meänh ñeà chính. - Ñoåi ngoâi thöù HAI phuø hôïp vôùi TUÙC TÖØ trong meänh ñeà chính. - Ngoâi thöù BA khoâng ñoåi. 1.2 Thì cuûa ñoäng töø: ---> V2/ed ---> should V1 shall ---> had + V3/ed ---> might V2/ed may ---> could ---> had to can must ---> would will 1.3 Traïng töø chæ thôøi gian vaø nôi choán: ---> that day next week ---> the week after today the following week ---> that night tonight tomorrow ---> the day after ---> then now the following day ---> before ago ---> that this yesterday ---> the day before ---> those the previous day these --->there here last week ---> the week before the previous week Ex1: He said to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow.” ---> He told me (that) he and I would go with her father the following day. Ex2: She said to me, “I met your brother yesterday.” ---> She told me (that) she had met my brother the day before. Trang 10 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy * LÖU YÙ: Ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät thay ñoåi tuøy nghóa cuûa caâu. Moät soá ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät phoå bieán laø: tell (baûo), ask (yeâu caàu, hoûi), encourage (ñoäng vieân), want (muoán), advise (khuyeân), agree (ñoàng yù), invite (môøi), remind (nhaéc nhôû), promise (höùa), warn (caûnh baùo), … 2. Caâu töôøng thuaät vôùi “to infinitive”: 2.1 Caâu meänh leänh giaùn tieáp khaúng ñònh: Ex: “Remember to finish your exercise, Tom,” the teacher said. ---> His teacher reminded Tom to finish his exercise. (“Haõy nhôù hoaøn thaønh baøi taäp cuûa em, Tom aø”, thaày giaùo noùi. ---> Thaày giaùo nhaéc Tom hoaøn thaønh baøi taäp.) 2.2 Caâu meänh leänh giaùn tieáp phuû ñònh: Ex: They said, “Don’t talk in the class.” ---> They told us not to talk in the class. (Hoï noùi, “Ñöøng noùi chuyeän trong lôùp. ---> Hoï baûo chuùng toâi khoâng noùi chuyeän trong lôùp.) 2.3 Moät soá caáu truùc khaùc: a. Ñeà nghò, lôøi môøi: Ex: He said, “Would you like to go out for a drink?” ---> He invited me to go out for a drink. (Anh ta noùi, “Môøi anh ra ngoaøi duøng nöôùc”. ---> Anh ta môøi toâi ra ngoaøi duøng nöôùc.) b. Yeâu caàu: Ex: She said, “Can you lend me your book?” ---> She asked me to lend her my book. (Coâ aáy noùi, “Anh coù theå cho toâi möôïn saùch cuûa anh?” ---> Coâ aáy yeâu caàu toâi cho coâ aáy möôïn saùch cuûa toâi.) c. Khuyeân baûo: Ex: “You should study harder,” my mother said. ---> My mother advised me to study harder. (Meï toâi noùi, “Con neân hoïc chaêm hôn”. ---> Meï toâi khuyeân toâi hoïc chaêm hôn.) d. Höùa heïn: Ex: “I will give you my book,” he said. ---> He promised to give me his book. (Anh ta noùi, “Toâi seõ ñöa cho anh quyeån saùch cuûa toâi”. Trang 11 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy ---> Anh ta höùa ñöa cho toâi quyeån saùch cuûa anh aáy.) Coâng thöùc chung khi ñoåi sang caâu töôøng thuaät vôùi to V: S + V (+ O) + to V 2.4 Gôïi yù caùch laøm baøi: Böôùc 1: Xaùc ñònh (1) caâu tröïc tieáp ñaõ cho thuoäc nhoùm naøo (meänh leänh, ñeà nghò, yeâu caàu, …) vaø (2) ñoäng töø chính trong caâu tröïc tieáp. Böôùc 2: Xaùc ñònh (1) ngöôøi noùi vaø (2) ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät thích hôïp. Böôùc 3: Xaùc ñònh vaø theâm tuùc töø (ngöôøi/vaät ñöôïc töôøng thuaät) vaøo sau ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät (neáu coù) Böôùc 4: Haï ñoäng töø chính (ôû Böôùc 1) vaø theâm TO vaøo tröôùc noù. * LÖU YÙ: NGOÂI, THÌ vaø TRAÏNG TÖØ (neáu coù) vaãn thay ñoåi. COMPETITIONS UNIT 6: VOCABULARY ☺ accuse … (of) (v) buoäc toäi judge (n) giaùm khaûo admit (v) thöøa nhaän, thuù nhaän native speaker (n) ngöôøi baûn xöù announce (v) coâng boá observe (v) quan saùt annual (a) haøng naêm participant (n) ngöôøi tham gia apologise (for) (v) xin loãi patter (v) rôi loäp ñoäp athletic (a) (thuoäc) ñieàn kinh pay (v) traû tieàn champion (n) nhaø voâ ñòch poem (n) baøi thô clock (v) ñaït, ghi ñöôïc (thôøi gian) poetry (n) thô ca compete (v) thi ñaáu prevent … (from) (v) ngaên ngöøa, caûn competition (n) cuoäc thi ñaáu race (n) cuoäc ñua congratulate … (on)(v) chuùc möøng recite (v) ngaâm, ñoïc (thô) congratulations! xin chuùc möøng representative (n) ñaïi dieän contest (n) cuoäc thi ñaáu score (v) tính ñieåm creative (a) saùng taïo smoothly (adv) suoâng seû detective (n) thaùm töû spirit (n) tinh thaàn, khí theá entry procedure (n) thuû tuïc ñaêng kyù sponsor (v) taøi trôï feel like (v) muoán stimulate (v) khuyeán khích find out (v) tìm ra thank … (for) (v) caûm ôn general knowledge quiz (n) cuoäc thi twinkle (n) caùi nhaùy maét kieán thöùc phoå thoâng warn … (against) (v) caûnh baùo insist (on) (v) khaêng khaêng ñoøi windowpane (n) oâ cöûa kính Trang 12 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy GRAMMAR ☺ Reported speech with gerund. 1. Vaøi ñieåm caàn nhôù veà caâu töôøng thuaät: (xem muïc 1., trang 10) 2. Caâu töôøng thuaät vôùi gerund (V-ing): 2.1 Caûm ôn, xin loãi: Ex1: “It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” Tom said to you. ---> Tom thanked me for helping him. Ex2: “I’m sorry I’m late,” Peter said. ---> Peter apologised for being late. 2.2 Chuùc möøng: Ex: John said, “I heard you received the scholarship. Congratulations!” ---> John congratulated me on receiving the scholarship. 2.3 Cöông quyeát, khaêng khaêng: Ex: “I’ll help you with your physics exercise,” Peter said to Susan. ---> Peter insisted on helping Susan with her physics exercise. 2.4 Caûnh baùo, ngaên caûn: Ex1: “Don’t go out alone at night,” I said to Linda. ---> I warned Linda agaisnt going out alone at night. Ex2: “Sit here. I can’t let you stand all the time,” Mary said to me. ---> Mary prevented me from standing all the time. 2.5 Chaáp nhaän hoaëc phuû nhaän: Ex1: “We stole his money,” they said. ---> They admitted stealing his money. Ex2: “I didn’t steal his money,” she said. ---> She denied stealing his money. 2.6 Ñeà nghò: Ex: “Let’s go out for a drink,” Susan said. ---> Susan suggested going out for a drink. 2.7 Toá caùo, buoäc toäi: Ex: “You took some of my money,” he said. ---> He accused me of taking some of his money. 2.8 Mô öôùc: Ex: “I want to pass the exam with flying colours,” John said. ---> John dreamed of passing the exam with flying colours. Trang 13 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 2.9 Gôïi yù caùch laøm baøi: Böôùc 1: Ñoïc kyõ caâu tröïc tieáp, xaùc ñònh NGOÂI, THÌ vaø TRAÏNG TÖØ (ñeå coù thay ñoåi phuø hôïp). Böôùc 2: Xaùc ñònh ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät vaø giôùi töø theo sau (neáu coù) (giôùi töø coù theå theo ngay sau ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät hoaëc sau tuùc töø). Böôùc 3: Xaùc ñònh ñoäng töø caàn theâm – ING, ñaët tuùc töø (ngöôøi/vaät ñöôïc töôøng thuaät) vaøo sau ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät (neáu coù). Böôùc 4: Ñaët ñoäng töø chính theâm – ING (sau ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät hoaëc giôùi töø)ø. Coâng thöùc chung khi ñoåi sang caâu töôøng thuaät vôùi V-ing: S + V (+ O) (+ prep) + V-ing ☺ Caùc em coù theå tìm ra vaøi ñoäng töø töôøng thuaät (+ giôùi töø) qua caùc ví duï treân? WORLD POPULATION UNIT 7: VOCABULARY ☺ A.D. (Anno Domini)(n) sau coâng fresh water (n) nöôùc ngoït nguyeân generation (n) theá heä awareness (n) yù thöùc glean (v) moùt, nhaët (luùa) B.C. (Before Christ)(n) tröôùc coâng government (n) chính phuû nguyeân growth (n) taêng tröôûng billionaire (n) nhaø tæ phuù implement (v) thöïc hieän birth-control method (n) phöông improvement (n) söï caûi thieän phaùp haïn cheá sinh ñeû injury (n) chaán thöông carry out (v) tieán haønh insurance (n) söï baûo hieåm claim (n,v) (söï) ñoøi hoûi iron (n) saét cranky (a) hay gaét goûng, quaïu journalism (n) baùo chí creature (n) sinh vaät lack (n) söï thieáu huït death rate (n) tæ leä töû vong limit (n) giôùi haïn developing country (n) nöôùc ñang limit (v) haïn cheá phaùt trieån limited (a) coù giôùi haïn exercise (v) söû duïng living condition (n)ñieàu keän soáng expert (n) chuyeân gia living standard (n) möùc soáng explosion (n) söï buøng noå metal (n) kim loaïi family planning (n) keá hoaïch hoùa gia organisation (n) toå chöùc ñình overpopulated (a) quaù ñoâng daân Trang 14 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy petroleum (n) daàu moû, daàu hoûa salt water (n) nöôùc maën policy (n) chính saùch silver (n) baïc population (n) daân soá solution (n) giaûi phaùp punishment (n) phaït step (v) böôùc, giaäm leân quarrel (n,v) (söï) caõi nhau the Third World (n) theá giôùi thöù ba raise (v) nuoâi (nhöõng nöôùc ngheøo hoaëc ñang phaùt rank (v) xeáp haïng trieån ôû chaâu Phi, chaâu AÙ, chaâu Myõ la religion (n) toân giaùo tinh) resource (n) taøi nguyeân United Nations (n) Lieân hieäp quoác reward (n) thöôûng GRAMMAR ☺ 1. Conditional types 1, 2 and 3: (Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 1, 2 vaø 3) 1.1 Loaïi moät: Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän COÙ THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai. Ex: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home. (Neáu trôøi möa lôùn thì toâi seõ ôû nhaø.) 1.2 Loaïi hai: Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän KHOÂNG THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû hieän taïi hoaëc töông lai. Ex1: If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle. (Neáu toâi coù ñuû tieàn thì toâi seõ mua moät chieác xe ñaïp môùi) (Hieän taïi toâi khoâng coù ñuû tieàn.) Ex2: If I were a bird, I would fly everywhere. (Neáu toâi laø chim, toâi seõ bay khaép nôi.) (Toâi khoâng theå laø chim.) 1.3 Loaïi ba: Dieãn taû ñieàu kieän KHOÂNG THEÅ XAÛY RA ôû quaù khöù. Ex: If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam. (Neáu John hoïc chaêm chæ hôn, anh ta ñaõ khoâng thi rôùt.) (Söï thaät laø John ñaõ khoâng chaêm chæ vaø ñaõ thi rôùt.) Toùm taét coâng thöùc: Loaïi IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE 1 V1(s/es) will/can/may… + V 2 V2/ed/WERE would/could/should… + V 3 had +V3/ed would/could/should…+ have + V3/ed Trang 15 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy 2. Conditional in reported speech: (Caâu ñieàu kieän trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp) 2.1 Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 1 chuyeån sang loaïi 2: Ex: He said, “If it rains heavily, I will stay at home.” ---> He said (that) if it rained heavily, he would stay at home. 2.2 Caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 2 vaø 3: khoâng ñoåi ñoäng töø Ex1: She said, “If I had enough money, I would buy a new bicycle.” ---> She said (that) if she had enough money, she would buy a new bicycle. Ex2: The teacher said, “If John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam.” ---> The teacher said (that) if John had studied harder, he wouldn’t have failed his exam. * LÖU YÙ: Khi chuyeån moät caâu hoûi töø tröïc tieáp sang giaùn tieáp, caùc em caàn chuù yù (1) vò trí cuûa chuû töø vaø ñoäng töø vaø (2) khoâng coøn daáu chaám hoûi. Ex: She asked me, “What would he do if he were a king?” ---> She asked me what he would do if he were a king. CELEBRATIONS UNIT 8: VOCABULARY ☺ agrarian (a) (thuoäc) ngheà noâng mask (n) maët naï apricot blossom (n) hoa mai Mid-Autumn Festival (n) teát trung cauliflower (n) suùp lô, boâng caûi thu comment (n) lôøi nhaän xeùt National Independence Day (n) ngaøy crop (n) muøa vuï Quoác khaùnh depend (on) (v) tuøy vaøo overthrow (v) laät ñoå do a clean up (exp) doïn deïp saïch seõ pagoda (n) ngoâi chuøa evil spirit (n) quyû ma parade (v) dieãu haønh fatty pork (n) môõ (heo) peach blossom (n) hao ñaøo French fries (n) khoai taây chieân pine tree (n) caây thoâng good spirit (n) thaàn thaùnh positive (a) tích cöïc kimono (n) aùo kimoânoâ (Nhaät) pray (for) (v) caàu nguyeän kumquat tree (n) caây quaát vaøng preparation (n) söï chuaån bò longevity (n) tröôøng thoï roast turkey (n) gaø loâi quay lucky money (n) tieàn lì xì shrine (n) ñeàn thôø lunar calendar (n) aâm lòch similarity (n) neùt töông ñoàng Trang 16 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy solar calendar (n) döông lòch Valentine’s Day (n) leã tình nhaân spread (v) keùo daøi ward off (v) neù traùnh sticky rice (n) neáp wish (n) lôøi chuùc Thanksgiving (n) leã taï ôn GRAMMAR ☺ Caùc ñaïi töø ONE, ONES, SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE, EVERYONE 1. ONE vaø ONES: ONE duøng ñeå thay theá moät danh töø ñeám ñöôïc soá ít (traùnh laëp töø). Ex: This watch doesn’t work any more. I’m going to buy a new one. (Caùi ñoàng hoà naøy khoâng coøn chaïy nöõa. Toâi saép mua caùi môùi.) ONES laø hình thöùc soá nhieàu cuûa ONE. Ex: These watches don’t work ant more. I’m going to buy new ones. 2. SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE vaø EVERYONE: Someone (ai ñoù), anyone (baát cöù ai), no one (khoâng ai) vaø everyone (moïi ngöôøi) duøng vôùi ñoäng töø ngoâi thöù ba soá ít. Someone vaø everyone duøng trong caâu khaúng ñònh. Anyone duøng trong caâu hoûi vaø phuû ñònh. Sau no one duøng ñoäng töø ôû theå khaúng ñònh. Ex: Someone is following me. (Ai ñoù ñang theo sau toâi.) Everyone has gone home. (Moïi ngöôøi ñaõ veà nhaø.) Can anyone answer this question? (Coù ai coù theå traû lôøi caâu hoûi naøy khoâng?) I can’t see anyone here. (Toâi khoâng theå thaáy baát cöù ai ôû ñaây.) No one can answer this question. * LÖU YÙ: - Someone = somebody, everyone = everybody - Coù theå duøng everyone trong caâu hoûi. Khi ñoù ngöôøi hoûi muoán ñeà caäp ñeán taát caû moïi ngöôøi. Ex: It’s a little noisy here. Can everyone hear well? (ÔÛ ñaây hôi oàn. Moïi ngöôøi coù theå nghe roõ?) Trang 17 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy PHUÏ LUÏC 1: ÑOÄNG TÖØ BAÁT QUY TAÉC THÖÔØNG GAËP Hieän taïi Quaù khöù QK PT Nghóa am/is/are was/were been thì, laø, ôû arise arose arisen xuaát hieän bear bore borne sinh ra beat beat beaten ñaùnh, ñaäp become became become trôû neân begin began begun baét ñaàu bend bent bent cuùi, gaäp bet bet bet ñaùnh cuoäc bite bit bitten caén bleed bled bled chaûy maùu blow blew blown thoåi break broke broken laøm vôõ breed bred bred nuoâi bring brought brought mang build built built xaây döïng burn* burnt burnt ñoát chaùy burst burst burst böøng chaùy buy bought bought mua catch caught caught baét ñöôïc choose chose chosen choïn löïa come came come ñeán cost cost cost trò giaù creep crept crept boø cut cut cut caét dig dug dug ñaøo do did done laøm draw drew drawn veõ dream* dreamt dreamt mô drink drank drunk uoáng drive drove driven laùi xe eat ate eaten aên fall fell fallen teù xuoáng feed fed fed cho aên feel felt felt caûm thaáy Trang 18 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy fight fought fought ñaùnh nhau find found found tìm thaáy fit fit fit vöøa vaën fly flew flown bay forecast forecast forecast döï baùo forget forgot forgot(ten) queân forgive forgave forgiven tha thöù freeze froze frozen ñoâng laïnh get got got(ten) ñaït ñöôïc give gave given cho go went gone ñi grind ground ground nghieàn grow grew grown moïc hang hung hung treo have had had coù; duøng hear heard heard nghe hide hid hidden che giaáu hit hit hit ñuïng hold held held caàm,naém,toå chöùc hurt hurt hurt laøm ñau keep kept kept giöõ know knew known bieát lay laid laid ñaët, ñeå lead led led daãn daét learn* learnt learnt hoïc leave left left rôøi khoûi lend lent lent cho möôïn let let let ñeå cho lose lost lost ñaùnh maát make made made laøm mean meant meant nghóa laø meet met met gaëp overcome overcame overcome vöôït qua pay paid paid traû tieàn put put put ñaët, ñeå quit quit quit thoaùt ra read read read ñoïc Trang 19 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
- Töø vöïng, ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh 11 (CTC) Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy ride rode ridden cöôõi, ñaïp xe ring rang rung reo, rung rise rose risen nhoâ,moäc leân run ran run chaïy say said said noùi seek sought sought tìm kieám sell sold sold baùn send sent sent göûi ñi set set set xeáp ñaët shake shook shaken laéc shoot shot shot baén shut shut shut ñoùng laïi sing sang sung haùt sink sank sunk chìm, ñaém sit sat sat ngoài sleep slept slept nguû slide slid slid tröôït ñi smell* smelt smelt ngöûi speak spoke spoken noùi speed sped sped taêng toác spell spelt spelt ñaùnh vaàn spend spent spent tieâu xaøi spill spilt spilt traøn ra spread spread spread lan truyeàn stand stood stood ñöùng sting stung stung chích, ñoát strike struck struck ñaùnh swear swore sworn theà sweep swept swept queùt swim swam swum bôi, loäi swing swung swung ñaùnh ñu take took taken caàm, naém teach taught taught daïy tear tore torn xeù raùch tell told told baûo, keå think thought thought suy nghó throw threw thrown neùm Trang 20 Hoïc, hoïc nöõa, hoïc maõi!!!
