The sat critical reading section 6

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5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 67 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 17. In the last paragraph of Passage 2, the author 12. The author of Passage 1 says in the ﬁnal paragraph indicates that that in the teen years, it is most important to a. our brain is our best tool a. learn to make shirts correctly b. mining is an honorable occupation b. keep one’s mind on the task at hand c. ﬁshing makes one foolish c. unlearn any left-handed habits d. humans are superior to other animals d. have fun e. it can be hard to tell up from down when e. think about the best way to do everything looking in a stream 13. The word peculiar in line 24 most nearly means 18. With which of the following statements would a. odd the authors of both passages agree? b. distinctive a. Reality is whatever you deﬁne it as. c. uniform b. That which is real is plain, if not always easy, d. rigid to see. e. enthusiastic c. Society cloaks reality in mystery. 14. In line 27, the phrase however triﬂing the occupa- d. What one actually does is more important than what one thinks. tion most nearly means e. Hard work is the most important thing in life. a. no matter what the line of work b. even in the least important task 19. The two passages differ in that the author of c. particularly in one’s employment d. whenever one needs to work Passage 1 e. no matter how undigniﬁed one’s job is a. offers advice, while the author of Passage 2 does not 15. In the opening of Passage 2 (lines 31–38), the b. is writing for parents, and the author of author states the belief that what stands between Passage 2 is not us and reality is c. believes that observation is of paramount a. facts importance, but the author of Passage 2 thinks b. poetry and philosophy observation is overrated c. a wall or a state d. offers practical advice, while the author of d. mud and slush Passage 2 takes a more intellectual approach e. opinion, prejudice, delusion, appearance, and e. cares about public opinion, while the author tradition of Passage 2 does not 16. Toward delusion, it can be inferred that the 20. Both passages illustrate the idea that author of Passage 2 feels a. thinking for oneself has many rewards a. indifferent b. a well-bred person is industrious b. threatened c. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush c. frustrated that it is so pervasive d. life in the country is more rewarding than d. happy that it is so rare city life e. ready to accept it as a part of life e. if one takes ones time, one will do a better job 67
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 68 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – Questions 21–26 are based on the following passage. The following selection is taken from Hawaii’s Story by Hawaii’s Queen, by Liliuokalani, a Hawaiian queen. For the purpose of enhancing the value of their own mission, it has been at times asserted by foreigners that the abundance of the chief was procured by the poverty of his followers. To any person at all famil- iar, either by experience or from trustworthy tradition, with the daily life of the Hawaiian people ﬁfty years ago, nothing could be more incorrect than such an assumption. The chief whose retainers were in any Line poverty or want would have felt, not only their sufferings, but, further, his own disgrace. As was then cus- (5) tomary with the Hawaiian chiefs, my father was surrounded by hundreds of his own people, all of whom looked to him, and never in vain, for sustenance. He lived in a large grass house surrounded by smaller ones, which were the homes of those the most closely connected with his service. There was food enough and to spare for everyone. And this was equally true of all his people, however distant from his personal care. For the chief always appointed some man of ability as his agent or overseer. This ofﬁcer apportioned the (10) lands to each Hawaiian, and on these allotments were raised the taro*, the potatoes, the pigs, and the chick- ens which constituted the living of the family; even the forests, which furnished the material from which was made the tapa cloth, were apportioned to the women in like manner. It is true that no one of the com- mon people could mortgage or sell his land, but the wisdom of this limitation is abundantly proved by the homeless condition of the Hawaiians at the present day. Rent, eviction of tenants, as understood in other (15) lands, were unknown; but each retainer of any chief contributed in the productions of his holding to the support of the chief ’s table. But I was destined to grow up away from the house of my parents. Immediately after my birth I was wrapped in the ﬁnest soft tapa cloth, and taken to the house of another chief, by whom I was adopted. Konia, my foster-mother, was a granddaughter of Kamehameha I, and was married to Paki, also a high chief; their (20) only daughter, Bernice Pauahi, afterwards Mrs. Charles R. Bishop, was therefore my foster-sister. In speak- ing of our relationship, I have adopted the term customarily used in the English language, but there was no such modiﬁcation recognized in my native land. I knew no other father or mother than my foster- parents, no other sister than Bernice. I used to climb up on the knees of Paki, put my arms around his neck, kiss him, and he caressed me as a father would his child; while on the contrary, when I met my own par- (25) ents, it was with perhaps more interest, yet always with the demeanor I would have shown to any strangers who noticed me. My own father and mother had other children, ten in all, the most of them being adopted into other chiefs’ families; and although I knew that these were my own brothers and sisters, yet we met throughout my younger life as though we had not known our common parentage. This was, and indeed is, in accordance with Hawaiian customs. It is not easy to explain its origin to those alien to our (30) national life, but it seems perfectly natural to us. As intelligible a reason as can be given is that this alliance by adoption cemented the ties of friendship between the chiefs. It spread to the common people, and it has doubtless fostered a community of interest and harmony. * an edible plant 68
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 69 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – 21. In line 2, the phrase the abundance of the chief was 24. The last two sentences of paragraph 1 (lines procured by the poverty of his followers indicates 13–17) portray the Hawaiian land system as a. the chief never bought anything the people a. limited in its wisdom couldn’t afford b. responsible for homelessness b. the chief felt badly for those with less than the c. used to support the chief ’s retainers royals d. viable in the present day c. foreigners do not understand Hawaiian e. superior to the present system culture 25. In paragraph 2 (lines 18–33), the explanation d. Hawaiian tradition is more important than personal wealth offered by the author for her adoption reﬂects e. all the people’s wealth went to the chief her belief that a. her foster parents were superior to her birth 22. In line 7, the word sustenance refers to parents a. material support b. children should never be separated from their b. encouragement parents c. shelter c. it was her fate d. affection d. the practice encourages cooperation among e. rule the people e. brothers and sisters are more often annoying 23. In lines 12–13, the author states that Hawaiian than not women were given 26. The author’s tone in this passage is one of a. taro b. tapa cloth a. belligerence regarding her parents c. forest land b. defensiveness of her culture d. raw materials c. resentment toward Western culture e. nothing d. affection toward her adoptive parents e. curiosity about traditional practices 69
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 70 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – Questions 27–32 are based on the following passage. This passage is an excerpt from the book Concerning the Spiritual in Art, by the artist Wassily Kandinsky. Every work of art is the child of its age and, in many cases, the mother of our emotions. It follows that each period of culture produces an art of its own which can never be repeated. Efforts to revive the art princi- ples of the past will at best produce an art that is still-born. It is impossible for us to live and feel, as did Line the ancient Greeks. In the same way those who strive to follow the Greek methods in sculpture achieve only (5) a similarity of form, the work remaining soulless for all time. Such imitation is mere aping. Externally the monkey completely resembles a human being; he will sit holding a book in front of his nose and turn over the pages with a thoughtful aspect, but his actions have for him no real meaning. There is, however, in art another kind of external similarity, which is founded on a fundamental truth. When there is a similarity of inner tendency in the whole moral and spiritual atmosphere, a similarity of (10) ideals, at ﬁrst closely pursued but later lost to sight, a similarity in the inner feeling of any one period to that of another, the logical result will be a revival of the external forms that served to express those inner feelings in an earlier age. An example of this today is our sympathy, our spiritual relationship, with the Prim- itives. Like ourselves, these artists sought to express in their work only internal truths, renouncing in con- sequence all consideration of external form. (15) This all-important spark of inner life today is at present only a spark. Our minds, which are even now only just awakening after years of materialism, are infected with the despair of unbelief, of lack of purpose and ideal. The nightmare of materialism, which has turned the life of the universe into an evil, useless game, is not yet past; it holds the awakening soul still in its grip. Only a feeble light glimmers like a tiny star in a vast gulf of darkness. This feeble light is but a presentiment, and the soul, when it sees it, trembles in doubt (20) whether the light is not a dream, and the gulf of darkness reality. This doubt, and the still harsh tyranny of the materialistic philosophy, divide our soul sharply from that of the Primitives. Our soul rings cracked when we seek to play upon it, as does a costly vase, long buried in the earth, which is found to have a ﬂaw when it is dug up once more. For this reason, the Primitive phase, through which we are now passing, with its temporary similarity of form, can only be of short duration. (25) These two possible resemblances between the art forms of today and those of the past will be at once recognized as diametrically opposed to one another. The ﬁrst, being purely external, has no future. The second, being internal, contains the seed of the future within itself. After the period of materialist effort, which held the soul in check until it was shaken off as evil, the soul is emerging, purged by trials and suf- ferings. Shapeless emotions such as fear, joy, grief, etc., which belonged to this time of effort, will no longer greatly attract the artist. He will endeavor to awake subtler emotions, as yet unnamed. Living himself a com- (30) plicated and comparatively subtle life, his work will give to those observers capable of feeling them lofty emotions beyond the reach of words. The observer of today, however, is seldom capable of feeling such emotions. He seeks in a work of art a mere imitation of nature which can serve some deﬁnite purpose (for example a portrait in the ordi- nary sense) or a presentment of nature according to a certain convention (“impressionist” painting), or (35) some inner feeling expressed in terms of natural form (as we say—a picture with Stimmung*). All those * feeling 70
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 71 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – varieties of picture, when they are really art, fulﬁll their purpose and feed the spirit. Though this applies to the ﬁrst case, it applies more strongly to the third, where the spectator does feel a corresponding thrill in himself. Such harmony or even contrast of emotion cannot be superﬁcial or worthless; indeed the Stim- (40) mung of a picture can deepen and purify that of the spectator. Such works of art at least preserve the soul from coarseness; they “key it up,” so to speak, to a certain height, as a tuning-key the strings of a musical instrument. But puriﬁcation, and extension in duration and size of this sympathy of soul, remain one-sided, and the possibilities of the inﬂuence of art are not exerted to their utmost. 27. In line 1, Every work of art is the child of its age 30. In paragraph 3, the author believe that the Primi- means tive phase will be short-lived because a. all art matures over time a. the human soul is cracked like a vase b. art reﬂects its era b. the spark of inner life is only a spark c. art has different meanings for different people c. darkness is the true reality d. every age has produced art d. doubt and materialism prevail e. art reﬂects the innocence of children e. society is not prepared for it 28. In lines 5–7, the author uses the example of the 31. It can be inferred that the author feels art monkey to a. should render nature exactly a. show that human beings and apes are similar b. is best when viewed in a museum b. demonstrate that monkeys can imitate human c. should enrich the spirit beings d. changes over time c. prove that imitation is mechanical e. improves with every generation d. show that all art can be replicated 32. In line 26, diametrically most nearly means e. draw a connection between imitating art and monkeys a. unalike b. ideally 29. In line 19, presentiment most nearly means c. identically a. despair d. unusually b. precursor e. harmonious c. intellect d. trust e. premonition 71
5658 SAT2006[03](fin).qx 11/21/05 6:42 PM Page 72 – THE SAT CRITICAL READING SECTION – Questions 33–40 are based on the following passage. The following excerpt from Charles Darwin’s The Voyage of the Beagle tells of a deﬁning chapter in the life of a budding scientist. The voyage of the “Beagle” has been by far the most important event in my life, and has determined my whole career; yet it depended on so small a circumstance as my uncle offering to drive me thirty miles to Shrewsbury, which few uncles would have done, and on such a triﬂe as the shape of my nose. I have always Line felt that I owe to the voyage the ﬁrst real training or education of my mind; I was led to attend closely to (5) several branches of natural history, and thus my powers of observation were improved, though they were always fairly developed. The investigation of the geology of all the places visited was far more important, as reasoning here comes into play. On ﬁrst examining a new district nothing can appear more hopeless than the chaos of rocks; but by recording the stratiﬁcation and nature of the rocks and fossils at many points, always reasoning and (10) predicting what will be found elsewhere, light soon begins to dawn on the district, and the structure of the whole becomes more or less intelligible. I had brought with me the ﬁrst volume of Lyell’s Principles of Geol- ogy, which I studied attentively; and the book was of the highest service to me in many ways. The very ﬁrst place which I examined, namely St. Jago in the Cape de Verde islands, showed me clearly the wonderful superiority of Lyell’s manner of treating geology, compared with that of any other author, whose works I had with me or ever afterwards read. Another of my occupations was collecting animals of all classes, brieﬂy (15) describing and roughly dissecting many of the marine ones; but from not being able to draw, and from not having sufﬁcient anatomical knowledge, a great pile of manuscripts which I made during the voyage has proved almost useless. I thus lost much time, with the exception of that spent in acquiring some knowl- edge of the Crustaceans, as this was of service when in after years I undertook a monograph of the Cirripedia. (20) During some part of the day I wrote my journal, and took much pains in describing carefully and vividly all that I had seen; and this was good practice. My journal served also, in part, as letters to my home, and portions were sent to England whenever there was an opportunity. The above various special studies were, however, of no importance compared with the habit of ener- getic industry and of concentrated attention to whatever I was engaged in, which I then acquired. Every- (25) thing about which I thought or read was made to bear directly on what I had seen or was likely to see; and this habit of mind was continued during the ﬁve years of the voyage. I feel sure that it was this training which has enabled me to do whatever I have done in science. Looking backwards, I can now perceive how my love for science gradually preponderated over every other taste. (30) 72