Văn bản hợp nhất số 21/VBHN-BNNMT

This academic manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of the amended Decree (Nghị định) guiding the implementation of Vietnam's Law on Geology and Minerals. Highlighting the critical need for robust regulatory frameworks, this document details the revisions introduced by Nghị định số 21/2026/NĐ-CP, which specifically modifies and supplements the earlier Nghị định số 193/2025/NĐ-CP. The importance of this legal instrument lies in its role in streamlining procedures, enhancing governance, and ensuring the sustainable management of invaluable natural mineral resources across the nation. It sets the foundational context for all activities related to geological surveys, exploration, and mineral exploitation within Vietnam.

Government agencies, legal professionals, investors, and businesses operating or planning to operate in the geology and mineral sectors in Vietnam; researchers and academics in environmental law, resource management, and economic development.

The document serves as a vital legal framework, specifically an amended Decree, that provides detailed regulations for the implementation of Vietnam's Law on Geology and Minerals. It comprehensively outlines the scope of application for all entities involved in geological surveys, mineral exploration, mineral exploitation, and related recovery activities, thereby ensuring the effective and sustainable management of mineral resources. Key terms such as technical safety in extraction, mine waste, tailings, and mine boundaries are precisely defined to provide clarity and consistency. The decree establishes procedures for the auctioning of exploration rights and criteria for assessing the reliability of mineral reserves. A significant focus is placed on the financial contributions required from organizations engaged in mineral exploitation for the funding of infrastructure development and environmental protection initiatives. Furthermore, the document meticulously details the planning processes for basic geological surveys and mineral exploration, clearly delineating the responsibilities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (now the designated lead agency) and provincial People's Committees in overseeing these critical activities. It specifies the conditions, rights, and obligations for organizations and individuals participating in geological surveys, including requirements for financial capacity and technical expertise. The selection process for these participants is elaborated, encompassing rigorous evaluation criteria based on technical viability, financial commitment, and prior experience. A crucial aspect of the decree is the establishment and approval processes for areas prohibited from mineral activities, temporarily restricted zones, and areas containing scattered, small-scale mineral deposits, alongside the framework for approving exploration and exploitation within these zones under specific conditions and compensation mechanisms. Finally, the creation and management of national mineral reserve areas are addressed, underscoring the state's strategic commitment to long-term mineral resource security and responsible development.