ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF REASONS,
RESULTS AND CONCESSION
I/ Choose A, B, C or D that best completes each
unfinished sentence
1. Mai worked hard , ______ she passed her exam .
a. so b. although c. because d. though
2. _____ she was very tired , she helped her brother with his
homework .
a. Because b. whether c. Although c. so
3. It’s raining hard , _____ we can’t go to the beach .
a. or b. but c. so d. though
4. Nam was absent from class yesterday ____ he felt sick .
a. so b. because c. although d. but
5. Tom has a computer , _____ he doesn’t use it .
a. or b. as because d. but
6. The boy can’t reach the shelf ____ he’s not tall enough.
a. because b. although c. even though d. and
7. The film was boring ____ we went home .
a. so b. when c. but c. if
8. The girl bought the shoes _____ they are very expensive .
a. but b. if c. so d. although
9. He used to smoke a lot ______ now he doesn’t smoke
any more .
a. still b. therefore c. but d. as
10. She couldn’t unlock it ______ she had the wrong key .
a. while b. but c. though d. because
11. ____ it rained , the boys played football .
a. Even b. Even though c. However d. In spite of
12. It was still painful , ____ I went to see a doctor .
a. so b. however c. but d. or
13. Lan likes oranges _____ her sister doesn’t .
a. but b. as c. so because
14. Nam failed the final exam _____ he was lazy .
a. while b. though c.because d. but
15. He’s tired _____ he stayed up late watching TV.
a. and b. or c. if d. since
16. Jim can speak English _____ French fluently .
a. also b. but also c. and d. so
17. _______ the traffic , I arrived on time .
a. Though b. Although b. Even though d. In spite of
18. ______ they live near us , we can see them very often .
a. So b. As c. Though d. Even
19. ______ I was really tired , I couldn’t sleep .
a. If b. Although c. While D. However
20. We watched TV the whole evening ______ we had
nothing better to do .
a. because b. though c. so d. but
21. It’s cheap _____ I don’t like it .
a. and b. because c. so d. however
22. ______ it was late , I decided to phone Brian.
a. Despite b. However c. In spite of d. Though
23. The little boy was hungry ______ he ate nothing .
a. although b. so c. but d. and
24. ______ the car was cheap , it was in good condition .
a. Although b. Because c. As d. If
25. ______ tomorow is a public holiday , all the shops will
be shut .
a. As b. Just as c. Although d. When
26. She came in _____ turned on the radio .
a. so b. and c. or d. but
27. We didn’t go for a walk _____ it was very cold .
a. though b. because c. but d. so
28. ______ I tried to persuade her , I didn’t succeed .
a. Because b. So c. Although d. However
29. Lan woke up late _____ she didn’t have time for breakfast
a. so b. since c. as d. though
30. I like fish ____ I don’t like catching them myself .
a. or b. but c. so d. and
31. He had an accident ____ he was careful .
a. even though b. because c. so d. since
32. _____ it was raining , I went swimming .
a. So b. Because c. However d. Although
33. Ann felt ill , ____ she insisted on going to work .
a. though b. so c. and d. but
34. _____ I felt tired , I went to bed early .
a. Although b. So c. As d. However
35. _____ he’s got an English name , he is German .
a. Although b. However c. Because d. Since
36. They decided not to go out for a meal _____ they were
too tired .
a. so b. because c. but d. if
37. We were the better team ____ we lost the match .
a. so b. and c. but d. because
38. Keith decided to give up his job ____ I advised him not to
a. because b. however c. although d. since
39. ______ we were in town , we often met him .
a. For b. Although C. So d. When
40 . She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary
qualifications .
a. because b. although c. so d. but
41. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry .
a. even though b. in spite
c. despite d. in spite the fact that
42. In pite _____ , the baseball game was not cancelled .
a. the rain b. of the rain
c. it was raining d. there was a rain
43. ______ he had enough money , he refused to buy a new
car .
a. In spite b. In spite of c. Despite d. Although
44. ______ , he walked to the station .
a. Despite being tired b. Although to be tired
c. In spite being tired d. Despite tired
45. The children slept well , despite _____
a. it was noise b. the noise c. of the noise d. noisy
46. She left him __________ she still loved him .
a. even if b. even though c. in spite of d. despite
47. _______ her lack of hard work , she was promoted .
a. In spite b. Even though c. in spite of d. despite of
48. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like .
a. Although b. Even c. Despite d. In spite of
49. We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces
________ we must also think of our environment .
a. despite b. though c. as though d. but
50. ______ some Japanese women are successful in business ,
the majority of Japanese companies are run by men .
a. But Even if c. If d. As though
51. The team played on in spite of the rain
a. even if b. if c. in case d. despite
52. ………….. the storm, the ship couldn’t reach its
destination on time.
A. In case of B. In spite of
C. Because of D. But for
52. He was offered the job ………. he had no experience.
A. even though B. despite
C. while D. however
53. We postponed the picnic ………………………
A. because it is raining heavily
B. because of the raining heavily
C. because the heavily rain it was
D. because it was raining heavily
54. …..her severe pain, she tried to walk to the auditorium
to attend the lecture.
A. Although B. Despite C. though D. In spite
55. She went to bed early ……….. she felt tired.
A. although B. despite C. because D. because of
56. I couldn’t read the letter ……….. the darkness.
A. despite B. in spite of C. because of D. because
57. The boys were punished…….he made many mistakes.
A. in spite of B. because
C. even though D. as if
58. ……..the liberation of women, women can take part in
social activities.
A. Because B. Thanks to C. While D. As
59. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking.
A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking
B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking
C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking
D. However we felt cold, we kept walking
60. She decided to leave her job in the company……she
could earn a lot of money there.
A. because B. although C. despite D. since D. since
61. The children laughed a lot because of the funny story.
A. The children laughed because the story is funny.
B. The children laughed because of the story funny
C. The children laughed because it was funny.
D. The children laughed because the story was funny
62. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the
concert.
A. Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi.
B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C.In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.
D. Although Bill took a taxi he can’t come to the concert
on time.
63. The flight was delayed…………the fog.
67. Nga didn’t participate in the contest………her
confidence.
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
68. No one could recognise him………he wore a mask.
A. so B. because of C. as D. in spite of
69. ………it rains, please bring a raincoat with you.
A. Because B. In case C. If D. Even though
70. ……………other workers’ constant objection, the
director dismissed the worker.
A. Because B. Because of C. Although D. In spite of
71. The mother got angry because………………
A. her son behaved badly B. her son's bad behavior
C. her son will behave badly D. her son bad behaving
72. He lost his job -------------- his laziness.
A. due to B. in spite of C. despite D. because
73. She is looking for a new job……………she is tired of
doing a routine job day after day.
A. since B. as C. because D. all are correct
74. She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone.
A. Because she was very busy, she couldn’t answer the
phone.
B. Because she was very busy, she could answer the phone.
C. Though she was very busy, she couldn’t answer the
phone.
D. Though she was very busy, she could answer the phone.
75. No matter how hard I tried I couldn't open the door.
A. Although I tried very hard, I couldn't open the door.
B. Although I tried very hard, I could open the door.
C. In spite of I tried very hard, I couldn't open the door.
D.I couldn't open the door,even though trying very hard.
II/ REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES….
1. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
Because of ………………………………………………
2. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.
In spite ….……………………………………………...
3. Although English grammar is difficult, we like to study
it.
In spite ….……………………………………………...
4. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure lever
cancer.
Despite …..……………………………………………..
5. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she
wants to buy that new car.
Despite …………………………………………………
6. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to
live in London.
In spite ………………………………………………...
A. in spite of B. because of C. though D. since
64. Hong didn’t participate in the English contest………
her lack of confidence.
A. because B. because of C. since D. despite
65. He hid that letter in a draw……no one could read it.
A. so that B. although C. in spite of D. because
66. ……..Tom was unable to see anything, he knew
someone was in his room.
A. Because B. In case C. If D. Though
7. Athough he is sick, he goes to school.
In spite of ………………………………………………
8. Although Lan was tired, she did all her homework
carefully.
Despite ….……………………………………………..
9. Everybody has a great regard for her despite her poverty.
Although ………………………………………………
10. They worked very hard although they were old.
In spite ….……………………………………………...
11. Peter didn’t go to school yesterday because he was sick.
Because of …….………………………………………
12. Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.
Because of ….…………………………………………
13. She didn’t go to the circus with Betty because she had a
bad cold.
Because of ….…………………………………………
14. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard.
Because of ….…………………………………………
15. She stayed at home because her mother was sick.
Because of ….…………………………………………
16. I like him because his father is kind to me.
Because of …..…………………………………………
17. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.
Because of ………………………………………………
18. Although he got up early, he was late for the first train.
In spite …..……………………………………………...
19. Though English grammar is difficult, we like to study it.
In spite …...……………………………………………...
20. Although he is an excellent doctor, he can’t cure liver
cancer.
Despite …..……………………………………………..
21. Although my friend doesn’t have enough money, she
wants to buy that new car.
Despite …..……………………………………………..
22. Although Mai didn’t speak English well, she decided to
live in London.
In spite ….……………………………………………...
23. Although I am hungry, I can’t eat now.
Despite …..……………………………………………..
24. Despite the narrow streets, many people drive cars in
this city.
Though ….……………………………………………..
25. In spite of the high prices, my daughters insist on going
to the movie.
Although ….……………………………………………
26. They worked very hard inspite of their old age.
Although …..……………………………………………
III/ USE BECAUSE OR BECAUSE OF TO REWRITE
THE SENTENCES.
1. We arrived late because of the bad traffic.
…………………………………………………………
2. She didn’t buy the house since the price was very high.
……………………………………………………………
3. She only accepted the job because of the high salary.
……………………………………………………………
4. We couldn’t sleep because the weather was hot.
……………………………………………………………
5. Because of the World War II, women took over business
for their absent husbands.
…………………………………………………………
6. We didn’t go fishing because the water was rough.
……………………………………………………………
7. She was very angry because he behaved very badly.
…………………………………………………………
8. He couldn’t sleep because of his worries.
……………………………………………………………
9. Because of driving too fast, he caused a serious accident.
……………………………………………………………
10. I lost my way because the fog was thick.
……………………………………………………………
11. He is tired because of staying up late last night.
……………………………………………………………
12. We couldn’t read the sign on the building because the
distance was so great.
……………………………………………………………
13. She’ll never get success because she is impatient.
……………………………………………………………
14. He’ll be sacked because he is often late for work.
……………………………………………………………
15. Governments advise giving up smoking because of its
harm for health.
……………………………………………………………
16. They haven’t bought the house because its rooms are
small.
……………………………………………………………
17. He got bad marks because his answers were incomplete.
……………………………………………………………
18. Maria couldn’t return home because of losing all her
money.
……………………………………………………………
19. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the
lesson for him.
……………………………………………………………
20. A lot of people learn English because it is very
important.
……………………………………………………………
21. Tom is often punished because he is very lazy.
……………………………………………………………
22. I was late because it rained heavily.
……………………………………………………………
23. They turned the heating on because the weather was
very cold.
……………………………………………………………
24. She has to stay at home because of her sick mother.
……………………………………………………………
25. I lost my way because the fog was thick.
………………………………………………………
26. He is tired because of staying up late last night.
………………………………………………………
27. We couldn’t read the sign on the building because the
distance was so great.
………………………………………………………
28. She’ll never get success because she is impatient.
……………………………………………………..
29. He’ll be sacked because he is often late for work.
….……………………………………..…………..
30. Governments advise giving up smoking because of its
harm for health.
………………………………………..…………..
31. They haven’t bought the house as its rooms are small.
….………….………………………………………..
32. He got bad marks because his answers were incomplete.
……………………………………………………..
33. Maria couldn’t return home because of losing all her
money.
………………………………………………………
34. Because of my friend’s absence, I have to copy the
lesson for him.
…………………….………………………………..
35. Many people learn English because it is very important.
….…………………………………………………..
36. Tom is often punished because he is very lazy.
……………………….……………………………..
37. I was late because it rained heavily.
………………………………………….…………..
38. They turned the heating on because the weather was
very cold.
………………….…………………………………..
39. She has to stay at home because of her sick mother.
……….……………………………………………..
Articles

Exercise 1: Underline the most suitable phrase in each
sentence
1. Is this a person / the person you told me about.
2. This is the only cinema / an only cinema in the area.
3. Philip has just bought the Thames barge / a Thames
barge.
4. I’m going to the British Museum / British Museum
this afternoon.
5. Are you going to church / the church on Sunday?
6. Do you have a milk jug / milk jug?
7. The Prime Minister / Prime Minister will give a speech
this afternoon.
8. The computer / Computer has already changed our
lives dramatically.
9. I haven’t been to an open-air theatre / open-air theatre
before.
10. Here is a thousand pounds / the a thousand pounds I
owe you.
11. I was under an impression / under the impression that
you had left.
12. I have to go I’m in a hurry/ in hurry.
13. I managed to sell the old painting at a profit / at profit.
14. I think I prefer the other restaurant on the whole / on
whole.
15. How many hours do you work, on average / on the
average, every week?
16. I was in pain / in a pain after I twist my ankle.
17. Jack recovered from his accident and is now out of
danger / out of the danger.
18. Excuse me, but you’re in the way / in a way.
19. Sue felt seasick on the cross-channel ferry / a cross-
channel ferry.
20. The burglar hit me on my back of the neck / the back of
my neck.
Exercise 2: Put a/ an/ the or Φ in each space blank:
1. We went by _____ train to _____ west of England.
2. ____people who live in ______ Netherlands are called
______ Dutch.
3. ____ judge sent me to ___ prison for ____ ten years.
4. ______ Columbus was one of _____ people to cross
_____ Atlantic.
5. As ____ captain of ____ ship, I have ____ complete
authority.
6. David learned to play___violin when he was at ____
university.
7. ____Trafalgar Square is near ___ Charing Cross Station.
8. Have you read _____ book I lent you _____ last week?
9. We’ll put up ______ shelves and then go to ______ café
for something to eat.
10. Is that ______ present Bill gave you for ______
Christmas.
Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1. My mother goes to church in ______ morning.
A. x B. every C. the D. a
2. I eat ______ everyday.
A. a banana B. banana C. the bananas D. any banana
3. Harry is a sailor. He spends most of his life at _____ sea.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
4. There are billions of stars in _____ space.
A. a B. an C. x D. the
5. He tried to park his car but _____ space wasn’t big
enough.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
6. Can you turn off _____ television, please?
A. the B. a C. an D. x
7. We had _____ dinner in a restaurant.
A. a B. an C. x D. the
8. We had _____ meal in a restaurant.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
9. Thank you. That was ______ very nice lunch.
A. a B. an C. the D.x
10. ______rose is my favourite color.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
11. When was _____ computer invented?
A. a B. an C. the D. x
12. My daughter plays _____ piano very well.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
13. Mary loves _____ flowers.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
14. Jill went to ______ hospital to see her friend.
A. x B. the C. a D. an
15. Mrs Lan went to ____school to meet her son’s daughter.
A. x B. the C. a D. an
16. Carol went to ______ prison to meet her brother.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
17. Sandra works at a big hospital. She’s _______.
A.nurse B. a nurse C. the nurse D. an nurse
18. She works six days _____ week.
A. in B. for C. a D. x
19. ______ is a star.
A. Sun B. A sun C. The sun D. Suns
20. What did you have for ______ breakfast this morning.
A. x B. a C. an D. the
21. London is _____ capital of England.
A. an B. a C. x D. the
22. When ______ invented?
A. was telephone B. was the telephone
C. were telephones D. were a telephone
23. We visited _______ two years ago.
A. Canada and the United States
B. the Canada and the United States
C. the Canada and United States
D. Canada and United States
24. Are you going away next week? No,___week after next.
A. a B. the C. some D. x
25. We haven’t been to ______ for years.
A. cinema B. the cinema C. a cinema D. any cinema
26. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ______
journey.
A. 3 hour B. a 3-hours C. a 3-hour D. 3-hours
27. If you live in _______ foreign country, you should try
and learn the language.
A. the B. x C. an D. a
28. Did your train leave from ______ ?
A. the 8 Platform B. an Platform 8
C. some Platform 8 D. Platform 8
29. I can’t work here. There’s so much ______.
A. noise B. noises C. the noise D. a noise
30. Do you need ____?
A. an umbrella B. a umbrella
C. umbrella D. an umbrellas
31. I’ve seen ______ good films recently.
A. a B. the C. some D. an
32. I often watch ____ television for two hours every night.
A. some B. the C. any D. x
33. The injured man was taken to _____.
A. hospital B. any hospital
C. the hospital D. hospitals
34. She went out without _____ money.
A. any B. an C. a D. x
35. Toshi speaks ______ at home.
A. the Japanese B. Japan
C. the Japan D. Japanese
36. A man and a woman were standing outside my house.
___man looked English but I think ___woman was foreign.
A. the / a B. a / the C. a/ a D. the / the
37. John sat on _____ chair nearest the door.
A. the / a B. a / the C. a /a D. the / the
38. For breakfast I had _____ sandwich and _____ apple.
The sandwich wasn’t very nice.
A. the / an B. a / the C. a / an D. the / the
39. I would love to live by _____ sea.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
40. What is ______ longest river in ______ world?
A. the/ a B. a / the C. a / a D. the / the
41. This morning I bought a newspaper and a magazine.
___ newspaper is in my bag but I don’t know where ___
magazine is.
A. a /a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
42. We live in ___ big house in ___ middle of the village.
A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
43. I’m looking for ___ job. Did Mary get ___ job she
applied for?
A. a / the B. the / a C. a/ a D. the / the
44. Did ____ police find ___ person who stole your bike?
A. a /a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a
45. We went out for ______ last night. _______ restaurant
we went was excellent.
A. a /a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a
46. As I was walking along the street, I saw _____ $10 note
on ______ pavement.
A. a/ a B. the / the C. a / the D. the / a
47. The Soviet Uinon was ______ first country to send a
man into _____ space.
A. the /the B. x / x C. x /the D. the / x
48. Did you watch “Titanic” on ______ television or at
______ cinema?
A. the/ the B. x / x C. x / the D. the / x
49. After _____ lunch, we went for a walk by ______ sea.
A. the / the B. x/ x C. x/ the D. the / x
50. Peru is ______ country in South America. _______
capital is Lima.
A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
51. I never listen to __ radio. In fact I haven’t got ___ radio.
A. a /a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
52. It was a beautiful day. ___ sun shone brightly in __ sky.
A. a / a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
53. It is said that Robinhood robbed _____ rich and gave
the money to _____ poor.
A. a /a B. a / the C. the / the D. the / a
54. Life is not so easy for _______ unemployed.
A. the B. a C. an D. x
55. Many people were killed in the accident. The bodies of
_____ dead were taken away.
A.the B. a C. an D. x
56. The butler was _____ I suspected.
A. last person B. a last person
C. the last person D. some last person
57. Where ______ you borrowed last week?
A. is scissors B. are the scissors
C. is some scissors D. are scissors
58. Why don’t we go to the park _____?
A. in the car B. with a car C. with car D. by the car
59. Too much rubbish is being dumped in ______.
A. sea B. the sea C. a sea D. some sea
60. This is exactly _____ I was looking for.
A. job B. a job C. some job D. the job
61. Of all the cars, I think I prefer ______.
A. a Japanese B. some Japanese
C. the Japanese one D. a Japanese one
62. I try to go jogging at least four times _______.
A. the week B. of the week C. a week D. of a week
63. Sally spent six month out of _____.
A. work B. a work C. the work D. some work
Exercise 4: Insert a, an or the if necessary.
1.There was . . . knock on . . . door. I opened it and found…
small dark man in . . . blue overcoat and... woollen cap.
2.He said he was . . . employee of . . . gas company and had
come to read . . . meter.
3. But I had . . . suspicion that he wasn't speaking . . . truth
because . . . meter readers usually wear . . . peaked caps.