Public Disclosure Authorized<br />
Public Disclosure Authorized<br />
Public Disclosure Authorized<br />
Public Disclosure Authorized<br />
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52950<br />
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Bản tin Tri thức<br />
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Bản tin<br />
Số 14<br />
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Quản lý Rủi ro Thiên tai ở Đông Á và khu vực Thái bình dương<br />
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PHÒNG NGỪA THIÊN TAI CHO<br />
CÁC DI TÍCH VĂN HOÁ<br />
Tác giả: Christianna Johnnides<br />
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GIỚI THIỆU<br />
7UXQJ WkP 1JKLrQ FӭX %ҧR WӗQ Yj %ҧR WjQJ 4XӕF<br />
WӃ Yj &ӝQJ ÿӗQJ 7ҩP .KLrQ ;DQK ÿm ELrQ VRҥQ<br />
PӝW KѭӟQJ GүQ WRjQ GLӋQ YӅ SKzQJ QJӯD WKLrQ<br />
WDL FKR FiF GL WtFK YăQ KRi Wӯ NKRҧQJ QăP YӅ<br />
WUѭӟF ÿӇ FXQJ FҩS KѭӟQJ GүQ FKR FKtQK TX\ӅQ ÿӏD<br />
SKѭѫQJ Yj TXӕF JLD ӣ FiF QѭӟF Yj NKX YӵF KD\<br />
FKӏX KLӇP KRҥ WKLrQ WDL 1Kѭ ÿm WKҩ\ ӣ UҩW QKLӅX<br />
QѭӟF QѫL QKLӅX WjL VҧQ YăQ KRi Eӏ SKi KXӹ NK{QJ WKӇ NK{L SKөF OҥL KRһF UҩW QJKLrP WUӑQJ Yt Gө NKX WKjQK Fә<br />
QăP WXәL %DP FӫD ,UDQ FKӍ FzQ Oj ÿӕQJ JҥFK YөQ VDX WUұQ ÿӝQJ ÿҩW FXӕL QăP FiF ELӋQ SKiS SKzQJ<br />
QJӯD WKLӃW WKӵF Fy WKӇ JL~S EҧR WRjQ QKӳQJ QJXӗQ YăQ KRi TXDQ WUӑQJ<br />
1KӳQJ QJX\rQ WҳF Fѫ EҧQ FӫD SKzQJ QJӯD WKLrQ WDL FKR GL WtFK YăQ KRi Fy WKӇ ÿѭӧF WyP WҳW QKѭ VDX<br />
ĈѭD FiF GL VҧQ YăQ KRi YjR FiF NӃ KRҥFK TXҧQ Oê WKLrQ WDL KLӋQ Fy<br />
ÈS GөQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS WLӃS FұQ SKzQJ QJӯD ÿӇ FҧL WKLӋQ KRһF GX\ WUu KLӋQ WUҥQJ FӫD GL WtFK YăQ KRi ÿӇ ÿҧP<br />
EҧR Vӵ WӗQ WҥL FӫD GL VҧQ Yj QKӳQJ JLi WUӏ Fѫ EҧQ FӫD Qy WURQJ Yj VDX NKL [ҧ\ UD WKLrQ WDL<br />
7KXӷ 6ӻ ÿѭӧF FRL Oj PӝW ÿLӇQ KuQK OjP WӕW WUrQ WUѭӡQJ TXӕF WӃ YӅ OұS NӃ KRҥFK TXҧQ Oê WKLrQ WDL OӗQJ JKpS<br />
7URQJ KӋ WKӕQJ FӫD 7KXӷ 6ӻ Fy PӝW 9ө SKө WUiFK 'L VҧQ QҵP WURQJ 9ăQ SKzQJ /LrQ EDQJ %ҧR YӋ 'kQ Vӵ 9ăQ<br />
SKzQJ FKX\rQ FXQJ FҩS YLӋQ WUӧ NKL Fy WKLrQ WDL Yj FKӕQJ OҥL [XQJ ÿӝW YNJ WUDQJ 1JRjL FiF QJKƭD Yө YӅ KjQK<br />
SKiS Yj KjQK FKtQK 9ăQ SKzQJ FzQ \rX FҫX FiF ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ SKҧL ÿyQJ JyS WjL FKtQK Fө WKӇ ÿӇ EҧR YӋ GL WtFK2<br />
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Loạt Bản tin Tri thức này do Nhóm Quản lý Rủi ro Thiên tai Đông Á và TBD của Ngân hàng Thế giới thực hiện với sự hỗ trợ<br />
của Quỹ Giảm nhẹ Rủi ro Thiên tai và Phục hồi Toàn cầu (GFDRR). Bản tin này được thực hiện cho Chính phủ Trung Quốc,<br />
là một phần trong báo cáo các điển hình làm tốt trong công tác phục hồi sau thiên tai sau trận động đất ở Văn Xuyên xảy<br />
ra ngày 12 tháng 5, 2008. Nội dung có sự phối hợp của các Ban Quản lý Quốc gia và Phát triển Bền vững Trung Quốc và<br />
Mông Cổ của Ngân hàng Thế giới. Bản tin này tập trung vào những bài học cụ thể theo ngành rút ra từ các chương trình<br />
phục hồi sau động đất trước đây ở các nước trên khắp thế giới.<br />
<br />
QUỸ GIẢM NHẸ THIÊN TAI<br />
VÀ PHỤC HỒI TOÀN CẦU<br />
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NGÂN HÀNG THẾ GIỚI<br />
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2 Quản lý Rủi ro Thiên tai ở Đông Á và khu vực Thái bình dương<br />
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.KL FDQ WKL͏S YjR FiF F{QJ WUuQK GL WtFK ͧ QKͷQJ Q˯L SKӕ FӫD 71. Yj FNJQJ Oj QѫL WұS WUXQJ KҫX KӃW FiF<br />
FK͓X UͯL UR ÿ͡QJ ÿ̭W Yj FiF WKLrQ WDL NKiF FDR ÿL͉X QKj EҧR WjQJ ,VWDQEXO UD ÿӡL KjQJ QJjQ QăP WUѭӟF Yj<br />
TXDQ WU͕QJ Oj F̯Q FkQ QK̷F QKL͉X K˯Q FiF SK˱˯QJ KLӋQ Oj FKӫ QKkQ PӝW Vӕ GL WtFK TXDQ WUӑQJ QKҩW FzQ OҥL<br />
SKiS [k\ GQJ WUX\͉Q WK͙QJ Yu FK~QJ ÿm Fy V ÿL͉X FӫD FiF ĈӃ FKӃ /D 0m Fә ÿҥL /D 0m SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ Yj<br />
FK͑QK WKtFK QJKL ÿ͋ E̫R Y͏ WtQK P̩QJ Yj WjL V̫Q 2WWRPDQ Ĉӝ UӫL UR ÿӝQJ ÿҩW ӣ PӭF WjQ SKi FӫD ,VWDQ<br />
EXO Oj <br />
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FӝQJ WUӯ WURQJ QăP WӟL *Li WUӏ GL<br />
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VҧQ YăQ KRi Oj Y{ JLi YӟL PӑL WKӡL ÿҥL WKLӋW KҥL NLQK<br />
WӃ ѭӟF WtQK FӫD ,VWDQEXO QӃX PӝW WUұQ ÿӝQJ ÿҩW OӟQ [ҧ\<br />
ĈӇ EҧR WӗQ Fy WtQK SKzQJ QJӯD TXҧQ Oê UӫL UR Fy WKӇ UD Fy WKӇ OrQ ÿӃQ Wӹ ÿ{ OD<br />
FXQJ FҩS PӝW NKXQJ KRҥFK ÿӏQK FKtQK ViFK 7әQJ KӧS<br />
Fy EѭӟF WKӵF KLӋQ NKL Vӱ GөQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS WLӃS<br />
FұQ TXҧQ Oê UӫL UR WURQJ QKӳQJ YҩQ ÿӅ EҧR WӗQ L [iF<br />
ÿӏQK WҩW Fҧ FiF UӫL UR ÿӕL YӟL GL WtFK LL ÿiQK JLi PӭF<br />
ÿӝ FӫD WӯQJ UӫL UR LLL [iF ÿӏQK FiF FKLӃQ OѭӧF JLҧP<br />
QKҽ Fy WKӇ Yj LY ÿiQK JLi FKL SKt Yj OӧL tFK FӫD PӛL<br />
FKLӃQ OѭӧF<br />
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&KtQK TX\ӅQ FӫD VLrX WKjQK SKӕ ,VWDQEXO Yu Yұ\ ÿm<br />
[k\ GӵQJ PӝW NӃ KRҥFK SKzQJ FKӕQJ ÿӝQJ ÿҩW WәQJ<br />
WKӇ ³UҩW WRjQ GLӋQ ÿӇ [ӱ Oê FiF UӫL UR FiF ELӋQ SKiS<br />
JLҧP QKҽ Yj ÿѭӧF OӗQJ JKpS WURQJ F{QJ WiF EҧR YӋ<br />
FiF GL WtFK YăQ KRi Yj Wӵ QKLrQ .Ӄ KRҥFK Qj\ ÿѭӧF<br />
TXӕF WӃ F{QJ QKұQ Oj PӝW F{QJ Fө FKLӃQ OѭӧF ÿӇ ÿiQK<br />
JLi UӫL UR ӣ FiF VLrX WKjQK SKӕ QkQJ FDR Vӵ DQ WRjQ<br />
Yj FKҩW OѭӧQJ VӕQJ QyL FKXQJ WURQJ WKjQK SKӕ Yj Oj<br />
KINH NGHIỆM VÀ BÀI HỌC QUỐC TẾ<br />
NKXQJ ÿӇ WKLӃW NӃ Gӵ iQ´ 'ӵ iQ ÿm QKұQ WKӭF VkX VҳF<br />
Lập kế hoạch lồng ghép cho Istanbul, Thổ WҫP TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD FiF GL WtFK YăQ KRi ÿӕL YӟL WKjQK<br />
SKӕ NK{QJ FKӍ Oj ORҥL KjQJ KRi F{QJ FӝQJ TXӕF JLD<br />
Nhĩ Kỳ (TNK)<br />
1ăP PӝW ORҥW FiF WUұQ ÿӝQJ ÿҩW [ҧ\ UD WjQ SKi Yj WRjQ FҫX Pj FzQ Oj PӝW FҩX SKҫQ TXDQ WUӑQJ FӫD<br />
QһQJ QӅ 9QJ 0DUPDUD FӫD 71. ѬӟF WtQK ÿm Fy QJjQK GX OӏFK PjX Pӥ 7KrP QӳD Fy Vӵ QKұQ WKӭF<br />
QJѭӡL FKӃW Yj WKLӋW KҥL Wӯ 7әQJ VҧQ UӝQJ UmL UҵQJ PӑL ORҥL WKLrQ WDL FXӕL FQJ ÿӅX Fy WtQK<br />
SKҭP 4XӕF QӝL .ӃW OXұQ ÿѭD UD Oj TX\ FKXҭQ Yj TX\ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ NKL TXҧQ Oê Yj ӭQJ SKy NKҭQ FҩS ÿӅX SKҧL<br />
ÿӏQK [k\ GӵQJ TXi GӉ GmL ÿm GүQ ÿӃQ F{QJ WUuQK NK{QJ SKө WKXӝF YjR QăQJ OӵF Yj Wә FKӭF FӫD FKtQK TX\ӅQ<br />
ÿӫ VӭF NKiQJ FKӏX WiF ÿӝQJ FӫD WUұQ ÿӝQJ ÿҩW 6DX ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ NKX YӵF Wѭ QKkQ Yj FiF Wә FKӭF SKL FKtQK<br />
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WKҧP KRҥ &KtQK SKӫ 71. ÿm TXDQ WkP ÿӃQ NLӇP WUD SKӫ FӝQJ ÿӗQJ ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ Yj QJѭӡL GkQ 9u Yұ\ Qӛ<br />
OҥL KLӋX TXҧ FKL SKt FӫD F{QJ WiF OұS NӃ KRҥFK FKLӃQ OӵF WR OӟQ WURQJ WұS KXҩQ ӣ FҩS ÿӏD SKѭѫQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF<br />
OѭӧF FKR TXҧQ Oê WKLrQ WDL Yj ÿҫX Wѭ FKR JLҧP QKҽ WKӵF KLӋQ EDR JӗP FiF KӝL WKҧR OӟS KӑF Fө WKӇ YӅ EҧR<br />
7ӯ ÿy &KtQK SKӫ UD QJKӏ TX\ӃW FKӫ ÿӝQJ [ӱ Oê FiF WӗQ SKzQJ QJӯD FKR FiF QKkQ YLrQ EҧR WjQJ Yj ³1Jj\<br />
YҩQ ÿӅ TXҧQ Oê WKLrQ WDL EҵQJ PӝW Gӵ iQ WұS WUXQJ YjR FӫD FiF ÿLӇQ KuQK WӕW QKҩW WURQJ JLҧP QKҽ WKLrQ WDL GӵD<br />
JLҧP QKҽ UӫL UR ÿӏD FKҩQ Yj SKzQJ QJӯD UӫL UR FKR YjR FӝQJ ÿӗQJ´ UD ÿӡL<br />
WKjQK SKӕ ,VWDQEXO<br />
ĈӇ JLҧP EӟW WKLӋW KҥL YӅ WjL VҧQ FӫD GL WtFK YăQ KRi<br />
7KjQK SKӕ ,VWDQEXO QJRjL YDL WUz Oj PӝW WUXQJ WkP &KtQK SKӫ ÿm [k\ GӵQJ PӝW NӃ KRҥFK KjQK ÿӝQJ WURQJ<br />
F{QJ QJKLӋS WKѭѫQJ PҥL Yj WjL FKtQK FӫD ÿҩW QѭӟF ÿy \rX FҫX WKӵF KLӋQ PӝW WKӕQJ Nr WRjQ GLӋQ FiF WjL<br />
QѫL VҧQ [XҩW UD WәQJ NLP QJҥFK [XҩW NKҭX FzQ Oj VҧQ GL WtFK YăQ KRi WKӵF KLӋQ FiF QJKLrQ FӭX NKҧ WKL<br />
ÿLӇP JLDR WKRD YăQ KRi FӫD GL VҧQ SKѭѫQJ Ĉ{QJ Yj FKL WLӃW ÿӇ [iF ÿӏQK PӭF ÿӝ WәQ WKѭѫQJ ÿӏD FKҩQ Yj<br />
SKѭѫQJ 7k\ 1y Fy GkQ Vӕ FDR QKҩW WURQJ FiF WKjQK NLӃQ QJKӏ FiF ELӋQ SKiS Nӻ WKXұW ÿӇ JLҧP QKҽ Yj WKLӃW<br />
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Phòng ngừa thiên tai cho các di tích văn hóa 3<br />
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NӃ[k\ GӵQJ PӝW NӃ KRҥFK GjL KҥQ KѫQ QăP<br />
0ӝW Fѫ Vӣ Gӳ OLӋX FiF F{QJ WUuQK GL WtFK WURQJ ÿy SKkQ<br />
ORҥL ÿLӅX NLӋQ F{QJ WUuQK Yj JLi WUӏ GL VҧQ ÿѭӧF [k\<br />
GӵQJ Yj Vӱ GөQJ OjP KѭӟQJ GүQ FKR QKj EҧR WjQJ<br />
WURQJ WKjQK SKӕ &iF EҧR WjQJ ÿm Fy WKӇ ÿѭD YjR WKӵF<br />
KLӋQ QKӳQJ ELӋQ SKiS ÿѫQ JLҧQ Yj WKLӃW WKӵF ÿӇ EҧR YӋ<br />
FiF Eӝ VѭX WҫP OӟQ FӫD PuQK QKѭ WUiQJ QKӵD OrQ FiF<br />
KLӋQ YұW WUѭQJ Ej\ WKD\ ÿәL KӋ WKӕQJ iQK ViQJ FKXҭQ<br />
Eӏ FiF SKѭѫQJ iQ Vѫ WiQ Yj WұS KXҩQ FKR QKӳQJ WuQK<br />
QJX\ӋQ YLrQ EҧR WjQJ YӅ WuQK KXӕQJ WKLrQ WDL<br />
1JRjL UD 1JkQ KjQJ 7KӃ JLӟL ÿm ÿҫX Wѭ YjR Gӵ iQ<br />
*LҧP QKҽ 5ӫL UR ĈӏD FKҩQ WKӵF KLӋQ KӗL Wӕ WjL FKtQK<br />
FKR [k\ GӵQJ FiF F{QJ WUuQK F{QJ FӝQJ WURQJ ÿy Fy<br />
FiF GL WtFK OӏFK Vӱ KRһF F{QJ WUuQK WURQJ FiF NKX GL<br />
WtFK YăQ KRi ĈiQJ FK~ ê Oj GX\ WX EҧR GѭӥQJ FiF<br />
F{QJ WUuQK Qj\ Oj EѭӟF TXDQ WUӑQJ ÿҫX WLrQ ÿӇ EҧR YӋ<br />
FK~QJ WUѭӟF ҧQK KѭӣQJ WjQ SKi FӫD ÿӝQJ ÿҩW Yj FiF<br />
ORҥL WKLrQ WDL NKiF 7X\ QKLrQ YLӋF Vӱ GөQJ FiF YұW<br />
OLӋX NK{QJ SK KӧS NK{QJ WXkQ WKHR FiF QJX\rQ WҳF<br />
EҧR WӗQ Fy WKӇ SKi KӓQJ WKrP Yj Jk\ UD QKӳQJ WiF KҥL<br />
NK{QJ WKӇ VӱD FKӳD ÿѭӧF ÿӕL YӟL F{QJ WUuQK GL WtFK 9t<br />
Gө FiF FӝW NLӃQ WU~F +\ /ҥS Fә ÿҥL 'RULF ÿm Fy WKӇ<br />
WӗQ WҥL TXD QKLӅX WiF ÿӝQJ ÿӏD FKҩQ Yu FiF PһW WUrQ FӫD<br />
FӝW Fy WKӇ YұQ ÿӝQJ Wӵ GR JLӳD FiF FӝW YӟL QKDX QӃX<br />
JLD Fӕ FiF FӝW EҵQJ FӕW WKpS VӁ KҥQ FKӃ Vӵ YұQ ÿӝQJ<br />
Qj\ Yj JLҧP NKҧ QăQJ NKiQJ FKҩQ FӫD FӝW<br />
.KL FDQ WKLӋS YjR FiF F{QJ WUuQK GL WtFK ӣ QKӳQJ QѫL<br />
FKӏX UӫL UR ÿӝQJ ÿҩW Yj FiF WKLrQ WDL NKiF FDR ÿLӅX<br />
TXDQ WUӑQJ Oj FҫQ FkQ QKҳF QKLӅX KѫQ FiF SKѭѫQJ<br />
SKiS [k\ GӵQJ WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ Yu FK~QJ ÿm Fy Vӵ ÿLӅX<br />
FKӍQK WKtFK QJKL ÿӇ EҧR YӋ WtQK PҥQJ Yj WjL VҧQ 9t<br />
Gө ӣ WKjQK SKә Fә /LMLDQJ PӝW GL VҧQ 7KӃ JLӟL ӣ WӍQK<br />
9kQ 1DP 7UXQJ 4XӕF FiF NKXQJ QKj ÿѭӧF [k\ GӵQJ<br />
Fy ÿӝ PӅP GҿR Yj FiF WKDQK Jӛ WKҷQJ OҳS KѫL QJKLrQJ<br />
YjR WURQJ ÿӇ WăQJ ÿӝ әQ ÿӏQK &iF SKѭѫQJ SKiS KLӋQ<br />
ÿҥL ÿm ÿѭӧF SKiW WULӇQ ÿӇ JLD Fӕ WѭӡQJ JҥFK KRһF ÿҳS<br />
EQ Yj ÿm JL~S WiL WKLӃW /LMLDQJ WKHR NLӃQ WU~F Fә GX\<br />
WUu EҧQ VҳF YăQ KRi ÿӝF ÿiR FӫD WKjQK SKӕ Qj\<br />
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Dự án Bảo tồn phòng ngừa cho các di sản văn<br />
hoá, Gruzia<br />
%ҧR WӗQ SKzQJ QJӯD Yj GX\ WX EҧR GѭӥQJ FiF F{QJ<br />
WUuQK OӏFK Vӱ Yj QKkQ WҥR Oj QKӳQJ EѭӟF TXDQ WUӑQJ ÿӇ<br />
JLҧP QKҽ WKLӋW KҥL GR WKLrQ WDL Jk\ UD Yt Gө ÿӝQJ ÿҩW<br />
ONJ OөW FKi\« 1ăP 1JkQ KjQJ 7KӃ JLӟL ÿm WjL<br />
WUӧ Gӵ iQ 'L VҧQ 9ăQ KRi FKR *UX]LD PөF WLrX FӫD Qy<br />
Oj SKөF KӗL FiF GL WtFK OӏFK Vӱ Yj WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ YăQ KRi<br />
QKҵP WK~F ÿҭ\ SKiW WULӇQ NLQK WӃ FKӫ \ӃX Oj WK{QJ TXD<br />
NKX\ӃQ NKtFK GX OӏFK 9u *UX]LD Fy QJX\ Fѫ ÿӝQJ ÿҩW<br />
FDR EҧR WӗQ SKzQJ QJӯD ÿѭӧF OӗQJ JKpS YjR Gӵ iQ<br />
WURQJ &KѭѫQJ WUuQK .K{L SKөF .KҭQ FҩS<br />
&KѭѫQJ WUuQK FҩS WULӋX ÿ{ OD FKR FiF QKyP FӝQJ<br />
ÿӗQJ FiF Wә FKӭF SKL FKtQK SKӫ Yj KӑF YLӋQ ÿӇ SKzQJ<br />
QJӯD QKӳQJ WKLӋW KҥL [XӕQJ FҩS FӫD GL WtFK YăQ KRi<br />
WUrQ NKҳS Fҧ QѭӟF &KѭѫQJ WUuQK ÿѭӧF WKӵF KLӋQ GѭӟL<br />
GҥQJ PӝW TXӻ WjL WUӧ iS GөQJ TXi WUuQK OӵD FKӑQ FҥQK<br />
WUDQK &iF ÿӅ [XҩW WұS WUXQJ YjR WăQJ ÿӝ әQ ÿӏQK FKR<br />
F{QJ WUuQK Fy QJX\ Fѫ VөS ÿә TXD\ SKLP Yj OѭX WUӳ<br />
FiF EҧQ WKҧR Fә Yj JKL FKpS VѭX WҫP FiF EjL KiW ÿLӋX<br />
P~D WUX\ӅQ WKӕQJ &ө WKӇ KѫQ ÿm Fy Gӵ iQ JL~S<br />
EҧR YӋ KѫQ NKR WjQJ OӏFK Vӱ Yj YăQ KRi QKѭ QKj<br />
WKӡ ÿӅQ ÿjL WUDQK WѭӡQJ Yj FiF GL WtFK NKҧR Fә &iF<br />
ÿӅ [XҩW ÿѭӧF OӵD FKӑQ WjL WUӧ TXD PӝW TX\ WUuQK KRjQ<br />
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4 Quản lý Rủi ro Thiên tai ở Đông Á và khu vực Thái bình dương<br />
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1KӳQJ EjL KӑF TXDQ WUӑQJ Wӯ NLQK QJKLӋP TXӕF WӃ<br />
0ҩX FKӕW ÿҧP EҧR EҧR YӋ KLӋX TXҧ FiF GL VҧQ YăQ KRi WUѭӟF UӫL UR WKLrQ WDL Oj SKҧL Fy Vӵ FKXҭQ Eӏ Yj OұS<br />
NӃ KRҥFK WUѭӟF<br />
/ұS NӃ KRҥFK WUѭӟF ÿӇ EҧR YӋ F{QJ WUuQK GL WtFK FҫQ ÿѭӧF KLӇX Oj FKR WRjQ Eӝ F{QJ WUuQK Yj WKӵF KLӋQ<br />
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