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Báo cáo hóa học: " Implications of GMO cultivation and monitoring-series"

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Schmidt and Schröder Environmental Sciences Europe 2011, 23:2 http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/2 EDITORIAL Open Access Implications of GMO cultivation and monitoring-series Gunther Schmidt*, Winfried Schröder documented on the website http://www.gmls.eu. Topics Genetic engineering is a technological approach that include empirical work concerning findings on GM allows for the application of new genetic material across traits, dispersal of GMO, and possible effects on non- species borders. It is assumed to yield specific benefits, target organisms as well as risk assessment, theoretical e.g., increased food production, decreased use of pesti- concepts and methodological aspects such as modelling cides and herbicides, and improved food quality. How- and data analysis facing large spatial and temporal ever, after more than a decade of commercial dimensions. Strategic implications for good governance experience in some countries outside Europe, it seems and approaches for unknown effects have been dis- apparent that several initial expectations could not be cussed from a social-ecological perspective. GMLS is met, for example, the overall reduction in pesticide use. part of the studies on systemic risks funded by the Unlike chemicals that degrade by time, genetically modi- BMBFa in the call on Social Ecological research. In this fied organisms (GMO) as well as their decomposition products have the potential to proliferate and persist in context, scientific findings are linked to social considera- the environment, eventually without the possibility of tions on how nature and the human society mutually removing them once they have been released. Thus, influence each other. This interdisciplinary approach concerns have been raised about potential adverse envir- aims at a deeper understanding of the following mutual onmental impacts of the GMO and about potential response: How do social actions shape the environment, implications on the coexistence between conventional and, vice versa, how do environmental processes impact the success of social activities – agriculture as well as and genetically modified production. This makes risk assessment as well as monitoring highly challenging other natural resource uses. tasks towards minimising the risk of adverse effects. This special series publishes some key contributions Ecological, agricultural and economic implications presented at the GMLS II conference. The articles resulting from the cultivation of GMO at large spatial describe different aspects of large-scale cultivation of scales are currently discussed in science, administration GMOs: and in the context of agricultural practice. A challenging Overview of the series, thematically oriented: task in this context is how to assess large-scale and long-term effects of GMO release in the approval proce- 1. A case study of GM maize gene flow in South dure, in the planning of coexistence measures and in African Chris Viljoen, Lukeshni Chetty post-market monitoring regarding environmental as well 2. Setup, efforts and significance of a GMO monitor- as food monitoring. The international conference ‘Impli- ing program - An Austrian case study Kathrin cations of GM Crop Cultivation at Large Spatial Scales’ Pascher, Dietmar Moser, Stefan Dullinger, Leopold (GMLS) was held at the University of Bremen first in Sachslehner, Patrick Gros, Norbert Sauberer, April 2008. In March 2010, a second edition of the con- Andreas Traxler, Georg Grabherr, Thomas Frank ference (GMLS II) was initiated. Presenters from 3. A modeling assessment of geneflow in smallholder 11 European and overseas nations contributed new agriculture in West Africa Denis Worlanyo Aheto, scientific findings on risk analysis of GMO and large- Hauke Reuter, Broder Breckling scale assessments of environmental effects. As it was for 4. Monitoring of Bt-maize in Germany by means of the first GMLS conference in 2008, the results were Open Source based WebGIS Lukas Kleppin, Gunther Schmidt, Winfried Schröder 5. Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically * Correspondence: gschmidt@iuw.uni-vechta.de Modified Plants - Concepts and Controversies University of Vechta, PO-Box 1553, 49364 Vechta, Germany © 2011 Schmidt and Schröder; licensee Springer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Schmidt and Schröder Environmental Sciences Europe 2011, 23:2 Page 2 of 2 http://www.enveurope.com/content/23/1/2 A ngelika, Hilbeck, Matthias Meier, Jörg Römbke, Stephan Jänsch, Hanka Teichmann, Beatrix Tappeser 6. Genetically modified crops safety assessments: present limits and possible improvements. Gilles- Eric Séralini, Robin Mesnage, Emilie Clair, Steeve Gress, Joël Spiroux de Vendômois, Dominique Cellier 7. From risk assessment to in-context trajectory evaluation: GMOs and their social implications Vincenzo Pavone, Joanna Goven, Riccardo Guarino 8. Systemic risks of genetically modified crops: the need for new approaches to risk assessment Hartmut Meyer to be continued The conference emphasised the necessity of indepen- dent and publicly accessible research results for GMO investigations. The conference illustrated that GMO risk assessment can build on relevant information, e.g. refer- ring to biochemical characterisation, physiological and agronomic studies. However, considerable gaps exist in the assessment of biodiversity effects, and how non-target organisms would be impacted by GM crop cultivation. Landscape and regional studies are even scarcer. Uncer- tainties and the possibility to come up with much more reliable test results exist also with regard to human health aspects. Considerable scientific work has to be done to solve the remaining open questions. Endnotes a Federal Ministry of Education and Research Received: 24 January 2011 Accepted: 2 February 2011 Published: 2 February 2011 doi:10.1186/2190-4715-23-2 Cite this article as: Schmidt and Schröder: Implications of GMO cultivation and monitoring-series. Environmental Sciences Europe 2011 23:2. Submit your manuscript to a journal and beneﬁt from: 7 Convenient online submission 7 Rigorous peer review 7 Immediate publication on acceptance 7 Open access: articles freely available online 7 High visibility within the ﬁeld 7 Retaining the copyright to your article Submit your next manuscript at 7 springeropen.com

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