Đánh giá chất lượng nước mặt tại hạ lưu sông Tiền, sông Hậu sử dụng cho mục đích cấp nước sinh hoạt

Access to safe and clean water is fundamental for human health, socioeconomic development, and environmental sustainability. Globally, and particularly in regions like the Mekong Delta, water resources face escalating pressures from pollution and increasing demand, leading to severe degradation. This context underscores the critical need for continuous monitoring and assessment of surface water quality to safeguard public health and ensure adequate water supply for communities. This study aims to evaluate the current state of surface water of Tien and Hau rivers in their lower reaches, specifically for domestic use, thereby providing crucial insights for effective water resource management and pollution control strategies.

Public health researchers, environmental scientists, water resource managers, policymakers, water supply companies, and local government authorities in the Mekong Delta.

This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the surface water quality in the downstream sections of the Tien and Hau Rivers, crucial sources for water supply, by analyzing various parameters against QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT standards. Monthly water samples were collected to measure physical, chemical, and biological indicators. Key findings revealed generally suitable surface water temperatures and pH levels in most areas. However, some critical issues were identified: pH levels in the Hau River occasionally fell below 6.50, and dissolved oxygen (DO) content was concerningly low in certain sections of the Hau River, particularly during January. Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations exceeded permissible limits by 1.04 to 2.12 times in specific locations and periods. While major ions like Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and Cl- were mostly within limits, K+ showed high values, and Chloride remained below 150 mg/l. Ammonia levels were acceptable, but Nitrite concentrations exceeded the allowable limit three times in the Hau River at Can Tho. Furthermore, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus levels frequently surpassed standards by 1 to 3 times. Most alarmingly, Total Coliform bacteria counts ranged from 9 to 2.4x10^4 MPN/100 ml, indicating significant organic pollution and classifying the water as of low quality. These comprehensive results highlight the alarming degradation of surface water of Tien and Hau rivers, ranging from average to poor, providing essential data for informed decision-making on water treatment strategies and sustainable management plans for domestic water supply in the region.