Hiện tượng Raynaud nghề nghiệp ở công nhân chế biến thủy sản khu vực phía Nam và đề xuất mô hình ngâm tay nước ấm trong dự phòng

Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common peripheral vascular disorder characterized by episodic vasospasm in the digits, often triggered by cold, moisture, or vibration. In occupational settings, particularly in industries like seafood processing, workers face prolonged exposure to cold water, ice, and wet conditions, significantly increasing their risk of developing RP and other occupational dermatological issues. Despite international prevalence estimates for cold-exposed workers ranging from 4% to 12%, specific data on occupational RP in Vietnam remains scarce. This study addresses this critical knowledge gap by investigating the prevalence and associated factors of RP among seafood workers in Southern Vietnam, providing essential baseline information for targeted and cost-effective preventive interventions.

Cán bộ y tế dự phòng, nhà quản lý lao động, nhà nghiên cứu về sức khỏe nghề nghiệp, và các doanh nghiệp chế biến thủy sản.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of occupational Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) among seafood-processing workers in Southern Vietnam and propose a preventative model. Conducted in 2024, the research involved 456 workers from two enterprises in An Giang and Can Tho provinces. Data were collected via a standardized questionnaire, with RP diagnosed using international consensus criteria. Factors such as age, gender, years of service, job location, exposure to cold and moisture, and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The study revealed an overall RP prevalence of 4.6%. While no significant differences were observed across gender, age groups, or specific enterprises, RP prevalence was significantly higher among workers with eight or more years of service (9.5% vs. 3.5%, p=0.017) and showed a tendency to be higher in those reporting discomfort due to cold exposure (7.1% vs. 3.5%, p=0.085). These findings underscore the significant impact of prolonged cold and moisture exposure, compounded by long service years, on vascular health in this occupational group. The study concludes that occupational RP is a genuine concern requiring immediate intervention. It recommends implementing comprehensive preventive measures, including ensuring adequate PPE, establishing warm rest areas, promoting health communication, and introducing the warm water hand immersion (HIWW) model after shifts. The HIWW model is highlighted as a cost-effective, standardized, and easily implementable solution to mitigate the effects of cold exposure, providing valuable practical implications for occupational health management in the seafood processing industry.