Thực trạng dinh dưỡng của phụ nữ mang thai đến khám tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Hải Phòng năm 2025

Optimal nutritional status during pregnancy is paramount for ensuring the well-being of both mother and child, significantly influencing fetal development and long-term health outcomes. Suboptimal maternal nutrition, including inadequate or excessive weight gain, is associated with a spectrum of adverse risks such as gestational diabetes, preterm birth, and neonatal complications. Despite growing awareness and public health efforts, many pregnant women continue to exhibit weight gain patterns outside recommended guidelines. Understanding these patterns is crucial for targeted interventions. This study aims to describe the nutritional status of pregnant women attending Hai Phong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2025, providing valuable insights into local challenges and informing effective prenatal care strategies.

Healthcare professionals, public health policymakers, and researchers in obstetrics, gynecology, and nutrition, particularly those working in maternal and child health in urban areas.

This cross-sectional descriptive study, conducted from January to June 2025, investigated the nutritional status of 174 pregnant women receiving care at the Examination Department of Hai Phong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The research employed anthropometric measurements and questionnaires to assess weight gain patterns and related health behaviors during pregnancy. Key findings revealed that only 25.9% of pregnant women achieved weight gain within recommended levels, with a concerning 51.7% experiencing excessive weight gain and 22.4% gaining below recommendations. While iron and folic acid supplementation was remarkably high at 98.9%, a notable proportion (39.1%) of pregnant women reported smoking during pregnancy. First-time pregnant women were found to have a higher rate of excessive weight gain (65%) compared to multiparous women (44.7%), and those who monitored their weight at home also showed higher weight gain (46.4% vs. 32.7%). These results underscore that a significant number of pregnant women in this setting exhibit unreasonable weight gain. The findings highlight an urgent need for tailored nutritional counseling interventions to modify perceptions and address unhealthy habits among pregnant women. This is particularly vital for improving maternal and child health outcomes and developing evidence-based public health strategies within Hai Phong Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology's service area.