Thực trạng nhiễm khuẩn bệnh viện và một số yếu tố liên quan trên bệnh nhân có can thiệp đường thở tại các khoa Hồi sức, Bệnh viện Sản Nhi Nghệ An năm 2024

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) represent a significant global healthcare challenge, particularly within vulnerable patient populations such as children in intensive care units. Patients undergoing airway intervention are at an elevated risk due to compromised natural defenses and prolonged exposure to invasive medical devices. These infections contribute substantially to increased morbidity, extended hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs, underscoring the urgent need for robust surveillance and prevention strategies. This study aims to delineate the current epidemiological status of hospital-acquired infections and associated risk factors among patients requiring airway intervention in the intensive care departments of Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital in 2024, providing crucial data to inform targeted infection control measures and improve patient outcomes.

Y bác sĩ chuyên khoa hồi sức cấp cứu, nhi khoa, bệnh truyền nhiễm; quản lý bệnh viện; và nhà nghiên cứu y tế công cộng quan tâm đến kiểm soát nhiễm khuẩn bệnh viện ở trẻ em.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2024 at the intensive care departments of Nghe An Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) among 339 pediatric patients undergoing airway intervention. The research employed a comprehensive analysis of patient data, identifying key demographic and clinical characteristics. Results indicated a significant HAI rate of 16.2% within this vulnerable patient group. A notable finding was the high proportion of newborns (56.6%) and patients with respiratory diseases (45.1%) among the study cohort. Invasive procedures such as mechanical ventilation (98.2%) and nasogastric tube insertion (94.1%) were highly prevalent. Pulmonary infections (42.6%) and blood infections (41.0%) constituted the most common sites of infection. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causative agents, accounting for 72.1% of identified pathogens, with Klebsiella aerogenes being the most frequent (34.5%). Crucially, the study identified prior surgical procedures (OR 3.08) and the presence of central catheters (OR 3.2) as independent risk factors significantly increasing the likelihood of HAIs. These findings underscore the critical need for tailored infection prevention and control strategies, focusing on meticulous care during airway intervention and invasive procedures, as well as targeted antimicrobial stewardship against prevalent Gram-negative strains. The study provides essential insights for enhancing patient safety and optimizing healthcare quality at the hospital.