Tổng quan luận điểm về chức năng thanh thải lông nhầy niêm mạc mũi ở người hút thuốc lá

Nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) represents a fundamental defense mechanism critical for maintaining respiratory tract health by efficiently removing inhaled pathogens and irritants. Globally, cigarette smoking, both active and passive, remains a leading cause of preventable diseases and mortality, significantly contributing to impaired respiratory function. While the detrimental effects of smoking on overall respiratory health are widely acknowledged, specific evidence detailing its impact on nasal mucosa and the mucociliary clearance function, especially regarding potential recovery post-cessation, remains less comprehensively understood. This scoping review aims to synthesize existing evidence to elucidate how cigarette smoking affects nasal mucociliary clearance.

Respiratory specialists, ENT physicians, public health researchers, medical students, and policymakers interested in the effects of smoking on respiratory health.

This scoping review systematically investigates the impact of cigarette smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) function by synthesizing evidence from English-language literature published between January 2015 and December 2024. Comprehensive searches across PubMed and Google Scholar databases identified twelve eligible studies, all of which utilized the saccharin transit test to assess mucociliary function. The findings consistently revealed that both active and passive smokers exhibited significantly prolonged nasal mucociliary clearance times compared to non-smokers, with reported delays ranging from 1.7 to 7.25 minutes for active smokers and 2.24 to 5.08 minutes for passive smokers. Some studies identified a positive correlation between prolonged clearance time and smoking duration or daily cigarette consumption, suggesting a dose-dependent effect, although one study found no association with pack-years. Furthermore, evidence suggested that smoking cessation could lead to a reduction in clearance time, implying an improvement in mucociliary function, though the precise timeframe for normalization remains uncertain and requires further investigation. This review highlights the critical impairment of nasal mucosa defense mechanisms due to cigarette smoking, underscoring its clinical significance. It also points to a notable research gap regarding the conclusive relationship between smoking characteristics and MCC impairment, as well as the long-term recovery trajectory after cessation. Future research, particularly longitudinal and interventional studies with standardized protocols, is needed to establish clearer causal links and optimize strategies for respiratory health improvement.