Therefore, this study aimed to develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing tinidazole (TNZ-SLNs) oriented to be incorporated into the gel to increase the penetration ability and prolong drug retention time in periodontal tissues.

Aralar1 and citrin are members of the subfamily of calciumbinding mitochondrial carriers and correspond to two isoforms of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier (AGC). These proteins are activated by Ca2+ acting on the external side of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although it is known that aralar1 is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart and brain, whereas citrin is present in liver, kidney and heart, the precise tissue distribution of the two proteins in embryonic and adult tissues is largely unknown....

Previously, we demonstrated apoptotic cell death in the chorion laeve trophoblast layer of human fetal membrane tissues during the late stages of pregnancy, the progression of apoptosis during incubation in vitro, and its suppression by a low concentration of glucocorticoid hormones. We now report examination of mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, tumor necrosis factora] and antioxidative enzyme genes [heme oxygenase 1, catalase, Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase] and apoptosis-related genes during in vitro progression of apoptosis with or without glucocorticoid by a reverse transcription/PCR method. It was shown that the mRNA...

Group IID secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IID), a heparin-binding sPLA2 that is closely related to sPLA2-IIA, augments stimulus-induced cellular arachidonate release in a manner similar to sPLA2-IIA. Here we identified the residues of sPLA2-IID that are responsible for heparanoid binding, are and therefore essential for cellular function. Mutating four cationic residues in the C-terminal portion of sPLA2-IID resulted in abolition of its ability to associate with cell surface heparan sulfate and to enhance stimulusinduced delayed arachidonate release, cyclooxygenase-2 induction, and prostaglandin generation in 293 cell transfectants....

Polymerase Chain Reaction is widely held as one of the most important inventions of the 20th century in molecular biology. Small amounts of the genetic material can now be amplified to be able to a identify, manipulate DNA, detect infectious organisms, including the viruses that cause AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, detect genetic variations, including mutations, in human genes and numerous other tasks.Exponentially amplifying a single or some piece of DNA generating thousands of million copies of DNA Total copies = 2n where n is the number of cycles to copy DNA So basically it is the cycles of heating and cooling (thermal cycli...

Glofish is the first transgenic animal approved to be consumed by human in the USA  The insertion of different constructs of GFP into the fish genomes to give different green colors.The idea for recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School. The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared in 1972 and 1973. Stanford University applied for a US patent on recombinant DNA in 1974, listing the inventors as Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W. Boyer; this patent was awarded in 1980. The first licensed drug generated using recombinant DNA technology was human insulin, developed by...

An applied field of biology that involves the use of living organisms and bioprocesses in engineering, technology, medicine and other fields requiring bioproducts. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology) It is the products and exploitation from other fundamental sciences.Traditional Biotechnology Traditional biotechnology refers to a number of ancient ways of using living organisms to make new products or modify existing ones. In its broadest definition, traditional biotechnology can be traced back to human's transition from hunter-gatherer to farmer. As farmers, humans collected wild plants and cultivated them and the best yielding strains were selected for growing the following seasons....

We have determined and compared nucleotide excision repair capability of several rat tissues by amethod based on restoration of the transformation activity of UV-irradiated pBlueScript by incubation in repair-competent protein extracts.After 3 hof incubation, plasmidDNAwas isolated and used to transform competent Escherichia colicells. Damaged plasmids showed low transformation efficiency prior to incubation in repair-competent extracts. After incubation the transformation efficiency was restored to different extents permitting calculationof the repair capacity of the extracts....

Protein phosphatase 2A is a phosphoserine/threonine phosphatase implicated inmany cellular processes. The core enzyme comprises a catalytic and a PR65/A-subunit. The substrate specificity and subcellular localization are deter-mined by a third regulatory B-subunit (PR55/B, PR61/B¢ and PR72/130/B¢¢). To identify the proteins of the B¢¢family inXenopus laevisoocytes, aprophaseXenopusoocyte cDNA librarywas screened using humanPR130 cDNAas a probe. Three different classes of cDNAs were isolated....

Activation of a calcium-sensing receptor (Ca-SR) leads to increased intracellular calcium concentration and altered cellular activities. The expression of Ca-SR has been iden-tified in both nonexcitable and excitable cells, including neurons and smooth muscle cells. Whether Ca-SR was expressed and functioning in cardiac myocytes remained unclear. In the present study, the transcripts of Ca-SR were identified in rat heart tissues usingRT-PCRthat was further confirmed by sequence analysis.

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins act as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) for Gasubunits and negatively regulate G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Using RGS5 gene-specific RT-PCR, we have identified a novel alternative splicing variant of RGS5 mRNA in human ocular tissues. The alternative splicing of RGS5 mRNA occurred at position +44 (GenBank NM_003617), spliced out 174 bp (+44 to +218 bp) of the cod-ing region, and encoded an RGS5s protein with a 108 amino acid N-ter-minal deletion. ...

The lipolysis stimulated receptor (LSR) recognizes apo-lipoprotein B/E-containing lipoproteins in the presence of free fattyacids, and is thought tobe involved in the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL). The distribution of LSR in mice was studied by Northern blots, quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence. In the adult,LSRmRNA was detectable in all tissues tested except muscle and heart, and was abundant in liver, lung, intestine, kidney, ovaries and testes. During embryogenesis, LSR mRNA was detectable at 7.5 days post-coitum (E7) and increased up to E17 inparallel toprothrombin, a livermarker. ...

The hypothesis thatL-glutamate (Glu) is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system is now gaining more support after the suc-cessful cloning of a number of genes coding for the signaling machinery required for this neurocrine at synapses in the brain. These include Glu receptors (signal detection), Glu transporters (signal termination) and vesicular Glu trans-porters (signal output through exocytotic release).Relatively little attention has been paid to the functional expression of these molecules required for Glu signaling in peripheral neuronal and non-neuronal tissues;...

Little is known about the functions of DNA polymerasek (Pol k) recently identified in mammals. From the genomic sequence information of rice andArabidopsis, we found that Polkmay be the only member of the X-family in higher plants. We have succeeded in isolating the cDNA and recombinant protein of Polkin a higher plant, rice (Oryza sativaL. cv. Nipponbare) (OsPolk). OsPolkhad activities of DNA polymerase, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl trans-ferase and deoxyribose phosphate lyase, a marker enzyme for base excision repair. ...

Epigenetics refers to heritable phenotypic alterations in the absence of DNA sequence changes, and DNA methylation is one of the extensively studied epigenetic alterations. DNA methylation is an evolutionally con-served mechanism to regulate gene expression in mammals.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has historically been known as a pituitary hormone; however, in the past few years, interest has been raised in locally produced, extrapituitary GnRH. GnRH receptor (GnRHR) was found to be expressed in normal human reproductive tissues (e.g. breast, endometrium, ovary, and prostate) and tumors derived from these tissues.

Glutathione (GSH) plays a key role in defense against oxidative stress. The availability of GSH is ensured in tissues by systems devoted to its mainte-nance in the reduced state and by the flux of GSH and cysteine between sites of biosynthesis and sites of utilization. Little is known about the effect of oxidative stress on the distribution of low-molecular-mass thiols and their exchange rate between tissues.

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học quốc tế đề tài :Assessing the clinical utility of measuring Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in tissues and sera of melanoma patients

Detection and quantitation of HPV in genital and oral tissues and fluids by real time PCR

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Conifer R2R3-MYB transcription factors: sequence analyses and gene expression in wood-forming tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca)