Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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I. CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ( ALTHOUGH/ IN SPITE OF )
1. Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Phrases of
concession)
In spite of / Despite + Danh từ
Ngữ danh từ
V-ing
1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ
(Adverbial clauses of Concession)
Although / Even though / Though + S + V
Despite the fact that
In spite of the fact that
Ex: - Despite his laziness, he passed the exam.
Ex: - Although he was lazy, he passed the exam.
II. CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO ( BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF….) : BỞI VÌ
1. Cụm từ chỉ lý do (Phrases of reason)
Because of + Danh từ
Due to Ngữ danh từ
Owing to V-ing
2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do (Adverbial
clauses of reason)
Because / As / Since + S + V , S + V
due to the fact that
owng to the fact that
III. PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE (CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ MỤC ĐÍCH)
1. Cụm từ chỉ mục đích (Phrases of purpese)
(not)
in order (not) + to + V1 (để mà/ để mà ko)
so as (not)
2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (Adverbial
clauses of purpose)
so that will /would
S + V in order that + S + can / could + V1
may / might
Lưu ý :Nếu chủ ngữ của mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề chỉ mục đích khác nhau ta không được dùng cụm
từ chỉ mục đích (phrase of purpose).
IV. CỤM TỪ VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ KẾT QUẢ
1. Cụm từ chỉ kết quả (phrases of result)
a) too….to: quá …không thể
S + V + too + adj / adv + To-V
S + V + too + adj / adv + for O + To-V
b) enough : đủ….để
S + be + adj + enough + ( for O ) + to V1
S + V + enough + N + ( for O ) + to V1
2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (Adverbial
clauses off result)
a) so….that
S + V + so + adj / adv + that + S + V
S + V + so + adj + a + Nít + that + S+ V
S + V + so + many /few + Nnhiều + that + S+ V
S + V + so + much / little + N kđđ + that +S + V
b) such…that
S + V + such + a / an + adj + Nít + that + S + V
S + V + such + adj + N nhiều + that + S + V
S + V + such + adj + N kđđ + that + S + V
No matter + who/ what/ when/ where/ why/ how (adj, adv) + S + V Whatever (+ N) + S + V
Adj / adv + as / though + S + V
However + Adj / Adv + S + V
Despite = in spite of + NP
Although / though / eventhough + Clause
Phrase and clauses (Cụm từ và một câu)
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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CLAUSES OF MANNER WITH (MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ THỂ CÁCH)
➢
AS (như là), AS IF & AS THOUGH(như thể là)
1. Điều không có thật ở hiện tại
S + V + as if/ as though + S + V2/Ved
Lưu ý: “were” có thể dùng cho tất cả các chủ từ ở
MĐ giả định.
Ex1: She dresses as if she was/were an actress.
Ex2: He talks as though he knew where she was.
2. Điều không có thật ở quá khứ
S + Vqk + as if/ as though + S + had + V3/ved
Ex: He talked about New York as though he had
been there before.
➢ Would rather
1. Giả thiết ở HT hoặc TL:
S1 + would rather that + S2 + V2/ed
2. Giả thiết ở Quá Khứ:
S1 + would rather that + S2 + had + V3/V-ed
Ex1: Mary’s husband doesn’t work in the same
office as she does.
=> Mary would rather that her husband worked in
the same office as she does.
Ex2: Her husband didn’t go to the office yesterday.
=> She would rather that her husband had gone to
the office yesterday.
PRACTICE EXERCISES
PRACTICE ❶
1.
He didn’t pass the exam he made many mistakes in his writing.
A. in spite of B. because of C. because D. although
2.
Our visit to Japan was delayed my wife’s illness.
A. because B. because of C. in spite of D. although
3.
he had enough money, he bought a new car.
A. In spite of B. Although C. Because of D. Because
4.
she was very hard working, she hardly earned enough to support her family.
A. In spite of B. Because C. Because of D. Although
5.
her absence from the school yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson.
A. Despite B. Because C. Because of D. As
6.
his lack of time, he watches football every night.
A. Although B. Because of C. In spite of D. Because
7.
I told the absolaute truth, no one would believe me.
A. Even though B. In spite of C. Since D. As
8.
My mother is always complaining the untidiness of my room.
A. because B. because of C. since D. as
9.
I didn’t get the job I had all the necessary qualifications
A. because B. because of C. although D. despite
10.
Mrs. Harrions is he owns many places.
A. so a rich man that B. such an rich man that C. such a rich
man that D. that so rich a man
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11.
He had to explain the lesson very clearly .
A. in order that his student to understand it B. so that his students could understand it
C. so as his students to understand it D. so that his students to understand it
12.
We have to start early we won’t be late
A. so that B. so as to C. because
D. although
13.
The schoolboys are in hurry they will not be late for school
A. so as to B. to C. in order that
D. for
14.
We set off early we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic
A. although B. so that C. because D.
in case
15.
Many people don’t want to live in big cities big cities are often heavily polluted
A. but B. because C. and D. though
16.
Polar bears are in danger of going extinct climate change. (Mã đề 404 - 2020)
A. because of B. although C. because D. despite
17.
his poor English, he managed to communicate his problem very clearly.
A. Because B. Even though C. Because of D. In spite of
18.
The second-hand car Patrick bought was almost new it was made in the 1995s.
A. or B. because C. although D. however
19.
my father is old, he still goes jogging.
A. although B. Since C. Despite D. In spite of
20.
the rain, we postpone our picnic.
A. because B. because of C. although D. In spite of
21.
it was raining heavily, he went out without a raincoat.
A. in spite B. in spite of C. However D. although
22.
the wet weather, the football match went ahead.
A. In spite of B. Although C. Though D. However
23.
We can not see the road the fog.
A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of
24.
These boys were punished they went to school late.
A. because B. because of C. even though D. in spite of
25.
I can’t ride my bicycle there isn’t any air in one of the tires.
A. despite B. because C. although D. but
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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Exercise 1: Chọn phương án đúng
PRACTICE ❷
1.
The young man was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges
against him.
A.
who B. who he C. which D. whose
2.
Is that the same film we watched last year?
A.
when B. which C. why D. who
3.
The girl I borrowed the dictionary asked me to use it carefully.
A.
whose B. from whom C. from whose D. whom
4.
The first television picture John Logie Baird transmitted on 25 November, 1905 was a
boy worked in the office next to Baird's workroom in London.
A.
which; whom B. who; which C. that; whose D. that; who
5.
Joyce Bews, was born and grew up in Portsmouth on the south coast of England,
she still lives, was 100 last year.
A.
that; in which B. who; where C. that; where D. who; that
6.
The pollution they were talking is getting worse.
A.
that BL about which C. which D. whom
7.
Robert Riva, an Italian player used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate
under 11’s football team.
A.
when B. which C. where D. who
8.
When I was at school, there was a girl in my class skin was so sensitive that she
couldn't expose her skin to the sun even with cream on.
A.
where B. whose C. whom D. that
9.
Unfortunately, the friend with I intended to go on holiday to Side is ill, so I'll have to
cancel my trip.
A.
who B. whom C. where D. that
10.
The new stadium, will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A.
what B. where C. when D. which
11.
Blenheim Palace, Churchill was born, is now open to the public.
A.
when B. where C. which D. whose
12.
The man I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university.
A.
which B. whom C. whose D. why
13.
Cathy is trustworthy. She's a person upon you can always depend.
A.
who B. whom C. that D. ∅
14.
Your career should focus on a field in _ you are genuinely interested.
A.
which B. what C. that D. ∅
15.
People outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
A.
whose B. whom C. that D. which
16.
The girl dress you admire has been working for an export company since she left
school.
Basic Grammar in use ( Grammar )
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A.
who B. what C. whose D. whom
17.
One of the people arrested was Mary Arundel, is a member of the local council.
A.
that B. who C. whom D. ∅
18.
The Titanic, Gsank in 1922, was supposed to be unsinkable.
A.
whose B. that C. which D. who
19.
The Newspaper is owned by the Mearson Group, chairman is Sir James
Bex.
A.
which B. that C. who D. whose
20.
Genghis Khan, name means "very mighty ruler", was a Mongol emperor in the
Middle Ages.
A.
whom B. whose C. who D. how
21.
She has two brothers, are engineer.
A.
whom both B. both who C. both of whom D. both whom
22.
Extinction means a situation a plant, an animal or a way of life stops existing.
A.
to which B. for which C. on which D. in which
23.
The party, I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.
A.
at that B. at which C. to that D. to which
24.
Ann has a lot of books, she has never read.
A.
most of that B. most of these C. most of which D. which most of them
25.
We have just visited disadvantaged children in an orphanage in Bac Ninh Province.
A.
located B. locating C. which locates D. to locate
26.
An endangered species is a species population is so small that it is in danger of
becoming extinct.
A. whose B. which C. what D. who
27.
Pumpkin seeds, protein and iron, are a popular snack.
A.
that B. provide C. which D. which provide
28.
He lives in a small town
A.
Where is called Taunton B. which is called Taunton
C. is called Taunton D. that called Taunton
29.
instructed me how to make a good preparation for a job interview.
A.
Jonh Robbins to that I spoke by telephone
B.
Jonh Robbins, that I spoke by telephone
C.
Jonh Robbins I spoke to telephone
D.
jonh Robbins, whom I spoke to by telephone,
30.
The scientists on this project try to find the solutions to air pollution.
A.
working B. worked C. are working D. who working
Exercise 2: Kết hợp câu dùng từ gợi ý
1. France is the country. The best wine is produced there. (WHERE)